Sociological Theory and Methods最新文献_第2页

A Generative Model for Income and Capital Inequality 收入和资本不平等的生成模型

Sociological Theory and Methods Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.11218/OJJAMS.31.242

Hiroshi Hamada

{"title":"A Generative Model for Income and Capital Inequality","authors":"Hiroshi Hamada","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.31.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.31.242","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to formalize a generative model for income and capital inequality by focusing on the accumulation process of human and network capital. Using this model, we attempt to provide theoretical explanations to three empirical questions. First, why is the relationship between economic growth and income inequality expressed as an inverted U-curve? Second, why does societal relative deprivation increase when economic growth rises (the so-called China puzzle)? Third, why is income inequality stable despite the reduction of human capital inequality? The model assumes that people in a society experience repeatedly random chances of gaining capital interest with a success probability p . People gain additional capital as an interest when they succeed and incur a cost when they fail randomly. We show that the capital distribution approaches a lognormal distribution, and as an output of Cobb–Douglas production function, income distribution is also subject to a lognormal distribution. Analyzing the Gini coefficient and the average income as a function of parameters of the model, we derive the following implications. 1) The inverted U-curve is realized by the expansion of success chance. 2) The China puzzle occurs because the increase of average income and Gini coefficient are simultaneously followed by the expansion of success probability p under the range p ∈ (0,0.5). 3) The income inequality is stable, though human capital inequality decreases because of human and network capital elasticity and network capital diminishes the impact of human capital equalization on income inequality. In Section 4, we conclude the study and outline areas for further studies.","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"29 1","pages":"242-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83703681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Review of Survey Data-Collection Modes: 调查数据收集模式综述:

Sociological Theory and Methods Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.11218/OJJAMS.30.185

Thomas W. Smith, Jibum Kim

引用次数: 4

An Empirical Investigation of Relationships between Junior High School Students' Family Socioeconomic Status, Parental Involvement, and Academic Performance in Japan 日本初中生家庭社会经济地位、父母参与与学业成绩关系的实证研究

Sociological Theory and Methods Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.11218/OJJAMS.29.147

Ryoji Matsuoka

{"title":"An Empirical Investigation of Relationships between Junior High School Students' Family Socioeconomic Status, Parental Involvement, and Academic Performance in Japan","authors":"Ryoji Matsuoka","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.29.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.29.147","url":null,"abstract":"U.S. studies on parental involvement (PI) indicate that parenting practices vary by families’ socioeconomic status (SES) (e.g., Lareau 2003) and that different degrees of PI differentiate students’ academic achievement (e.g., Hill and Tyson 2009); PI differences based on parents’ SES are considered one source of the achievement gap. While some scholars (e.g., Honda 2008) address this critical topic in Japanese society, existing studies using regional and/or retrospective data without a rigorous indicator of students’ academic abilities fall short of investigating relationships between students’ family SES, the degree of PI, and their achievement at one of the most important stages of education: compulsory education. This study is therefore intended to empirically investigate these relationships by analyzing nationally representative data of Japanese eighth-grade students. This study’s results indicate that (1) higher SES parents tend to more frequently ask their children what they study in school; (2) the school-level PI indicator is not equally distributed socioeconomically, and School SES relates to the degree of PI in school activities; and (3) the degree of PI and school PI in school activities are associated with students’ mathematics achievement. Contrary to expectations, however, PI mediates small parts of SES effects, especially at the student level; only some of the relationships between SES, PI, and achievement are verified empirically.","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"50 1","pages":"147-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90621053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Evolutionary game analysis of rural rebuilding: The synergy of social innovators and cooperators 乡村重建的演化博弈分析:社会创新者与合作者的协同效应

Sociological Theory and Methods Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.11218/OJJAMS.29.293

Shimpei Koike, Y. Nakai

引用次数: 0

Emergence and Persistence of Communities 社区的出现和持续

Sociological Theory and Methods Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.11218/OJJAMS.27.299

S. Horiuchi

引用次数: 2

Competitive Targeted Marketing and Technology Diffusion 竞争性目标营销与技术扩散

Sociological Theory and Methods Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.11218/OJJAMS.27.277

Hang-Hyun Jo, Jeong‐Yoo Kim

引用次数: 0

Class Awareness in Japan and the U. S. 日本和美国的阶级意识。

Sociological Theory and Methods Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.11218/OJJAMS.27.205

T. Kikkawa, Sho Fujihara

引用次数: 4

Myerson Value and Betweenness Centrality in Communication Games 沟通游戏中的迈尔森价值与中介中心性

Sociological Theory and Methods Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.11218/OJJAMS.27.131

Jeong‐Yoo Kim

引用次数: 3

Conceptual and Methodological Innovations in Research into Educational Inequalities 教育不平等研究的概念和方法创新

Sociological Theory and Methods Pub Date : 2011-06-17 DOI: 10.11218/OJJAMS.26.197

N. Simonová, T. Katrňák

引用次数: 5

Educational Expansion and Inequality of Educational Opportunity::Taiwan and Japan 教育扩张与教育机会不平等:台湾与日本

Sociological Theory and Methods Pub Date : 2011-04-01 DOI: 10.11218/OJJAMS.26.179

S. Tsai, N. Kanomata

{"title":"Educational Expansion and Inequality of Educational Opportunity::Taiwan and Japan","authors":"S. Tsai, N. Kanomata","doi":"10.11218/OJJAMS.26.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11218/OJJAMS.26.179","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines whether and how educational expansion affects inequality of educational opportunity, focusing on the two hypotheses which argue that educational expansion transforms class inequality through saturation of education. Under the condition that a level of education approaches nearly saturation, the MMI hypothesis claims class inequality in attaining the level of education begins to decrease and the EMI hypothesis maintains class inequality over types within the level of education emerges. Taiwan and Japan showed similarity in educational system, but education in Taiwan has expanded more drastically than that in Japan. To test the hypotheses, utilizing their different time point in appearance of saturation caused by the respective pace of expansion, we present the expectations on changes in class inequality for the two countries. The result of analysis using survey data collected in each country is more consistent with the MMI rather than the EMI. Class inequality in attaining levels of education persisted until approaching saturation, but reduced in attaining senior high school education in Japan when this level of education reached saturation. Class inequality in attaining university education rather than junior college over types of higher education emerged clearly corresponding to approaching saturation in Taiwan but appeared in Japan before saturation. The result also indicates that educational expansion urges the transformation of class inequality and gender inequality through respective process. Educational expansion leads to reduction of gender inequality in attaining levels of education irrespective of rapidity and saturation of expansion and without interaction by class and gender in both countries, but hardly erodes gender-specific educational paths institutionalized by gender norm or preference preserved in Japan.","PeriodicalId":39496,"journal":{"name":"Sociological Theory and Methods","volume":"17 1","pages":"179-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84910841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9