Marine Fisheries Review最新文献

{"title":"Interpreting Early Species Range Descriptions for Pacific Salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., in Coastal California Watersheds: The Historical Context","authors":"B. Spence","doi":"10.7755/mfr.81.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7755/mfr.81.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists and managers implementing endangered species laws often face the task of defining the historical geographic ranges for threatened and endangered species. To do so, they commonly turn to the writings of early biologists seeking accounts of species in regions where they may have been extirpated as a result of anthropogenic activities over the last 150–175 years. In the case of Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., the writings of David Starr Jordan, Charles Henry Gilbert, John Otterbein Snyder, and other faculty and staff at Stanford University during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s have been particularly influential, as these scientists were widely recognized as the leading authorities on west coast fishes and salmonids in particular. Because of the tremendous achievements of these pioneering ichthyologists, scientists and others have often taken these early range descriptions at face value, without critically examining the underlying historical context. When Jordan and his contemporaries first began writing about the ranges of Pacific salmon, scientific exploration of coastal watersheds of California was in its infancy. Additionally, the taxonomy and nomenclature of Pacific salmonids were in states of extreme disarray, with numerous putative species described based on variations due to age, sex, and reproductive condition. Even after Jordan and Gilbert began to resolve Pacific salmon taxonomy in the 1880’s, confusion in nomenclature, exacerbated by a primitive understanding of Pacific salmon life histories, contributed to frequent misidentification of west coast salmonids and hence inaccurate descriptions of their historical freshwater spawning rangtablished viability criteria for each listed DPS or ESU, and development of recovery plans for these listed units. Likewise, historical information on the freshwater distribution of Pacific salmon influenced delineation of essential fish habitat under the Magnuson Act (PFMC, 1999). Misidentification of historical salmonid habitats can have important ramifications. On one hand, failure to accurately identify a portion of a species’ natural range could result in underestimation of habitat loss and lead to inadequate protection of habitats that may be important to the longterm recovery, persistence, evolution, or sustained production of an ESU or DPS. Conversely, incorrectly concluding that a species occupied a watershed or region when it did not could lead to costly recovery efforts and restrictions on human activities in watersheds where the likelihood of naturally sustaining populations is negligible. Consequently, assessing the historical es. Further confounding interpretation of early reports is that the first systematic explorations of coastal watersheds took place well after significant anthropogenic damage to salmon habitats had already occurred; thus, failure to detect species on these surveys does not necessarily indicate a species was absent, either at the time of the survey or in the ","PeriodicalId":39440,"journal":{"name":"Marine Fisheries Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48241659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diary of an Ardent Naturalist: Letters from Austin H. Clark to his Wife from the 1906 Research Cruise of the Steamer Albatross","authors":"D. Pawson, D. Pawson","doi":"10.7755/MFR.80.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7755/MFR.80.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39440,"journal":{"name":"Marine Fisheries Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42932949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Condition of the Sasaki/Albatross Cephalopod Collection at the U.S. National Museum of Natural History","authors":"James F. Peyla, C. Roper, M. Sweeney, M. Vecchione","doi":"10.7755/MFR.80.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7755/MFR.80.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Sasaki collection at the United States National Museum of Natural History (USNM) comprises cephalopods examined by Madoka Sasaki following the 1906 expedition in the northwest Pacific Ocean of the U.S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross. Over a century after this expedition, the specimens in this collection were recurated, their condition was assessed, and the type specimens were photographed. This collection nominally includes 58 type specimens in 21 taxa (species or subspecies). In the type collection, there was 1 specimen in Very Good condition, 24 Good specimens, 19 Fair specimens, 4 Poor specimens, 2 Very Poor specimens, 6 lots On Loan, and 2 lots known previously not to be extant. Therefore, of the types, 43% are in Good or better condition, and less than a 20% are in Poor condition or worse. In addition to the type specimens, Sasaki identified 323 nontype specimens in 42 taxa. In the non-type collection, there were 42 Very Good specimens, 196 Good specimens, 37 Fair specimens, 10 Poor specimens, 9 Very Poor specimens, 3 Empty Jar lots, 19 Missing lots, 1 Not Extant lot, and 6 Not Cataloged lots. Therefore, the majority of the specimens (61%) in the Sasaki non-type collection are in Good condition and less than 15% are Poor, Very Poor, Empty Jars, Missing, Not Extant, or Not Cataloged. These final four categories, explained in the paper, comprise 29 non-type specimens in 16 taxa listed in Sasaki’s taxonomic publications but not currently found in the USNM collections. bers begin with USNM) at the Smithsonian Institution, now known as the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). In 2015, the triennial meeting of the Cephalopod International Advisory Council (CIAC) included a workshop on the taxonomic work of Sasaki. In preparation for the workshop, this project recurated and assessed the condition of the specimens in the Sasaki collection at NMNH and photographically documented the type specimens from this collection, in accordance with the Smithsonian’s goal of digitizing large portions of the NMNH Invertebrate Zoology collection. Materials and Methods All of the Sasaki specimens from the wet and dry mollusk collections at NMNH and its Museum Support Center were examined, as were loan records. The Sasaki wet specimens are preserved in 50% isopropyl alcohol; the alcohol in jars was topped off or changed out completely in jars where the alcohol had become discolored. Figure 1.—Madoka Sasaki, who first identified the cephalopod specimens of the 1906 expedition of the U.S. Steamer Albatross in the northwestern Pacific Ocean; his identifications, published in 1917, 1920, and 1929, included newlydescribed species. (Undated image, courtesy of Tsunemi Kubodera, Ian Gleadall, and Yasunori Sakurai). Gaskets and jars were replaced if the lots were losing (or at risk of losing) alcohol through evaporation. All type specimens were photographed (along with a few lots containing non-type specimens). For each lot, photographs were taken of the labels, of al","PeriodicalId":39440,"journal":{"name":"Marine Fisheries Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49577818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Octocoral Fishery in the Southeastern U.S. and Gulf of Mexico","authors":"M. Chiappone, Paola G. Espitia, L. Rutten, S. Miller","doi":"10.7755/MFR.80.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7755/MFR.80.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"−Octocorals, also known as gorgonians and soft corals, were previously managed by the U.S. South Atlantic (SAFMC) and Gulf of Mexico (GMFMC) Fishery Management Councils through a joint Coral Fishery Management Plan (FMP). Because octocorals are mostly collected from Florida waters, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) is currently tasked with managing octocoral collection, including the monitoring of colony landings, in the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ) adjacent to Florida. Collection of 70,000 colonies per year total, which applies to both state and EEZ waters off Florida, is permitted under Rule 68B42.006 of the Florida Administrative Code, but has never been exceeded according to available landings data. Before octocoral management responsibility was transferred to the State of Florida, the SAFMC was concerned that octocoral landings data, as opposed to population data, were being used to set Acceptable Biological Catch limits and Overfishing limits under the new Federal fishery management standards. An additional concern with the octocoral fishery and other organisms captured for the marine aquarium and ornamental fisheries is that large taxonomic groups are lumped together, including species with potentially different life histories and ecological functions. This study assessed some of the characteristics of the octocoral fishery by evaluating FWC Trip Ticket data, conducting interviews with octocoral collectors, and analyzing octocoral life history information and available fishery-independent data on population densities and sizes. Based on interviews with collectors, a synthesis of trip ticket results, and population abundance estimates, the long-term stability of the octocoral fishery is not likely to change significantly. The social dynamics of the aquarium industry to seek colorful, rare, and exotic marine species for home aquaria places octocorals at the lower end of the list of desired species. Octocoral distribution and abundance information obtained from an extensive search of the literature, along with available age, growth, and habitat data, suggests that current information is comprehensive and definitive, such that stock assessment or population dynamic modeling could be considered but are probably not required to assess the status of collected octocoral species. For multiple sampling periods, over a decadal period (1999–09) in the Florida Keys, where most octocoral collection occurs, abundance estimates presented for 15 species illustrate that population sizes are large (tens of millions to hundreds of millions of colonies, per species) and abundance is stable or increasing. For example, the numbers of colonies collected in the Florida Keys in two of the collector categories represented < 0.004% of the estimated population sizes. The collectors and aquarium hobbyists interviewed stated that they would welcome and use a field guide to help with octocoral identification, which would ultimately provide bett","PeriodicalId":39440,"journal":{"name":"Marine Fisheries Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48744022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Fishing: Dream or Disaster","authors":"Megan Rodden, C. Fowler","doi":"10.7755/MFR.80.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7755/MFR.80.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"A team of European scientists recently raised concerns regarding the potential of harvesting biomass from mesopelagic ecosystems to help sustain the growing human population. They cite research showing that there may be up to 10 billion metric tons of pelagic biomass comprised of species in numerous taxonomic groups living at depths typically between 300 and 800 m—resources infrequently harvested commercially but with both benefits and risks to being harvested. They stressed the need for sustainable harvests, partly to avoid compromising the needs of future generations. They also stressed the need for further assessment, a more holistic understanding of the dynamics of deep-sea communities, and the need to consider the consequences of such harvests. In this paper, we join this team of scientists in being precautionary—especially in bringing holism to decision making. We take advantage of holistically normative natural patterns for guidance to avoid abnormal consequences of harvesting mesopelagic biomass—consequences involving systems such as other species, marine ecosystems, the marine environment, and the biosphere to include the sustainability of such systems themselves. This involves addressing questions such as “In comparison to other species, would harvesting mesopelagic resources involve abnormality in the depths at which humans harvest from the marine environment?” or “In comparison to other species, would harvesting mesopelagic resources contribute to abnormality in the total harvest currently taken by humans in the marine environment?” We consider other aspects of the human presence and influence on our planet and address observed abnormality as it would be influenced by mesopelagic harvests. Our approach takes advantage of hodepths greater than observed for most conventional fisheries (e.g., Norse et al., 2012; St. John et al., 2016). The mesopelagic zone (roughly 200–1,000 m in depth) is often characterized by a fish community including many species of Myctophiids (lanternfish) as well as other fish and invertebrates— often small-bodied species (e.g., krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica). The overall complexity with which we are confronted in their evolutionary and ecological interactions is beyond conventional treatment (e.g., see: Merrie et al., 2018); the lack of holism in conventional approaches to management is pervasive. St. John et al. (2016) cite previous work to indicate that there may be as much as 10 billion metric tons of biomass in mesopelagic communities that could potentially be harvested to help guarantee “sustainable development for our growing human population.” Without considering the lack of listic information important to any aspect of management, and especially harvesting resources. This is information about the participation in complex natural systems by other species. We begin by examining the abnormality that would be involved in taking resources at the depths where mesopelagic communities are observed to occur—to","PeriodicalId":39440,"journal":{"name":"Marine Fisheries Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45389055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic Noise and the Endangered Cook Inlet Beluga Whale, Delphinapterus leucas: Acoustic Considerations for Management","authors":"M. Castellote, Bruce J. Thayre, Michael J. Mahoney, Jeffrey Mondragon, M. Lammers, R. Small","doi":"10.7755/MFR.80.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7755/MFR.80.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39440,"journal":{"name":"Marine Fisheries Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49318001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Distribution of Fishing Revenues Among North Pacific Regions and Communities","authors":"Christopher M. Anderson, Jennifer Meredith, R. Felthoven, M. Fey","doi":"10.7755/MFR.80.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7755/MFR.80.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Our study uses data on vessel ownership and residency to link the earnings from North Pacific fisheries to the individual communities, cities, and states in which harvesters live and likely spend much of their fishing returns. We provide perspective on which fishing fleets generate the greatest revenues, describe the geographic location of vessel and quota owners in these fisheries, and analyze changes in the distribution of fisheries revenues over the past decade in response to new management initiatives. We examine trends in fishery diversification for fishing communities within regions and across population size. Our results suggest greater complexity than some of the literature and stakeholder sentiment which argue that limited access and catch share programs cause small fishing-dependent communities to lose revenue. Using data from 2004 to 2013, we find no consistent trend of revenue or transfer of vessels from rural Alaska to Seattle, nor revenue conWe also provide a detailed accounting of where the earnings from federally managed fisheries off Alaska flow. It provides a new and unique perspective on which fishing fleets generate the greatest revenues, describes the geographic location of vessel and quota owners in these fisheries, and analyzes various dimensions along which the distribution of fisheries revenues may have changed over the past decade in response to new management initiatives. We examine trends in fishery diversification within regions and across population size groups for fishing communities. Since passage of the MagnusonStevens Fishery Management and Conservation Act in 1976, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council (Council) has actively managed most of the fisheries occurring in federal waters off the coast of Alaska, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Commerce. North Pacific fisheries have a strong record of sustainable management and were among the first U.S. fisheries to adopt management programs that utilized individual fishing quotas and cooperatives (hereafter “catch shares”) with an objective to end the race for fish, and achieve economic and social goals (NPFMC, solidation away from smaller towns toward larger cities. We find that some regions are increasingly concentrated and reliant on the revenue generating capacity of a smaller vessel fleet. This trend is likely a result of consolidation in the number of harvesting operations. We also discuss the set of factors specific to management programs in the North Pacific that may have limited spatio-temporal revenue redistribution across community size or region following rationalization.","PeriodicalId":39440,"journal":{"name":"Marine Fisheries Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42828971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A History of Research to Develop Guidance Systems to Divert Juvenile Salmonids, Oncorhynchus spp., from Turbines at Federal Hydroelectric Dams on the Mainstem Columbia and Snake Rivers, U.S.A.","authors":"John G. Williams, M. H. Gessel","doi":"10.7755/MFR.80.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7755/MFR.80.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39440,"journal":{"name":"Marine Fisheries Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46009362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exempted Testing of Deep-set Buoy Gear and Concurrent Research Trials on Swordfish, Xiphias gladius, in the Southern California Bight","authors":"C. Sepulveda, S. Aalbers","doi":"10.7755/MFR.80.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7755/MFR.80.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Research and exempted fishery trials were performed off the U.S. west coast using deep-set buoy gear (DSBG), an artisanal gear type designed to target swordfish, Xiphias gladius, below the thermocline during the day. All trials were performed within the Southern California Bight (SCB) under an exempted fishery permit (EFP) recommended by the Pacific Fisheries Management Council (PFMC) and authorized by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Six cooperative fishermen were outfitted with uniform gear sets and performed 344 standardized deployments (10 individual buoys deployed for 8 h) which produced 2,795 buoy soak hours. The collective catch resulted in a marketable catch rate of ~97%. Swordfish comprised >80% of the total catch, with 611 individuals harvested over the two seasons of the EFP. Bigeye thresher sharks, Alopias superciliosus, were the second most common species totaling ~16% of the EFP catch. The average daily swordfish catch rate was 1.75 swordfish/8-h set and varied by year and cooperative vessel. Catch rates and composition were similar to previous and erations, with the latter two fisheries only occurring in a few select locations (Hanan et al., 1993; Coan et al., 1998; Ward et al., 2000). Although swordfish are more accessible near the surface at night, this time and depth also results in high spatial overlap with nontarget species (Beverly and Robinson, 2004; Gilman et al., 2006; Sepulveda et al., 2014). In particular, shallow-set swordfish fisheries have been routinely scrutinized by conservation groups for their lack of selectivity and high incidence of interaction with species of special conservation concern (i.e., sea turtles, marine mammals, and sea birds; Gilman et al., 2007). Within the exclusive economic zone off California ( CA EEZ), the primary gear type used to harvest swordfish is the California drift gillnet (DGN), a technique that has received regulatory scrutiny over its lack of selectivity and past history of interactions with species of special concern (i.e., marine mammals and sea turtles; Carretta et al., 2004). Over the past three decades, the DGN fleet has declined to historic lows in participation, landings, and revenue, with recent interactions with protected species threatening further concurrent research findings and contrasted shallow-set nocturnal buoy gear experiments performed during the same seasons. Nocturnal shallow-set research trials performed adjacent to EFP activities revealed low target (~9% swordfish) and high (>80%) non-marketable catch. Juvenile blue sharks, Prionace glauca, made up >76% of the total nocturnal catch. Collective DSBG trials to date suggest that daytime deep-setting within the SCB may provide an additional opportunity for west coast fishermen to access a domestic resource.","PeriodicalId":39440,"journal":{"name":"Marine Fisheries Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48484842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Distribution of Fishing Revenues Among North Pacific Regions and Communities: supplemental graphs for individual fleets","authors":"Christopher M. Anderson, Jennifer Meredith, R. Felthoven, M. Fey","doi":"10.7755/mfr.80.2.1s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7755/mfr.80.2.1s","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39440,"journal":{"name":"Marine Fisheries Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43803920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}