PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic)最新文献

Building Bridges or Breaking Bonds? The Belt and Road Initiative and Foreign Aid Competition 搭建桥梁还是打破纽带?“一带一路”倡议与对外援助竞赛

PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-02-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3329502

K. Vadlamannati, Samuel Brazys, Alexander Dukalskis, Yuanxin Li

{"title":"Building Bridges or Breaking Bonds? The Belt and Road Initiative and Foreign Aid Competition","authors":"K. Vadlamannati, Samuel Brazys, Alexander Dukalskis, Yuanxin Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3329502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3329502","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 China’s renewed prominence is the most important development in international relations in the 21st century. Despite longstanding rhetoric of its own “peaceful rise”, China is increasingly viewed as a long-term strategic competitor, especially in the United States. Foreign aid is one arena where this competition may be playing out. While Western foreign aid principles have emphasized coordination and harmonization, the rise of China as a development partner has raised the specter of a return to competitive foreign aid practices. Most notably, China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), has received a wary reception by those who view it primarily as a geostrategic effort, but our knowledge of responses to the BRI is often anecdotal and fragmentary. To remedy this, we test if the BRI is inducing a competitive foreign aid response by evaluating if countries involved in this initiative are more likely to receive US support for loan packages from the major, Western, multilateral development banks (MDBs). Using an instrumental variable approach, covering 7,850 project/loan packages in 10 MDBs from 162 countries during 2013–2018 period, we find that the United States was more likely to vote for MDB packages to countries that have signed on to the BRI, but predominantly when the actual amount of Chinese aid flowing to those countries is still low, suggesting the United States is competing for “hedging” countries.","PeriodicalId":396160,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114689444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

The European Union and Africa: Depoliticised Development and the Elusive Quest for Democracy and Security 欧洲联盟和非洲:非政治化的发展和对民主和安全的难以捉摸的追求

PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-11-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3293305

A. Pallotti

{"title":"The European Union and Africa: Depoliticised Development and the Elusive Quest for Democracy and Security","authors":"A. Pallotti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3293305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3293305","url":null,"abstract":"As the negotiations for a new cooperation framework between the European Union and the African, Caribbean and Pacific group of states have just started, this research paper examines the historical evolution of the ideological assumptions and goals of the EU-Africa development cooperation, the problems and difficulties it encountered, and its achievements since its inception in the late 1950s. During the Cold War the relations between the European Economic Community and the African governments aimed at accelerating the economic modernisation of the African states and cementing their links with the Western bloc. However, after the end of the Cold War, the imposition of political and economic conditionalities and the subordination of development cooperation to political and security goals have led to a growing politicisation of the EU-Africa partnership. However, the notion of development at the basis of the partnership has been vaguely defined and increasingly depoliticised. The research paper shows that the insufficient attention paid to the contradictions between the promotion of the neo-liberal economic reforms on the one side and the support for human rights, democracy and security in Africa on the other side, contributed to the disarticulation of the EU-Africa partnership and undermined its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":396160,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124202777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Sustainability: Lenders Know Best - A Practitioner’s View 可持续性:贷方最了解——一个实践者的观点

PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-11-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3349665

Robert B. Smith

{"title":"Sustainability: Lenders Know Best - A Practitioner’s View","authors":"Robert B. Smith","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3349665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3349665","url":null,"abstract":"The recent formation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has once again brought into focus issues of governance within the international lending institutions as well as the conditions imposed on borrowers i.e. national governments. This paper will explore, from a practitioner’s perspective whether the drive for effectiveness and efficiency of operations imposed by the lenders are imposing conditions that are in effect impacting on the long-term sustainability of local communities. Lending institutions may impose a philosophy that is contrary to the best interests of the citizens and the social fabric of society. This was clearly the case with the IMF and the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-1998 and its impact on countries such as Thailand and Indonesia. Lessons have been learnt but is the mix right. International lending institutions are more and trying to force governments to comply with a neo-liberal agenda before they will grant a loan. The solutions may be inappropriate or too extensive. Governments often accept the conditions to obtain the loan. Whilst it is critical that governments have the appropriate fiscal and contract management skills in place the imposition of a neo-liberal agenda is another story. The agenda essentially implies that services should be outsourced wherever possible. Such an agenda may be efficient, but it can have devastating effects on the local communities. <br><br>Rather than imposition of the external agenda for wholesale change the institution undergoing change needs to be fully committed and systematic institutional diagnostics should be undertaken jointly before a decision is made on the areas and direction of change. A medium-term strategy for capacity building should be developed, providing the framework for continuous assistance with interim milestones. Without such an approach sustainability is likely to be a pipe dream. There are plenty of examples to prove it.","PeriodicalId":396160,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116098610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Poverty Beyond Obscurantism 超越愚昧的贫穷

PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-09-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3254400

S. Reddy

引用次数: 2

Comparative Perspective on Modernisation and Institutionalism 现代化与制度主义的比较视角

PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91394-0_3

S. Baek

引用次数: 0

NGOs and the Effectiveness of Interventions 非政府组织与干预措施的有效性

PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3200187

Faraz Usmani, M. Jeuland, Subhrendu K. Pattanayak

引用次数: 16

Accounting (f)or Tax: The Global Battle for Corporate Transparency 会计(f)或税收:全球企业透明度之战

PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-04-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3200651

M. Meinzer, Christoph Trautvetter

{"title":"Accounting (f)or Tax: The Global Battle for Corporate Transparency","authors":"M. Meinzer, Christoph Trautvetter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3200651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3200651","url":null,"abstract":"A growing number of leaks and scandals from tax havens have put tax avoidance by multinational companies on the political agenda. Yet under conditions of corporate financial secrecy, reforms remain incomplete and their impact on reducing illicit financial flows uncertain. This paper details how proposals by the United Nations for greater corporate transparency, and specifically rules to compel multinational companies to break down their consolidated accounts to a company specific, or regional, basis have been blocked by the business lobby for a period of over forty years. It discerns three main lobby tactics used to prevent progress, namely forum shifting, regulatory capture/embedded lobbyism and reframing. These tactics first resulted in shifting responsibility for global accounting standard setting away from the United Nations, and to the self-regulatory bodies dominated by the Big 4 accounting firms. Later, these tactics were used to block progress at the OECD and European Union levels. The three major capital-exporting nations Germany, Japan and the United States are shown to play a key role in defending the status quo of corporate secrecy and accounting self regulation under which corporate tax avoidance can thrive.","PeriodicalId":396160,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115902702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corporate-Level Impact Measurement – IFAD’s Experience 企业层面的影响测量-农发基金的经验

PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-03-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3305847

P. Winters, A. Garbero

{"title":"Corporate-Level Impact Measurement – IFAD’s Experience","authors":"P. Winters, A. Garbero","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3305847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3305847","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing impact requires attribution, which refers to the ability to claim that impact on an indicator of success is the result of a particular investment. Identifying impact entails creating a counterfactual that allows comparison of what has happened as the results of an intervention and what would have happened in the absence of that intervention. As seen in the other articles in this issue, identifying impact at the project level is well understood. Experimental (randomised controlled trials) and non-experimental approaches are becoming widely used to assess impact. These approaches create a counterfactual through a combination of careful data collection and statistical methods which provide confidence that impact estimates are unbiased and thus can be attributed to the intervention.<br><br>Attributing corporate-level impact for a development institution, such as the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), is more complicated and less straightforward. Nevertheless, bodies that govern development institutions are expanding demand for impact estimates that can be attributed to the activities of these institutions. For donor countries, corporate-level impact estimate can be crucial for justifying funding to an institution since it can address taxpayers’ and parliaments’ questions about whether development assistance is effective. For this reason, governing bodies are increasingly asking for Results Measurement Frameworks (RMFs), which lay out the indicators of institutional success and include attributable impact indicators.","PeriodicalId":396160,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126994045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achieving Developmental Goals Through Impact Investing in Nigeria 通过影响力投资在尼日利亚实现发展目标

PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3103286

Deborah Chinonso Kalu

{"title":"Achieving Developmental Goals Through Impact Investing in Nigeria","authors":"Deborah Chinonso Kalu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3103286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3103286","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations adopted a 2030 agenda in 2015 comprising the sustainable development goals designed to replace the erstwhile Millennium Development Goals. According to the UN, the aim of these SDGs is to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. However, achievement of the SDGs would require huge financial commitment and global collaboration. Development entails an all-inclusive approach to economic, social and political stability. In a 2016 Human Development Report issued by the UNDP, Nigeria is ranked among countries with low human development. The Human Development Index is measured through three dimensions: long and healthy life, access to knowledge and decent standard of living. Also, Nigeria’s economy slipped into recession in 2016 largely due to adverse economic shocks, inconsistent economic policies and the national security challenges. The country has slowly recovered from the recession in 2017 but fundamental developmental challenges such as poverty, inequality, unemployment remains high in the country. Private investments are a key policy priority to drive economic diversification and facilitate economic growth in the country. Beyond economic growth, there is also the need to adopt development strategies that would that would not only increase inflow of investments but also address these social needs. Impact investment is a form of innovative financing which involves providing funds for socially beneficial goals asides from the typical business aim of financial return. It is a viable means of facilitating societal development goals and ensuring grass root development. The focus of this paper is to highlight the nature, scope and benefits of impact investment as a tool for development financing and consider the main challenges to creating a successful environment for impact investing in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":396160,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133993822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between Bandung and Doha: International Economic Law and Developing Countries 万隆与多哈之间:国际经济法与发展中国家

PSN: Other International Development Efforts & Strategies (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-05-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2607571

Julio Faundez

引用次数: 3