{"title":"New difference equation technique for solving nonlinear differential equations","authors":"J. M. Hurt","doi":"10.1145/1464122.1464140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464122.1464140","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss a new mathematical technique for the solution of nonlinear differential equations. The types of equations and nonlinearities presented are those associated with feedback control systems. Originally developed as a method for simulating control systems, the technique was verified during a recent study of complex aircraft design simulations. It is now being used in a man-in-the-loop Gemini spacecraft simulation.","PeriodicalId":395858,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '64 (Spring)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128147707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multicomputer programming for a large scale real-time data processing system","authors":"G. E. Pickering, E. Mutschler, G. A. Erickson","doi":"10.1145/1464122.1464166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464122.1464166","url":null,"abstract":"The multicomputer programming techniques discussed in this paper were conceived and implemented in a large scale tactical data system developed for the U.S. Navy. Many of the details of this system are classified and cannot be discussed here. However, it can be stated that the subject system is a man/machine complex, primarily intended for fleet air defense and surface operations and maneuvering. The objectives of the system are: to provide commanders of forces afloat with a broad picture of the current tactical situation; to assist in directing operations in time to intercept and destroy potential threats; and to present the means to coordinate various weapon systems in a combat environment. These are achieved by automating, to a high degree, the collecting, processing, exchanging, and evaluating of large quantities of data through use of computers and digital data processing techniques.","PeriodicalId":395858,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '64 (Spring)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123529183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computer simulation of human interaction in small groups","authors":"J. Gullahorn, J. E. Gullahorn","doi":"10.1145/1464122.1464132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464122.1464132","url":null,"abstract":"The modern digital computer has made major contributions to sociology in at least two general areas. Because of the computer's high speed and its ability to handle effectively the interrelationships among many and complex variables, we are enabled to perform more sophisticated analyses of data already gathered. For the first time it is possible to deal statistically with social systems as systems. Potentially of even greater benefit is the second contribution---the use of computers to generate data for the purposes of theory testing and development.","PeriodicalId":395858,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '64 (Spring)","volume":"2018 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114779202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time computer studies of bargaining behavior: the effects of threat upon bargaining","authors":"R. Meeker, G. Shure, William H. Moore","doi":"10.1145/1464122.1464133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464122.1464133","url":null,"abstract":"Most behavioral scientists are well aware of computer technology as a means of reducing and otherwise analyzing empirically derived data. A small number have also discovered, and enthusiastically endorsed, the computer's potential for simulation of analytic models. But little has been made of yet another application of computer technology in the behavioral sciences, namely, the use of computers for data acquisition.","PeriodicalId":395858,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '64 (Spring)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121845188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A general-purpose time-sharing system","authors":"J. I. Schwartz, E. Coffman, C. Weissman","doi":"10.1145/1464122.1464163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464122.1464163","url":null,"abstract":"Since June 1963, a Time-Sharing System has been operational at the System Development Corporation in Santa Monica. This system was produced under the sponsorship of ARPA and has utilized ideas developed at both Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, as well as some original techniques. Time-sharing, in this case, means the simultaneous access to a computer by a large number of independent (and/or related) users and programs. The system is also \"general purpose,\" since there is essentially no restriction on the kind of program that it can accommodate. The system has been used for compiling and debugging programs, conducting research, performing calculations, conducting games, and executing on-line programs using both algebraic and list-processing languages.","PeriodicalId":395858,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '64 (Spring)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127949709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information storage and retrieval-analysis of the state of the art","authors":"G. N. Arnovick, J. Liles, J. S. Wood","doi":"10.1145/1464122.1464174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464122.1464174","url":null,"abstract":"Information retrieval, like the weather, stimulates a good deal of verbal clamor and speculation, yet remains vexingly elusive and unmanageable. Hopefully, both the weather and recorded information will eventually prove amenable to some form of human control. In the meantime, there must be a continuing effort to achieve balance in the evolution of the concept and equipment aspects of information storage and retrieval (IS&R). It is reasonable to expect overemphasis on equipment capabilities. The emergence of IS&R as a distinct discipline is largely attributable to the significant advances of modern computer technology.","PeriodicalId":395858,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '64 (Spring)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114652824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some observations concerning large programming efforts","authors":"A. E. Daniels","doi":"10.1145/1464122.1464146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464122.1464146","url":null,"abstract":"The requirement to construct large systems involving both men and computers to assist in the evaluational and decision making processes of command and control leads very quickly to the development of large and complex computer programs. While my own efforts have been largely devoted to the development of detailed computer simulations of strategic air warfare, I have had an opportunity to follow in more or less detail the progress on a few of the command and control systems. The observations which are made here relate to a broad class of computer data systems and certainly apply to the ones evolving in the command and control area.","PeriodicalId":395858,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '64 (Spring)","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123419647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two new direct minimum search procedures for functions of several variables","authors":"Bruno F. W. Witte, W. Holst","doi":"10.1145/1464122.1464142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464122.1464142","url":null,"abstract":"The method can somewhat vaguely be classified as a modified \"steepest descent.\" It is, of course, an iterative procedure. Each cycle, to be iterated on, consists essentially of two parts: in Part I a \"best\" line is found, in Part II an attempt is made to minimize the given function along this line. Thus, each cycle resembles the corresponding cycle in the method of steepest descent. The method of steepest descent differs from our method in the manner in which in Part I the \"best\" line is found. Steepest descent, in fact, implies that this line (let us call it the \"baseline\" from now on) be defined by the starting point for the cycle and the gradient of the function at this starting point, where the starting point, in turn, is the minimum point of the preceding cycle. Well known modifications of the steepest descent are concerned with, for example, baselines restricted to a subspace normal to the preceding baseline, or with different ways of minimizing along a given baseline, or perhaps with the question as to how feasible it is to seek a minimum at all along a given baseline during each cycle before switching to the next baseline.","PeriodicalId":395858,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '64 (Spring)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134462946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some cost contributors to large-scale programs","authors":"B. Nanus, L. Farr","doi":"10.1145/1464122.1464147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464122.1464147","url":null,"abstract":"In the early days of computer technology, only a small handful of highly competent, scientifically-oriented researchers were familiar with the programming arts. In those days, the management of programming effort was only slightly different from the management of other types of research activities. Each project was unique and its probability of success uncertain; experience was severely limited; tools and techniques were custom-built for each job. In the computer field today, despite many thousands of man years of experience in program development, we still tend to plan and to manage as if each program were a unique research project. This is partly due to the immaturity of the field, and partly because we have not yet fully recognized that the similarities between computer programs and their development are far more extensive than the differences between them. We have seen the development of many new tools to make the programmer more effective in his work; we must now ask whether we can develop new tools to make the program manager more effective in planning and organizing his scarce resources of talented manpower and expensive computer time.","PeriodicalId":395858,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '64 (Spring)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128052013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of a computer to evaluate computers","authors":"D. J. Herman, F. C. Ihrer","doi":"10.1145/1464122.1464161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464122.1464161","url":null,"abstract":"The complex problem of evaluating and selecting the optimum systems approach for the optimum computer to solve a particular data processing problem, has plagued management since the time that computers came into use for business and scientific data processing.","PeriodicalId":395858,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '64 (Spring)","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131852713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}