Rocks and Minerals最新文献

{"title":"The Presmyks, Les and Paula: Arizona’s Luminary Mineral Collectors","authors":"A. Schauss","doi":"10.1080/00357529.2023.2126703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2023.2126703","url":null,"abstract":"P AND LES PRESMYK started dating as seniors at Cortez High School in Phoenix, Arizona. It was not until 1978 that they stumbled upon evidence of their first meeting, which occurred when they decided to take a trip to Mexico. To visit Mexico, they needed proof of birth in the United States to obtain a passport. Their parents provided them each with their hospital-issued birth certificate. Looking over the information on each certificate they were stunned to discover that they not only were born just seven hours apart from each other but also in the same hospital, Phoenix General! This remarkable discovery, like so many that followed, helped create a partnership and enduring marriage that has flourished for fifty-two years, forty-six of which as a mutually supportive married couple that included a decades long passion for minerals. I first met Paula and Les in 1982 at the Desert Inn Mineral Show in Tucson, then one of the most important satellite shows for mineral collectors that preceded the opening of the four-day Tucson Gem & Mineral Society (TGMS) Show, now held at the Tucson Convention Center. What immediately struck me was their warmth and engaging willingness to share information about the specimens they offered in their hotel room, including numerous fine Arizona minerals, particularly choice thumbnail calcites, and pyrites collected in the Magma mine in Superior. It turned out that Les had been working at the mine since 1976, soon after earning his bachelor’s degree in mining engineering from the University of Arizona. Paula earned her bachelor’s degree in biological sciences from the same school in 1974. Within a year after graduating, she secured a position at Miami Copper Operations’ assay and metallurgical laboratory in Arizona, a subsidiary of Cities Service Company. Within seven years she became the assistant head assayer at the Magma Copper Company’s mine in Superior, where Les worked. As their interest in minerals evolved they started a parttime mineral dealership called De Natura in 1977, named after the second of Agricola’s books, De Natura Fossilium, a work that had been translated into English by Mark and Jean Bandy in 1955. They became good friends with Jean Bandy during the 1970s and even helped pack and transfer the Bandy’s collection when it was donated to the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. De Natura’s logo was designed by Wendell Wilson, a talented artist and now editor/publisher of the Mineralogical Record. Arizona’s Luminary Mineral Collectors","PeriodicalId":39438,"journal":{"name":"Rocks and Minerals","volume":"98 1","pages":"84 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44441682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Word to the Wise: Coordination","authors":"J. Rakovan","doi":"10.1080/00357529.2023.2126706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2023.2126706","url":null,"abstract":"One of the fundamental aspects of crystal structures, on the local scale, is the coordination of individual atoms or ions. Coordination is the number of neighboring atoms that are bonded to the atom of interest. Because the arrangement of these coordinating or bonded atoms is regular throughout a structure, the geometry of coordination is also an important feature. The centers of the coordinating atoms can be used to define the geometry of a coordination polyhedron. The focus of the lead article in this issue of Rocks & Minerals is silicates, or silicate minerals (Heaney 2023), and the fundamental structural unit of all silicates is the coordination polyhedron composed of four oxygen ions bonded to a central silicon, the geometry of which can be described by a tetrahedron. Thus, the coordination number (of the Si) is four, and the coordination geometry is tetrahedral. Let’s use the structure of the most abundant silicate mineral in Earth’s crust, quartz, to illustrate the concepts behind coordination. Figure 1 is a rendering of the quartz structure in which the Si and O ions are drawn to scale for their measured ionic radii. The O ions are dark blue; the Si ions (not seen in the drawing) are light blue. In this image the much larger O ions block your view of Si ions below them. This type of rendering is often called space-filling and is the most accurate depiction of the structure if you could image it by some type of microscopy. Every Si ion in the structure is bonded to (coordinated by) four O ions. Because we are using drawings, rather than microscopic images of a real crystal, we can create any type of rendering CO O R D I N AT I O N","PeriodicalId":39438,"journal":{"name":"Rocks and Minerals","volume":"98 1","pages":"99 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49528677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who's Who in Mineral Names: Tucson Collector James “Jim” Archer McGlasson (b. 1948)","authors":"B. Cairncross, Jaco J. van Nieuwenhuizen, X. Gu, Hexiong Yang","doi":"10.1080/00357529.2023.2126704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2023.2126704","url":null,"abstract":"J A. McGlasson was born in 1948 and has had a multifaceted career in the earth sciences spanning more than fifty years. A consummate field geologist and mineral enthusiast, he obtained his bachelor’s degree in geology from the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in 1971 and followed with a master’s degree in geology from the Colorado School of Mines in 1976. Prior to obtaining his first degree, he worked for the Kerr-McGee Corporation in the late 1960s as an underground shift geologist at various mines in the Ambrosia Lake area, New Mexico, and followed this in 1970 with several months of field mapping and surveying at the Battle Mountain, Nevada, porphyry copper mine. After completing his studies at the Colorado School of Mines, McGlasson held various positions including exploration geologist, mine manager, and geological consultant, working on mineral deposits both within the United States and internationally. From 1973 until 2013, he worked for several companies in several countries. In the United States, he spent time in Nevada, Montana, Oregon, Alaska, and BRUCE CAIRNCROSS Department of Geology University of Johannesburg PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa brucec@uj.ac.za","PeriodicalId":39438,"journal":{"name":"Rocks and Minerals","volume":"98 1","pages":"94 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45380116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connoisseur’s Choice: Ferruginous Quartz, Tinejdad, Errachidia Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco","authors":"C. Francis, David Ziga","doi":"10.1080/00357529.2023.2126699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2023.2126699","url":null,"abstract":"Q like many minerals is allochromatic, meaning that it occurs in a wide variety of colors. In contrast, idiochromatic minerals such as azurite, realgar, and sulfur possess a characteristic color. The most common color varieties of quartz—amethyst and smoky quartz—are caused by the chromophores iron and aluminum that substitute for silicon atoms in the quartz structure. Other color varieties—prominently rose quartz (Clifford 2012)—are colored by mineral inclusions. The color, size, and boldness of the ferruginous quartz specimen featured here as figure 1 prompted preparation of this column. Quartz, more precisely known as alpha-quartz or low quartz, is the common, low-temperature, and low-pressure polymorph of silica, SiO2. It typically occurs as colorless to smoky formless grains in many igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock types. Quartz has a Mohs hardness of 7 and is very resistant to chemical attack, so it survives weathering and is the principal component of sand and other sediments. Quartz can be pure silica; as such, it ideally is colorless and transparent with a vitreous luster. Amethyst, chrysoprase, citrine, rose quartz, sard, and smoky quartz are varietal names based on color. Its high hardness, attractive colors, and abundance make quartz an important gem mineral. Quartz crystallizes in the trigonal trapezohedral class (32) of the trigonal crystal system. This crystal class lacks a center of symmetry, so the inherent piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of quartz make it useful in electronics. This class is also enantiomorphous, i.e., quartz occurs as either right-handed or left-handed crystals (which are mirror images of each other) due to a spiral in its atomic arrangement. Crystals are common and may reach more than 10 meters in length (Rickwood 1981; Rykart 1995).","PeriodicalId":39438,"journal":{"name":"Rocks and Minerals","volume":"98 1","pages":"44 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45436709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mastering the Art of Silicate Mineralogy","authors":"P. Heaney","doi":"10.1080/00357529.2023.2126697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2023.2126697","url":null,"abstract":"The Chemistry of Earth’s Crust Even by the extravagant standards of the nineteenth century, Frank Wigglesworth Clarke (1847–1931) (fig. 1) exhibited a startling passion for the tabulation of scientific measurements. He served for more than four decades as chief chemist with the U.S. Geological Survey, simultaneously acting as honorary curator of minerals for the Smithsonian (Schaller 1931; Dennis 1932). His legacy of more than three hundred papers includes five editions of his signature work, The Data of Geochemistry, an exhaustive anthology of the compositions of lake, river, spring, and ocean waters, volcanic gases, molten magmas, minerals, metallic ores, hydrocarbons, and igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks—exceeding 800 pages by the final version (Clarke 1924). His output also comprises The Constants of Nature (Clarke 1873), Weights, Measures, and Money of All Nations (Clarke 1877), A Recalculation of the Atomic Weights (Clarke 1910), and—perhaps not surprising for a person who seemed most at ease with numbers—How to Play Solitaire (Clarke 1870). Clarke was much honored in his lifetime, and today he is esteemed for a particularly daring calculation—the earliMastering the Art of","PeriodicalId":39438,"journal":{"name":"Rocks and Minerals","volume":"98 1","pages":"8 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48543494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celebrating The Big Find (Fifty Years Later) at the Tucson Gem and Mineral Show","authors":"Maggie Kroenke","doi":"10.1080/00357529.2023.2126702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2023.2126702","url":null,"abstract":"on the eastern slopes of Plumbago Mountain in Newry, Maine, the largest single discovery of gem-quality tourmaline in North America was unearthed—more than a ton in all. This discovery sent shockwaves throughout Maine and around the mineral world. Never had such a large quantity of world-class tourmaline been found from a single locality in North America. Located in the mountainous region of Oxford County, Plumbago Mountain has a long history of mineral exploration. The International Paper Company purchased the land in the late 1890s and leased it many times, presumably for mining and not for timber operations. The Dunton quarry was named after Hollis Dunton, one of the first to lease the property. Although Maine tourmaline was used by jewelry producers (most notably Tiffany & Co.) at the turn of the twentieth century, pegmatite mining in Maine was more focused on MAGGIE KROENKE Maine Mineral & Gem Museum 99 Main Street Bethel, Maine 04217 mkroenke@mainemineralmuseum.org","PeriodicalId":39438,"journal":{"name":"Rocks and Minerals","volume":"98 1","pages":"78 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44295621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet Directory for the Earth Sciences","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00357529.2023.2126714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2023.2126714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39438,"journal":{"name":"Rocks and Minerals","volume":"98 1","pages":"106 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Where of Mineral Names: Todorokite, Todoroki Mine, Yoichi District, Shiribeshi Subprefecture, Hokkaidō Prefecture, Japan","authors":"B. Cairncross","doi":"10.1080/00357529.2022.2087155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.2087155","url":null,"abstract":"When it comes to aesthetic specimens, todorokite does not readily spring to mind. Even though a widespread, common mineral, it is not seen in many collections. Mindat.org lists no fewer than 465 localities. Some of these are seafloor nodules found in the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and the Red Sea, where todorokite is the “principal manganese oxide in deep sea manganese nodules” (Anthony et al. 1997, p. 569). But not all todorokite specimens are dull and unappealing. The yellow and black concretionary todorokite-birnessite specimens found on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, Calvert County, Maryland, are not only attractive, but they are also scientifically interesting biominerals (https://www.irocks.com/chesapeakebiominerals-hazen-article; accessed May 2022). Todorokite, together with other manganese derivatives, can be a product of fungal and bacterial activity (de la Torre and Gomez-Alarcon 1994; Burford, Kierans, and Gadd 2003; Frankel and Bazylinski 2003); it is also a component of some dendrites and rock varnish (McKeown and Post 2001). Todorokite (fig. 2), (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x (Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3–4H2O, is a hydrated Figure 1. Map of Japan showing the location of the Todoroki mine on Hokkaido Island; prepared by William Besse.","PeriodicalId":39438,"journal":{"name":"Rocks and Minerals","volume":"97 1","pages":"570 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49237056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet Directory for the Earth Sciences","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00357529.2022.2087159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.2087159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39438,"journal":{"name":"Rocks and Minerals","volume":"97 1","pages":"581 - 582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47770121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connoisseur’s Choice: Malachite Pseudomorphs after Azurite—Part 2: Milpillas, Mexico and Other Worldwide Localities","authors":"P. Megaw, Evan A. Jones, B. Cairncross, Malcolm Southwood","doi":"10.1080/00357529.2022.2087150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.2087150","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomorphs of malachite after azurite are reasonably common in nature and are highly sought-after by mineral collectors; a tendency for sharp preservation of the original azurite habit coupled with strong, bright colors makes for attractive specimens. In Part 1 of this article, Southwood and Cairncross (2022) featured pseudomorphs of malachite after azurite from two classic localities, Bisbee, Arizona, and the Tsumeb mine in Namibia, and discussed aspects of the replacement mechanism on the scale of individual crystals. The featured locality for Part 2 (with an expanded author base) is the Milpillas mine, Sonora, Mexico, which, as noted previously, sets the modern benchmark for fine specimens of these replacements. Across the U.S. border in Arizona, a number of localities besides Bisbee have","PeriodicalId":39438,"journal":{"name":"Rocks and Minerals","volume":"97 1","pages":"534 - 555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46005206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}