{"title":"Fuses, reclosers and sectionalisers","authors":"J. Gers, E. J. Holmes","doi":"10.1049/PBPO065E_CH6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBPO065E_CH6","url":null,"abstract":"A wide variety of equipment is used to protect distribution networks. The particular type of protection used depends on the system element being protected and the system voltage level, and, even though there are no specific standards for the overall protection of distribution networks, some general indication of how these systems work can be made.","PeriodicalId":396276,"journal":{"name":"Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133248652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protection of distributed generation systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1049/pbpo180e_ch15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpo180e_ch15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396276,"journal":{"name":"Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124349388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overcurrent protection","authors":"R. Das","doi":"10.1002/047134608x.w6122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/047134608x.w6122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396276,"journal":{"name":"Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121793521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Communication networks for power systems automation","authors":"J. Gers, E. J. Holmes","doi":"10.1049/PBPO065E_CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBPO065E_CH13","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents the communication networks for power systems automation. It presents the IEC 61850 standard for the the information exchange intelligent electronic device within automated substation and a remote control link. It also discusses the substation IT networks and the process bus as defined by the IEC 61850 standard.","PeriodicalId":396276,"journal":{"name":"Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125731829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protection of low-voltage systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1049/pbpo180e_ch10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpo180e_ch10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396276,"journal":{"name":"Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121486426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Installation, testing and maintenance of protection systems","authors":"J. Gers, E. J. Holmes","doi":"10.1049/PBPO065E_CH14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBPO065E_CH14","url":null,"abstract":"Although the aim of this book is to provide the basis to guarantee a suitable relay setting procedure in distribution networks, it is felt that some reference should be made to the installation, testing and maintenance of protection systems. No matter how well the relay applications are carried out, a protection scheme is worthless if its actual performance cannot be guaranteed. It is important to emphasise that a protection scheme covers not only the relays but also the CTs and VTs that feed them, and the circuit breakers that open the circuits on receipt of a trip signal from the relays when a fault occurs.","PeriodicalId":396276,"journal":{"name":"Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132503428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current and voltage transformers","authors":"J. Gers, E. J. Holmes","doi":"10.1049/PBPO065E_ch4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBPO065E_ch4","url":null,"abstract":"Current or voltage instrument transformers are necessary to isolate the protection, control and measurement equipment from the high voltages of a power system, and for supplying the equipment with the appropriate values of current and voltage generally these are 1 or 5 A for the current coils, and 120 V for the voltage coils. The behaviour of current and voltage transformers (VTs) during and after the occurrence of a fault is critical in electrical protection because errors in the signal from a transformer can cause maloperation of the relays. In addition, factors such as the transient period and saturation must be taken into account when selecting the appropriate transformer. When only voltage or current magnitudes are required to operate a relay, the relative direction of the current flow in the transformer windings is not important. However, the polarity must be kept in mind when the relays compare the sum or difference of the currents.","PeriodicalId":396276,"journal":{"name":"Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122730334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of stability conditions on protective relaying","authors":"","doi":"10.1049/pbpo180e_ch16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpo180e_ch16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396276,"journal":{"name":"Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132338135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Directional overcurrent relays","authors":"J. Gers, E. J. Holmes","doi":"10.1049/PBPO065E_CH7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBPO065E_CH7","url":null,"abstract":"Directional overcurrent protection is used when it is necessary to protect the system against fault currents that could circulate in both directions through a system element, and when bidirectional overcurrent protection could produce unnecessary disconnection of circuits. This can happen in ring or mesh-type systems and in systems with a number of infeed points.","PeriodicalId":396276,"journal":{"name":"Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129033718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Appendix: Solutions to exercises","authors":"M. Hossain","doi":"10.1002/9781119083931.APP1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119083931.APP1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396276,"journal":{"name":"Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133832090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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