The SailorPub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.5
David F. Schmitz
{"title":"Exceptionalism and Internationalism","authors":"David F. Schmitz","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.5","url":null,"abstract":"It was while serving as the undersecretary of the navy during World War I that Roosevelt fully developed his internationalist view of foreign policy. For FDR, internationalism meant preparedness, collective security, and cooperation with other nations as the best means to defend American interests and values. When the United States rejected the Treaty of Versailles, Roosevelt spent the 1920s seeking alternative means to implement his internationalist views.","PeriodicalId":396790,"journal":{"name":"The Sailor","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117218226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The SailorPub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.7
David F. Schmitz
{"title":"International Crises, 1937–1940","authors":"David F. Schmitz","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.7","url":null,"abstract":"Facing increasing aggression abroad with the German reoccupation of the Rhine, Italy's invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil War, Japan's attack on China, and Germany's absorption of Austria, and the failure of the Munich Conference and the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia, Roosevelt began a campaign to educate the American people to understand the threat these actions posed to the United States and to support preparedness and his internationalist foreign policy. Beginning with the Quarantine Speech, the president challenged sought revisions of the Neutrality Act as he challenged the position of non-intervention, began a buildup of American forces, and forged a closer relationship with Great Britain. While his efforts failed to prevent war, Roosevelt launched a great debate over America's role in the world that began moving public opinion away from neutrality to internationalism.","PeriodicalId":396790,"journal":{"name":"The Sailor","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129114285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The SailorPub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.11
David F. Schmitz
{"title":"Forging the Grand Alliance","authors":"David F. Schmitz","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.11","url":null,"abstract":"Roosevelt's grand strategy of ensuring the survival of Great Britain and the Soviet Union was based on the understanding that Germany was the most dangerous enemy and Berlin defeated first. It was also predicated on the idea that World War II provided the United States a second chance to take up its rightful place as a world leader. As the nation fully mobilized in 1942, the Grand Alliance struggled with question of the best strategy for defeating Germany with the Soviet Union seeking an immediate second front and Great Britain wanting to attack Germany in the Mediterranean. Roosevelt ultimately sided with the British. As the course of the war started to turn in favor of the Allies with the victory at Midway over Japan's navy, the successful attack on North Africa, and the Russians victory at Stalingrad, Roosevelt met with Churchill in Casablanca and sought to solidify Grand Alliance with the declaration of unconditional surrender.","PeriodicalId":396790,"journal":{"name":"The Sailor","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134398357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The SailorPub Date : 2020-10-23DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.10
David F. Schmitz
{"title":"Internationalism and War","authors":"David F. Schmitz","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1d6q3wx.10","url":null,"abstract":"With the German invasion of the Soviet Union and the Japanese taking all of Indochina, Roosevelt prepared the country for war and began to implement his grand strategy for victory. The president implemented his expansive vision of the Monroe Doctrine to allow naval escorts of lend-lease supplies across the North Atlantic, extended American aid to Russia, creating the Grand Alliance of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, and joined with London in enumerating Western war aims through the adoption of the Atlantic Charter. At the same time, he extended the economic embargo against Japan to include oil, bringing the final break in relations with Tokyo. By the fall 1941, the U.S. Navy was engaged in the Battle of the Atlantic with German submarines. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 brought the United States directly into World War II.","PeriodicalId":396790,"journal":{"name":"The Sailor","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127148019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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