{"title":"Investigation of hydrogen evolution and dangling bonds creation mechanism in amorphous silicon nitride thin films","authors":"T. Li, J. Kanicki, M. Fitzner, W. L. Warren","doi":"10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540975","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the hydrogen evolution and its consequent impact on the silicon and nitrogen dangling bond density in Si- and N-rich amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. This investigation was done under different thermal annealing conditions through a combination of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. We have found that the rate of hydrogen evolution from each bond depends on the film stoichiometry, and the N-H bonds are thermally less or more stable than the Si:H bonds in Si- and N-rich films, respectively. In N-rich silicon nitride, for example, the dissociation temperature of the Si-H bond is about 500 and 700/spl deg/C for the films deposited at 250 and 400/spl deg/C, respectively; and almost all of the N-H bonds are dissociated above 1000/spl deg/C. The IR and ESR results suggest that the thermal annealing of the N-rich films creates both K- and N-centers. But the K-center would be passivate during the thermal annealing to form new Si-N bonds, which are observed in the IR spectra.","PeriodicalId":397485,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128260069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrical performance of top-gate amorphous silicon thin-film transistors","authors":"C. Chiang, J. Kanicki, F. Libsch","doi":"10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540955","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we have studied the electrical performance of a top-gate staggered hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistor (TFT). This type of TFT has an I/sub ON//I/sub OFF/ ratio of about 10/sup 6/ for the drain-source voltage Vds=10 V. Its threshold voltage V/sub T/ is about 2V. Using the current-voltage characteristics of TFTs with different channel lengths, we extract the intrinsic field-effect mobility of about 0.23 cm/sup //Vsec. We also find that the specific contact resistance of this top-gate TFT is about 17 /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/, which is still too high for the applications in the TFT liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD). Channel conduction activation energy, which is deduced from the TFT I-V characteristics at different temperature, is about 0.18 eV when the transistor is in ON-state. For the bottom-gate TFT, the ON-state activation energy is about 0.12 eV. The estimated interface state density, obtained by field-effect (FE) method, is about 10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ eV/sup -1/, which is about one order of magnitude higher than that obtained for the bottom-gate TFT. We have found that bias-temperature-stress (BTS) induced shift in threshold voltage (/spl Delta/V/sub T/) follows closely the stretched-exponential stress time dependence. A stretched-exponential exponent /spl beta/ extracted at 80/spl deg/C for the top-gate TFT is slightly larger than the one for the bottom-gate TFT. The subthreshold behavior of the top-gate TFT is observed to degrade significantly under large positive bias stress condition, which indicates the trapping of negative charges or/and creation of negative defect states.","PeriodicalId":397485,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114451362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new CCFL inverter circuit far AMLCD panels results in significantly higher efficiency and brightness","authors":"M. Nalbant","doi":"10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540976","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses a new CCFL, inverter that is based on a new control technique named the Current Synchronous Zero Voltage Switching (CS-ZVS) topology. This topology enables the design of very efficient dimmable CCFL inverter circuits. The fault protection features of the inverter are comprehensive and protect against such failures as overvoltage, overcurrent and overtemperature conditions. When this inverter is integrated with the LCD panels as a system, significant improvements in efficiency, reliability and user safety are realized.","PeriodicalId":397485,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123990882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ARPA display program and the National Flat Panel Display Initiative","authors":"M. Hartney","doi":"10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540949","url":null,"abstract":"Federal government funding in flat panel display technology has been ongoing for the last five years, and over the past year has been coordinated and enhanced through the National Flat Panel Display Initiative. Funding for flat panel display technology is provided by the Departments of Defense, Energy, and Commerce, with a majority of funding through the Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency. Display technologies are critical to the Department of Defense for current operational requirements and also provide a significant opportunity for commercial application in a rapidly expanding market. An overview of the different programs in display technologies, materials and equipment, and manufacturing efforts are provided.","PeriodicalId":397485,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123080549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kouvatsos, G. Sarcona, D. Tsoukalas, M. K. Hatalis, D. Goustouridis, J. Stoemenos
{"title":"Thin film transistors fabricated at low temperatures in single crystal silicon films on glass substrates","authors":"D. Kouvatsos, G. Sarcona, D. Tsoukalas, M. K. Hatalis, D. Goustouridis, J. Stoemenos","doi":"10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540974","url":null,"abstract":"Thin film transistors (TFTs) on glass substates, necessary for the fabrication of active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs), are usually fabricated in amorphous silicon films deposited on low temperature sheet glass, such as soda lime glass, or in polycrystalline silicon films (as-deposited or crystallized) deposited on quartz or glass by LPCVD. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of the fabrication of TFTs with much higher mobility in single crystal silicon films on glass, even on soda lime glass substrates. An electron mobility improvement of an order of magnitude over that achieved in polycrystalline films on glass substrates has been obtained.","PeriodicalId":397485,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122905556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wide viewing angle of twist nematic liquid crystal in polymer networks","authors":"Jianxin Guo, Qingbing Wuang, Zhenjun Ma, Tao Yu, Xibin Shao, X. Huang","doi":"10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540977","url":null,"abstract":"Uniform and wide viewing angle characteristics of polymer stabilized amorphous twisted nematic (PS-a-TN) liquid crystal display device have been developed by non-rubbing technique. The optimism of the polymer concentration, curing temperature, curing speed and curing voltage is very important.","PeriodicalId":397485,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114209280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrophotographic patterning of a-Si:H","authors":"N. Gleskova, S. Wagner, D. Shen","doi":"10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540950","url":null,"abstract":"We report the patterning of thin films of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) using electrophotographically applied toner as the etch mask. Using a conventional xerographic copier, a toner pattern was applied to 0.1 /spl mu/m thick a-Si:H films deposited on /spl sim/50 /spl mu/m thick glass foil. The toner then served as the etch mask for a-Si:H, and as the lift-off material for the patterning of chromium. This technique opens the prospect of roll-to-roll, high-throughput patterning of large-area thin-film circuits on glass substrates.","PeriodicalId":397485,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays","volume":"647 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123970882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High performance AM-LCD designs for military/severe environments","authors":"J. Farrell, J. C. Wright","doi":"10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540973","url":null,"abstract":"The Military and Aerospace sector has been a natural incubator for emerging electronic technologies, due to its continuing need for critical technology discriminators and acceptance of high risk/high pay-off engineering strategies to achieve same. It is therefore logical that it wold have been a significant patron of the AM-LCD art in its infancy and by this mechanism become a major influence on the evolution of North American industrial base in this sector. Some of the more obvious factors pertinent to the effective support and advancement of AM-LCD products in the Military and Aerospace sector, are outlined. This market remains in a dynamic state and will continue to seek efficient means to satisfy its diverse and challenging display needs. Two design approaches discussed are: effective \"ruggedisation\" of commercial devices via mechanical, electrical and optical enhancements; and the complete engineering of specific solutions from the \"glass\" up to the unique performance requirements.","PeriodicalId":397485,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128770984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An alternative transparent conducting oxide to ITO for the a-Si:H TFT-LCD applications","authors":"J. Lan, J. Kanicki, A. Catalano, J. Keane","doi":"10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540959","url":null,"abstract":"We propose aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), for the first time, as an alternative transparent conducting oxide to indium tin oxide (ITO) for the application to a-Si:H TFT-LCDs. AZO films have an optical transmittance (/spl sim/92% in the visible light spectrum) and electrical resistivity (/spl sim/7.5/spl times/10(-4) /spl Omega/-cm) comparable to ITO films. Unlike ITO films, AZO films show good chemical stability during the deposition of a-SiNx:H layer and no optical transparency degradation has been found. In addition, in the patterning of AZO films, a high etch rate (-103 /spl Aring//sec), no etching residue formation, and uniform etching for micro-patterns have been established for AZO films.","PeriodicalId":397485,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127492895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling of leakage current distributions in series connected polysilicon thin film transistors","authors":"E. Cheng, J. Sturm, I. Wu, T. King","doi":"10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMLCD.1995.540969","url":null,"abstract":"Leakage current is an important parameter in thin film transistors (TFTs) for achieving gray scales in active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs). Leakage regulation is especially important in polysilicon TFTs, where the leakage is significantly greater than in their amorphous silicon counterparts. To reduce the leakage current, it is a common practice to place two polysilicon TFTs in series, which may reduce the leakage current by over an order of magnitude. In this work, it is shown how leakage current in a series connected pair can be analytically predicted from the I-V characteristics of a single FET for the first time, and how the leakage current distribution of single transistors may affect the distribution of the series connected devices. These implications are important for estimating the pixel yield in AMLCDs from single device characteristics.","PeriodicalId":397485,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Second International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130424808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}