Journal of Basic and Applied Physics最新文献

{"title":"Extended Use of Coulomb\"s Law in Relation to Established Laws within Electromagnetism","authors":"J. O. Jonson","doi":"10.5963/JBAP0501005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5963/JBAP0501005","url":null,"abstract":"The competence of the basically electrostatic Coulomb's Law has historically been assumed to be restricted to pure electrostatics. As soon as electric charges were studied in motion, new sets of laws were introduced to explain the electromagnetic forces that are impelled by the motion. Among these new laws are Neumann's law of induction, Grassmann's force law, Lorentz' force law, and Ampere's force law. Furthermore, the difficulties in explaining the nature of light have given rise to the so-called wave-particle paradox. 1997 was the first year of the public circulation of research results that succeeded in showing that the basic force behind cases involving electricity or, more precisely, electromagnetism, can be derived from electrostatics. The aim of this article is to unify the results of existing theoretical research that discusses problems inherent within the prevailing standpoint on electromagnetism. In this paper, the conflict between the Lorentz Force Law and Ampere's Law is explored. Simultaneously, an alternative based strictly on electrostatics is closely examined. The very limited interest in this field of research, however, makes the amount of existing papers rather limited. The present study's new intervention is as follows: The so-called Ampe re forces between collinear currents, as in Ampere's bridge and in exploding wires, have been explained to be due to electrostatics, provided that the propagation delay dependant on the motion of charges is correctly taken into account. The Lorentz Force Law fails in this case. Additionally, electromagnetic induction can be explained by applying electrostatics, whereas the induction law fails. Light on the orbit electrons in the atoms involved in excitation and de-excitation of states can be explained using Coulomb's law (this has been widely disputed within science). The appearance of light at an atom hit by electromagnetic radiation can be shown to constitute a case of electromagnetic induction. The present study's conclusion is therefore that Coulomb's law is the only necessary force law within electromagnetism.","PeriodicalId":396017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124815573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Wavelength on the Photocurrent and Photovoltage of Vertical Parallel Silicon Solar Cells under Steady State Condition","authors":"G. Sahin","doi":"10.5963/JBAP0501004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5963/JBAP0501004","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of wavelength on the photocurrent and photovoltage of a vertical parallel junction solar cell under steady state condition was theoretically analyzed. Based on the diffusion equation, the excess minority carrier's density is expressed; both photocurrent density and photovoltage determine the junction recombination velocity and the wavelengths. The excess minority carrier density, the photocurrent density, and the photovoltage were calculated and plotted. The objective of this work is to show the effects of solar cell junction recombination velocity and the wavelengths on these electrical parameters. We have shown the effect of wavelength on initiating the short-circuit (Sfsc) and limited the open circuit (Sfoc) of the solar cell through the junction recombination velocity. The determination of Sfoc obtained from the curve of photovoltage versus Sf, and the determination of Sfsc is through from the curve of the photocurrent density according to Sf. The improvement of the solar cells limits the recombination of the excess minority carrier's photogenerated. Parameters and the control of the technological process of manufacturing are significant during the conception of these devices. Several methods of characterization in static or quasi-static mode, as well as in transient state and dynamic frequency mode have been developed for the determination of one or several parameters (1, 2). In this regard, we resolve continuity equation about relative to excess minority carriers in the base.","PeriodicalId":396017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Physics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123959234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Photothermal Response of a Junction Vertical Parallel Silicon Solar Cell under a Multispectral Illumination","authors":"G. Sahin","doi":"10.5963/JBAP0501006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5963/JBAP0501006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114305172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Temperature on the Series and Shunt Resistance of a Silicon Solar Cell under Frequency Modulation","authors":"G. Sahin","doi":"10.5963/JBAP0501003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5963/JBAP0501003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116807171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tarzan’s Dilemma for Elliptic and Cycloidal Motion","authors":"Y. Kajiyama","doi":"10.5963/JBAP0501001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5963/JBAP0501001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Physics","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122698422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Radio Frequency Plasma Nitriding on Biocompatibility of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys","authors":"F. El-Hossary, S. M. Khalil, M. Abdel, W. Kassem, M. Abd, D. Mohamed, K. Lotfy","doi":"10.5963/JBAP0501002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5963/JBAP0501002","url":null,"abstract":"Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) shape memory alloys (SMAs) are attractive materials for orthopedic and dental implants, due to its two intrinsic properties including shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE), which may not be found in other commonly- used surgical metals. Possible Ni ion release, however, hampers their medical applications, particularly in orthopedic implants where fretting is always expected at the articulating surface. Inductively coupled radio frequency plasma (ICRFP) was employed to alter the surface of equiatomic Ni-Ti discs in order to create a barrier to out-diffusion of Ni ions from the bulk material. The ICRFP experiments were carried out with nitrogen, which promoted the formation of a titanium nitride layer on the surface of the Ni-Ti samples. The present paper explores the biocompatibility and performance of the ICRFP treated and untreated Ni-Ti samples. The results confirm that nitrogen plasma modified Ni-Ti alloys are potentially suitable materials for orthopedics without inducing harmful biological effects.","PeriodicalId":396017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Physics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121143484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wesley’s Explanation of Graneau’s Exploding Wires Using Ampère’s Law Questioned by Analysis Based upon Usage of Coulomb’s Law","authors":"J. O. Jonson","doi":"10.5963/JBAP0404001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5963/JBAP0404001","url":null,"abstract":"Wesley supports the claim by Graneau that Ampère’s law is able to account for the phenomenon called ‘Graneau’s exploding wires’. He bases the assumption on the same theoretical model as in an earlier treated case of Ampère’s bridge, where he derives the forces involved within the bridge using Ampère’s law. He also resolves a problem which he claims Graneau has been unable to treat in a satisfactory way: avoiding infinite expressions for the force when two current elements being infinitesimally close to each other are taken into account. Graneau has also assumed the necessity of including a Lorentz force term, in addition to Ampère’s law. The author has, in previous research, proposed Coulomb’s law as responsible for all electromagnetic interaction, thus sidestepping both Ampère’s law and Lorentz’ force law, as in the case of Ampère’s bridge. This method appears to be successfu l also in the case of Graneau’s exploding wires, since the Coulomb force may again be interpreted as in the case of Ampère ś Bridge. As one may conclude from this description, there is deep confusion about which theory is most suitable, and this renders obvious the need for resolving the conflict. The benefit of both Ampère’s law and Coulomb’s law is that they both imply a force component between collinear currents. However, Coulomb’s law is able to predict the breaking of wires, whereas in the case of Ampère’s law, some still unknown factors need to be defined. A study of experiments being performed during the last decade shows that the focus of interest has moved from the theoretical foundations behind wire breaks to studying effects related to the breaks, especially Z-pinch effects. The ruptures of wires are treated more like empirical facts when applying high enough voltage. The consequence of giving credit to Coulomb’s law in this case will also impact other experiments involving electromagnetic forces, due to the universal nature of Coulomb’s law. KeywordsAmpère’s Law, Ampère’s Bridge, Coulomb’s Law, Graneau’s Exploding Wires, Wesley’s Interpretation of Graneau’s Exploding wires, Special Relativity Theory","PeriodicalId":396017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Physics","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132585409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain Transfer of Bonded FBG Sensor for Coal Mining Similar Model","authors":"Guihua Zhang","doi":"10.5963/JBAP0403001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5963/JBAP0403001","url":null,"abstract":"To accurately monitor the strain of a host with low strength, a new strain transfer model is proposed for the substrate FBG sensor. In the strain transfer model, the mechanical properties of the host are taken into consideration. The strain relationship between the fiber core and the host is obtained. The theoretical approach was verified by numerical simulation and experimental results. The influences of the mechanical parameters of the host on the strain transfer are analyzed. It is concluded that the strain transfer rate increases nonlinearly with the increase of the shear modulus of the host. The shear modulus of the host has different influence in different strain ranges; for the low strength host, the mechanical parameters of the host have great influence on the strain transfer rate. These results provide theoretical guidelines for the FBG sensor applications in low strength host. This study proposes an improved strain transfer model of the substrate FBG which is suitable for a coal mining model. From the proposed model, a theoretical formula is derived and used to predict the strain transfer relationship between the coal mining model and the fiber core in consideration of the mechanical properties of the host. Then, a numerical simulation by FEM and practical experiments are conducted to validate the theoretical predictions.","PeriodicalId":396017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130438395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Non-Zero Effective Surface Sources on Negative Index Perfect Lenses","authors":"Weiguo Yang, M. Fiddy","doi":"10.5963/JBAP0403003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5963/JBAP0403003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":396017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Physics","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133930215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Repulsive Force Within Ampère's Bridge Explained by Coulomb's Law and Special Relativity Theory, Taking into Account the Effects of Propagation Delay","authors":"J. O. Jonson","doi":"10.5963/JBAP0403002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5963/JBAP0403002","url":null,"abstract":"It has been previously proved that the repulsive force between the two parts of Ampere's bridge, measured in experiments performed by Pappas and Moyssides, can be explained by Coulomb's law, if the effects of propagation delay are correctly taken into account. Special relativity theory is also necessary to estimate the extent to which it may affect the result. Otherwise it might be unnecessary to involve special relativity theory in the case of DC currents carried by electric conductors, because the velocities of conduction electrons are usually very small compared to the speed of light. However, in this paper, the force between the two parts of Ampere's Bridge has been calculated, taking into account special relativity theory, particularly the Lorentz transformation which brings about a change in the lengths of moving bodies. The result is that the repulsive force between the two parts of Ampere's bridge remains repulsive, displaying dependence on the thickness of the branches, decreasing with increasing thickness. This was also the case when analysis was conducted without taking into account the special relativity theory. In fact, the predictions are in complete agreement with physical measurements.","PeriodicalId":396017,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Applied Physics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126329487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}