African Journal of Commercial Studies最新文献_第2页

Technology Adoption as a Factor for Financial Performance in the Banking Sector Using UTAUT Model 利用UTAUT模型将技术采用作为银行业财务绩效的一个因素

African Journal of Commercial Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.5

Collins Masumbuko, Jackson Phiri

{"title":"Technology Adoption as a Factor for Financial Performance in the Banking Sector Using UTAUT Model","authors":"Collins Masumbuko, Jackson Phiri","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the complex relationship between technology adoption and the overall performance of selected Zambian banks. The analysis focuses on four prominent banks in Lusaka, namely Zanaco, Atlasmara, Stanbic, and FNB, which were selected based on characteristics such as footprint and income. The time frame is from 2015 to 2020, allowing for a complete examination of trends in the ever-changing banking business. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative financial data analysis with qualitative analysis. Data was gathered through the examination of financial reports, industry databases, interviews with banking specialists, and surveys. For the quantitative and qualitative data, statistical analysis and theme coding were used, respectively. The study aimed to provide significant insights to academia, the banking sector, and industry stakeholders by providing a comprehensive understanding of how technology adoption impacts the performance landscape of banks in Zambia. The findings revealed a positive correlation between technology adoption and financial performance with a Pearson’s two-tailed coefficient of 0.6. The study also investigated perceptions around IT platform stability and total bank efficiency, demonstrating a strong belief in the performance-enhancing potential of a reliable IT infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":396950,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140216426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Study of the Effect Automatic Teller Machine Banking on Customer Satisfaction: The Case of Zambia National Commercial Bank 自动柜员机银行业务对客户满意度的影响研究：赞比亚国家商业银行案例

African Journal of Commercial Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.6

Mubiana Likando

{"title":"A Study of the Effect Automatic Teller Machine Banking on Customer Satisfaction: The Case of Zambia National Commercial Bank","authors":"Mubiana Likando","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the impact of ATM banking services on customer satisfaction, utilizing an exploratory approach to evaluate the satisfaction levels of ZANACO ATM services in the Lusaka District. The specific objectives include assessing the availability, performance, security, and challenges faced by customers when using ZANACO ATM systems. The study focused on customers of ZANACO Bank in the Lusaka District, with a sample size of 150 customers representing various customer profiles. The study findings indicate that while ZANACO ATM services are generally available, there is some disagreement among respondents regarding the accessibility of these ATMs. Despite favorable ratings for performance, participants expressed concerns about long queues, transaction errors, and occasional cash shortages at ZANACO ATMs. Regarding security, respondents generally agreed that ZANACO ATMs are secure; however, challenges such as failed transactions, delays in resolving issues, and instances of ATMs running out of cash were identified. Furthermore, the study revealed no significant variations in results based on individual characteristics such as gender, age, education level, or customer tenure with the bank. Recommendations for ZANACO Bank include enhancing customer mapping strategies to improve ATM service accessibility, promptly addressing failed transactions (especially VISA transactions), and ensuring consistent availability of cash in all ATMs to minimize customer inconvenience.","PeriodicalId":396950,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140215597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Relationship between Working Capital Management, Liquidity, and Financial Performance within the Context of Kenyan SME’s 探索肯尼亚中小企业周转资金管理、流动性和财务绩效之间的关系

African Journal of Commercial Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.4

Frankline Chasha Sogomi, Mary Kavele Patrick, Charles Guandaru Kamau

{"title":"Exploring the Relationship between Working Capital Management, Liquidity, and Financial Performance within the Context of Kenyan SME’s","authors":"Frankline Chasha Sogomi, Mary Kavele Patrick, Charles Guandaru Kamau","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of working capital revolves around the effective administration of short-term assets and liabilities within an organization, with the ultimate goal of augmenting profitability and safeguarding against potential insolvency scenarios. In this scholarly article, we undertake a thorough evaluation of the intricate relationship between working capital management, liquidity, and financial performance within the context of Kenya, with a particular focus on small and medium enterprises. Our analysis primarily relies on an exhaustive review of pertinent academic literature that delves into the subject matter at hand. A noteworthy observation that emerged from this investigation was the realization that inadequate working capital management has the potential to precipitate the downfall of even the most prosperous corporations. The majority of the scrutinized literature unequivocally posits that a strong correlation exists between working capital management and profitability. Moreover, it is imperative to acknowledge the pivotal role played by liquidity, firm size, leverage, and various other financial ratios, as these factors constitute integral components of the overarching framework of working capital management.","PeriodicalId":396950,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","volume":"83 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors influencing Post-Harvest Losses of Fresh Tomato in the Distribution Channel in Lusaka Markets 影响卢萨卡市场销售渠道中新鲜番茄收获后损失的因素

African Journal of Commercial Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.3

Launstein Musonda

{"title":"Factors influencing Post-Harvest Losses of Fresh Tomato in the Distribution Channel in Lusaka Markets","authors":"Launstein Musonda","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to establish the causes of postharvest losses of fresh tomatoes in Lusaka District, Zambia. The specific objectives were to: investigate the factors that influence the losses of tomato in the distribution chain at markets in Lusaka; determine the effects of post-harvest losses on tomato on stakeholders; and identify mitigating strategies to be adopted to reduce post-harvest losses in the distribution chain. Purposive sampling was employed in selecting respondents in the study area. Data was collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Results on socio-demographic characteristics revealed that the majority (about 88%) of the tomato traders were female. This suggested that the supply chain of tomatoes is dominated by women, and thus a successful fight against post-harvest losses will empower women. The qualitative responses linked the causes of tomato PHL to excess exposure to high temperatures and direct sunlight in trading places, poor packaging, improper storage, and over-reliance on the Soweto market for tomato sales. Capital loss was the major effect of tomato losses, affecting the livelihoods of families of tomato traders. Technocrats also saw greenhouse gas emissions from organic waste as another negative effect. A number of mitigating measures were proposed for traders, the government, and the Zambia National Farmers Union. They include the processing of excess tomatoes on the markets, encouraging distributors to distribute to other markets within and outside Lusaka, unlike the current situation where most of them deliver their produce to the Soweto market, the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the supply chain at markets, and the and the adoption and use of cold storage facilities in markets. Transporters should drive slowly on feeder roads while lobbying governments for the development of tarred roads linking farms to markets.","PeriodicalId":396950,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Affecting Private Sector Partnerships with Non-Governmental Organizations in Zambia: A Case Study of Musokotwane Compassion Mission Zambia 影响赞比亚私营部门与非政府组织合作的因素：赞比亚 Musokotwane 同情使团案例研究

African Journal of Commercial Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.2

Hadassah Kasukumya, Lubinda Haabazoka

{"title":"Factors Affecting Private Sector Partnerships with Non-Governmental Organizations in Zambia: A Case Study of Musokotwane Compassion Mission Zambia","authors":"Hadassah Kasukumya, Lubinda Haabazoka","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to determine how NGO-private sector partnerships can be forged to raise resources and funding for their activities that supplement government efforts. Data was collected from a purposive sample of 83 staff. The study utilized a questionnaire with both closed-ended and open-ended questions for data collection from the respondents. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach. Correlation and regression analyses were used to establish the relationship among the variables of the study, and qualitative textual data was analyzed. The results of the study show that governance, transparency, political intervention, and decision-making processes are key determinants of partnership performance between the private sector and non-governmental organizations in Zambia. The study further established that lack of transparency in donor fund administration and management, corruption, poor governance, and decision-making hugely contribute to the poor performance and sustenance of these partnerships. The study recommends that NGOs should possess the highest professional and ethical standards and exercise responsible resource management to obtain funding from donors. It is also recommended that NGOs be as accountable and transparent as possible to establish confidence-driven partnerships with the private sector, as these are key issues affecting these partnerships.","PeriodicalId":396950,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","volume":"198 S580","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study of the effect of Mobile Money Services on Tax Compliance in zambia: A case of MFEZ and CBD Lusaka 移动货币服务对赞比亚税务合规性的影响研究：卢萨卡 MFEZ 和 CBD 案例

African Journal of Commercial Studies Pub Date : 2024-03-09 DOI: 10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.1

Exildah Nsangu, Lubinda Haabazoka

{"title":"A study of the effect of Mobile Money Services on Tax Compliance in zambia: A case of MFEZ and CBD Lusaka","authors":"Exildah Nsangu, Lubinda Haabazoka","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mobile money services on tax compliance in Zambia, in the case of the Multi-Facility Economic Zone (MFEZ) and Central Business District (CBD) of Lusaka. The study objectives were first to establish the extent to which mobile money is used to pay tax to the Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA) in Zambia. Secondly, it aimed to find out the challenges of using mobile money for tax compliance in Zambia and, lastly, explore potential measures and strategies that could be implemented to harness the potential of mobile money in augmenting tax compliance. Drawing upon both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, this study employed surveys, interviews, and data analysis techniques to elucidate the intricate dynamics at play. Through rigorous data collection and analysis, the research aimed to provide insights into the utilization patterns, benefits, and challenges associated with mobile money in tax compliance. The findings of this study were expected to contribute significantly to the existing body of knowledge concerning mobile money adoption and its implications for tax compliance in developing economies. By shedding light on the specific nuances of the Zambian context, this research endeavored to offer actionable recommendations aimed at fostering an environment conducive to leveraging mobile money for enhanced tax compliance. From a broader perspective, this thesis aspires to not only deepen academic understanding but also offer practical implications for policymakers, tax authorities, financial institutions, and mobile money service providers in Zambia and beyond. The study established that, to a good extent, mobile money is used by taxpayers to pay presumption tax. It was also established in the study that mobile money can reduce the prevalence of cash transactions and can provide a digital trail of transactions, making it easier for governments to track and collect taxes. Using mobile money can also improve tax compliance.","PeriodicalId":396950,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","volume":"154 S313","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Industrialization and Employment Generation in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis 尼日利亚的工业化与创造就业：实证分析

African Journal of Commercial Studies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.59413/ajocs/v4.i1.2

U. Effiong, U. Udonwa

{"title":"Industrialization and Employment Generation in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis","authors":"U. Effiong, U. Udonwa","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the impact of industrialization on employment creation, taking evidence from the Nigerian economy and using annual data covering the period of 1990 to 2022. The specific objectives were to determine the causal relationship between industrialization and employment creation in Nigeria and to examine the impact of industrialization on employment creation in Nigeria. To draw empirical evidence, the econometric methods of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) with Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) and the Granger causality test were employed as the analytical techniques. The results of the ARDL and ECM reveal that a short-run and long-run relationship exists between industrial sector output and employment creation (proxied by the unemployment rate) in Nigeria. With the establishment of a long-run relationship and the aid of the ARDL bounds test for cointegration, the long-run and short-run estimates were estimated. The findings of the study reveal that industrial sector performance has a negative and significant impact on the unemployment rate in Nigeria. In other words, it has a positive and significant impact on employment creation in Nigeria. Therefore, the study, among other requisite recommendations, suggests that the Nigerian authority prioritize the growth and improvement of the industrial sector through the provision of basic infrastructure such as transport networks, energy systems, and communication technologies, among others.","PeriodicalId":396950,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139126355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Financial Literacy on The Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Kenya 金融扫盲对肯尼亚微型和小型企业发展的影响

African Journal of Commercial Studies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.59413/ajocs/v4.i1.3

David Muiruri Njoki

{"title":"Effect of Financial Literacy on The Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Kenya","authors":"David Muiruri Njoki","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) constitute a vital segment driving economic growth and employment opportunities in various economies, especially in developing nations like Kenya. This study aims to comprehensively explore the intricate relationship between financial literacy and the growth trajectory of MSEs, in Kenya which is a developing country. The primary objective is to understand how proficiency in budgetary control, meticulous bookkeeping, adept debt management, and comprehensive knowledge of banking services influence the growth path of MSEs. The study integrates theoretical frameworks, including enterprise growth theories by Larry Greiner and the resource-based view theory advocated by Edith Penrose. Empirical findings reveal that MSEs, pivotal for economic impact, confront hurdles in accessing financial resources, often resorting to informal lenders with limited support and high interest rates. Insufficient knowledge about banking services, bookkeeping, and budgeting further hinders their growth. This research underscores the vital contribution of MSEs to Kenya's economy and the challenges impeding their growth. Emphasizing financial literacy as a key factor, the study provides theoretical foundations and practical insights.","PeriodicalId":396950,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Philanthropy's role in mediating the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable corporate performance (SCP) in Zimbabwe's service sector: Evidence from managerial cognitions 慈善事业在津巴布韦服务业企业社会责任（CSR）与可持续企业绩效（SCP）之间的中介作用：来自管理认知的证据

African Journal of Commercial Studies Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.59413/ajocs/v4.i1.1

Leo Mataruka, Simona Činčalová, Clara Mapokotera, J. Muzurura, W. Mkumbuzi

{"title":"Philanthropy's role in mediating the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable corporate performance (SCP) in Zimbabwe's service sector: Evidence from managerial cognitions","authors":"Leo Mataruka, Simona Činčalová, Clara Mapokotera, J. Muzurura, W. Mkumbuzi","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v4.i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the philanthropic aspect of corporate social responsibility is looked at in relation to other aspects of corporate social responsibility and long-term business performance in Zimbabwe's service-based firm sector. Management perceptional data were collected from 650 senior managers in organisations within the service-based sector of the Harare region. The online questionnaire's measurement items draw from stakeholder, legitimacy, and triple-bottom-line theories. The empirical findings highlight the relative importance of environmental and philanthropic factors in promoting long-term competitiveness. The results suggest that philanthropy is a mediator in the connection between the corporate social responsibility dimensions of economic, ethical, and environmental responsibilities. The importance of philanthropy in elucidating the relationship between these variables is implied. The study emphasises that relying solely on philanthropy is insufficient to maintain long-term performance. Achieving sustainable corporate performance growth depends on the optimal interaction of different corporate social responsibility elements, which drive business growth. Investing in corporate social responsibility by collaborating with stakeholders and creating shared value is crucial for firms to succeed. This research adds to the current literature on corporate social responsibility and sustainability performance by offering valuable insights into the motivations, challenges, and strategies unique to Zimbabwe's service sector. The text underscores the significance of environmental and philanthropic factors in promoting long-term competitiveness. It also emphasises adopting a comprehensive corporate social responsibility approach to achieve sustainable performance.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":396950,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economic Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions in Corporate World: An African context 企业并购的经济影响：非洲背景

African Journal of Commercial Studies Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.59413/ajocs/v1.i2.3

Frankline Chasha Sogomi, Monica Nkatha Thuranira, Charles Guandaru Kamau

{"title":"Economic Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions in Corporate World: An African context","authors":"Frankline Chasha Sogomi, Monica Nkatha Thuranira, Charles Guandaru Kamau","doi":"10.59413/ajocs/v1.i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v1.i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Mergers and acquisitions have been pronounced and adopted with the profound need to combat the economic crisis and neutralize the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pan-demic. The uncertainty and risks involved in undertaking business operations have rapidly given rise to the strategic and systematic execution of cost-cutting measures and survival techniques. Mergers and acquisitions are one of the most effective strategies for the survival of a company through the creation of synergies and leveraging on economies of scale. The aim of the study was to establish the economic impacts of mergers and acquisitions in the corporate world. The study specifically sought to analyze and determine the extent to which mergers and acquisitions affect the selected variables constituting market share, share-holders’ wealth, portfolio diversification, employment, and economies of scale. The analysis apparently observed that mergers and acquisitions have no significant impact on share-holders’ wealth in the short run, as indicated by stock price movements, despite commanding an extensive customer base and market share, reduction of operation costs based on economies of scale, and mitigation of financial risks through portfolio diversification. The corporate employees always impede any kind of mergers and acquisitions due to the un-certainties and apprehensions associated with their engagements and organizational culture pitting them against the conventional narrative that change is inevitable.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":396950,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Commercial Studies","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138618096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0