Medical Journal of Malaysia最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of dexmedetomidine in postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.","authors":"T Subramaniam, H Y Tan, J H Tan, J W Pung, H Htet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common side effect of all types of surgeries, especially so in bariatric surgery. Dexmedetomidine (DX) is an α2-agonist that may be useful as an adjunct prophylactic medication for PONV. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of DX in reducing the incidence and severity of PONV in laparoscopic bariatric surgeries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Databases were searched for articles with the determined MESH terms and keywords before February 2022. Identified articles were screened and 13 randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were included in this meta-analysis based on the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from the articles and statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Administration of DX significantly reduced the incidence of PONV and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores for PONV. The outcome was probably due to the intrinsic sympatholytic effect of the medication, reduction of postoperative pain and total postoperative opioid usage. DX showed better efficacy as PONV prophylaxis if the duration of surgery was < 120 minutes. Delivery of DX as a continuous infusion without a loading dose before infusion was found to be effective in reducing PONV compared to infusion after a loading dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Administration of DX can reduce the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. However, further studies are required to investigate the optimal dose of DX as an antiemetic, considering its side effects to increase the applicability of our results in future guidelines for laparoscopic bariatric surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":39388,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","volume":"79 5","pages":"626-645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating disorders among physically disabled national athletes in Malaysia.","authors":"H S Arvinder-Singh, A S Shamsul, N Safian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Eating disorders are becoming a cause of concern amongst athletes in recent times. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of eating disorders amongst physically disabled athletes in Malaysia. Athletes were sampled and screened for eating disorders utilising the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q-for females) and the Eating Disorder Assessment in Males (EDAM-for males).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Athletes were approached individually, and they responded via an online questionnaire. A total of 271 athletes responded (sample needed 269) from the total of 700 athletes (38.7%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the total, 14.4% (n = 39, 95% CI = 10.56-19.28) of the athletes had eating disorders (14.4% of the male athletes and 14.5% of female athletes). The final model of a binary logistic regression was conducted and found that the higher the body weight (AOR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, p = 0.03), the higher the income (AOR: 0.992, 95% CI: 0.990- 0.994, p = 0.02), the more athlete suffered from coaches intimidating behaviours(AOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.33, p = 0.02), a perception of having stress (AOR: 7.61, 95% CI: 1.69-34.39, p = 0.01) and having stress (AOR: 3.70, 95% CI: 1.02-9.68, p = 0.04) were common factors seen in athletes with eating disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>About two in every 10 disabled athletes suffered from eating disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":39388,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","volume":"79 5","pages":"575-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence, risk factors and coping strategies of low back pain among nurses in public hospitals in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"A S Perumal, K Awang Lukman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Healthcare workers are recognised to have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and nursing profession are well known with high prevalence of low back pain (LBP). There is a widespread consensus that low back discomfort is a major contributor to both inabilities to work and illness. Absenteeism is frequently employed as a proxy for the presence of a handicap.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of LBP among nurses in six different wards in three general hospitals in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah as well as the associated workplace risk factors and coping strategies implemented by nurses in ward.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involved 420 nurses from three public hospitals in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, was carried out. The respondents were carefully selected by proportionate stratified random sampling method. Nurses sociodemographic and occupational details, occupational health in nursing practice, seventeen work risk variables and nine coping techniques were collected via a selfadministered questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 420 participants, 57 did not report any discomfort. In the previous 12 months, 44.5% (95.0% CI: 39.74,49.25) of nurses experienced low back discomfort lasting longer than three days. The results of a simple logistic regression analysis revealed that gender and years of working experience were significantly associated with LBP. The department of intensive care unit nurses had the highest OR value of 2.4 (p = 0.03). There were no statistically significant association with age, marital status and body mass index (p > 0.05). Adjusting plinth or bed height (68.4%) was the top coping mechanism cited by respondents in the clinical context to reduce the risk of LBP, and working with perplexed or agitated patients posed the greatest occupational risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LBP is still a major work-related issue among nurses, with a high prevalence rate. To mitigate these impacts, multidisciplinary efforts are required. The outcomes of this study may help policy makers to allocate resources to reduce LBP among nurses.</p>","PeriodicalId":39388,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","volume":"79 5","pages":"584-590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of duodenal eosinophil counts among subjects undergoing diagnostic endoscopy.","authors":"S Mahendra Raj, S Ravindran, L K Hui, M Kaur, M C Braganza, A P Kunnath","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Duodenal eosinophilia has been implicated in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia. In a retrospective observational study, we previously reported that duodenal eosinophilia (as defined by a mucosal count of greater than 15 eosinophils per 5 high power fields), was associated with symptomatic erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), concomitant co-morbidities and Chinese ethnicity but not functional dyspepsia among 289 multiracial subjects undergoing diagnostic endoscopy in 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic. We tested the reproducibility of those findings on a larger sample that included the original cohort and another 221 subjects who underwent endoscopy in 2022 after the easing of pandemic restrictions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Archived duodenal histology slides were assessed by a pathologist blind to demographic and clinical data gleamed retrospectively from clinical chart review. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore associations between duodenal eosinophilia and the variables age, gender, ethnicity, year of sampling (2019 vs 2022), concomitant co-morbidities, functional dyspepsia, symptomatic erosive GERD (Los Angeles Grades A to D), endoscopic oesophagitis, gallstone disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel syndrome and NSAID consumption. Three different thresholds for defining duodenal eosinophilia (>15, >22 and >30 eosinophils per 5 high power fields) were tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Year of sampling (2019, pre-pandemic) strongly predicted duodenal eosinophilia across all thresholds (OR 11.76, 13.11 and 21.41 respectively; p = 0.000). The presence of concomitant co-morbidities was a modest predictor across all thresholds whereas Chinese ethnicity only predicted at the lowest threshold. Absolute duodenal eosinophil counts predicted symptomatic erosive GERD (OR 1.03; p = 0.015) but not functional dyspepsia (OR 1.00; p = 0.896) after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, concomitant comorbidities and year of endoscopy. None of the subjects reached the threshold for the diagnosis of eosinophilic duodenitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cumulative impact of environmental exposures on duodenal eosinophil counts may be much greater than of putative factors linked to functional dyspepsia. A signal linking duodenal eosinophil counts and symptomatic erosive GERD was detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":39388,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","volume":"79 5","pages":"556-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal early surgery timing for congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A systematic review.","authors":"H Poerwosusanta, D Aditia, Gunadi, P G Halim, M Yuliana","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a failure of closure of the pleuro-peritoneal canal due to faulty embryogenesis caused herniation of intra-abdominal contents into the chest. There needs to be more clarity about the optimal surgical timing for CDH. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal surgical timing for CDH using a systematic review analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Our study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. The literature search approach used publications between 2013 and 2023 using Pubmed and SagePub databases. Studies were included if they contained reports of the best timing for emergency surgery for CHD repair. We did not include review articles and unpublished data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five articles met the criteria. The overall result, the first pre-operative 24-hour oxygenation index mean, was temporally reliable and representative (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.61-0.77). Within any severity level, there were no differences in 90-day survival or mortality rate between delayed repair and early repair (p = 0.002). As a result, there is no optimal timing for surgery in severe cases of CDH. A delay in repair did not predict an increased risk of death, nor did it suggest an increased need for post-operative extracorporeal membrane oxygen therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regardless of the severity of the illness, the timing of CDH repair does not affect the mortality rate.Surgery is done after the physiology index achievement.</p>","PeriodicalId":39388,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","volume":"79 Suppl 4","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factor for inappropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics in inguinal hernia repair surgery.","authors":"F Hendrawan, D A A Nugrahningsih, E Purnomo, N A Azdy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are some complications that can arise after surgery, like surgical site infection (SSI). In hernia repair, SSI incidence is low. Hence, the clinical practice guideline (CPG) published by the HerniaSurge Group (THG) does not recommend prophylactic antibiotics for hernia repair. Despite the unnecessary use of prophylactic antibiotics, regarding patient safety, prophylactic antibiotics can be used. However, each hospital has its own CPG and recommended antimicrobials based on the infection cases in its site. Regarding antimicrobial resistances, evaluating prophylactic antibiotics is essential to prevent increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of prophylactic antibiotics in hernia inguinal cases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analytic study used patients' medical records between 2015 to 2020. Demographic data, surgery data and the used antimicrobial data were extracted and written in case report form. Identification of risk factors for inappropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics was done using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 55 inappropriate times of preoperative prophylactic antibiotic therapy cases out of 80 cases and 63 cases in post-operative antibiotics were different from the guideline. Statistical analysis did not find any factor related to inappropriate therapy time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The misuse of prophylactic antibiotics was frequently found regarding the duration of prophylactic antibiotics in both pre- and post-surgery setting. Nonetheless, no risk factor was identified with the inappropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":39388,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","volume":"79 Suppl 4","pages":"58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing sedative and non-sedative reduction techniques in paediatric intussusception: Insights from a 6-year study.","authors":"E Purnomo, K Gibran, A Makhmudi, D Andi, Gunadi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intussusception is a prevalent paediatric emergency condition. The standard of care involves the reduction using air or fluid enema is considered a safe procedure. Sedation-induced muscle relaxation thus optimising the treatment. We present a comprehensive 6- year study involving non sedative reduction (NSR) versus sedative reduction (SR) utilising ketamine and midazolam.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2017 and July 2023 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 85 children diagnosed with intussusception underwent hydrostatic reduction, which employed water-soluble contrast administered into the rectum. Cases that were unsuccessful in reduction underwent immediate surgical intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 85 children with intussusception underwent reduction, 22 children underwent the SR procedure and 63 underwent NSR procedure. We found a successful outcome in 17 cases (77%) of SR procedure with one recurrent and the other five (23%) got surgical reduction such as anastomosis resection (3 cases) due to Meckel- Diverticula. On the other hand, we found 24 successful cases (38.0%) in NSR procedure with one recurrent after case. 39 others who failed with NSR continued to surgical reduction. Manual reduction was done for 31 patients with one case mortality due to pulmonary bleeding. Anastomosis resection (4 cases) and, stoma (4 cases) were decided for others surgical reduction. The relative risk (RR) on this study was 2.02 (p value < 0.05, CI 95%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementation of the SR procedure may reduce surgery rates in paediatric intussusception, thereby enhancing patient management. Furthermore, the success rate of hydrostatic reduction higher in under sedation procedure. We contribute to evolve insight of non-operative approaches of paediatric intussusception management, particularly in the Yogyakarta.</p>","PeriodicalId":39388,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","volume":"79 Suppl 4","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An uncommon case of retinitis pigmentosa patients based on clinical and genetic study.","authors":"S Supanji, A B I Perdamaian, D K Paramita, R I Jenie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) is a group of phenotypes caused by mutations in visual pathways-related genes, mostly occurring at photoreceptors. This heterogeneous group includes retinitis pigmentosa (RP) recognised by bone spicule at the peripheral retina and the other is Stargardt with macular pisiform flecks. In this study, a 20- year-old male patient with RP symptoms was accompanied by a yellowish pisiform flex in the macula. However, his brother, mother and aunty have typical Stargardt disease. This study involved four persons, two males (cases 1 and 2), their mother (case 3) and aunt (case 4). Initially, cases 1 and 2 came to the clinic, case 1 was diagnosed as RP and macular dystrophy, and case 2 was diagnosed as Stargardt disease. On the follow-up, cases 1 and 2 as well as their father, mother and other family members underwent comprehensive eye examination, including fundus, Snellen, OCT, OCT-A and HFA, and found an uncommon macular abnormality besides typical RP appearance in case 1. The father is healthy while the mother and one of his aunties were diagnosed as Stargardt. A genetics analysis was conducted in case 1, finding various mutations associated with IRD mutation at the cone protein-encoded gene that concentrated at the central and rod protein-encoded gene concentrated at the peripheral retina. Whether the combination of multiple or the same mutations is responsible for this RP phenotype needs further analysis and validation. Cases 2 and 3 genetic analysis showed similar mutation results but with a healthy peripheral retina and only represented Stargardt. Case 1 is considered as RP with macular dystrophy, while cases 2, 3 and 4 are confirmed as Stargardt.</p>","PeriodicalId":39388,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","volume":"79 Suppl 4","pages":"98-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D ameliorates memory function in association with reducing senescence and upregulating neurotrophin mRNA expression in transient global cerebral ischemic injury model in rats.","authors":"T Melindah, D C R Sari, J Setiawan, Alex, M M Thamrin, F Zahra, N Arfian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ischaemic stroke induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation and senescence and the decrease of cognitive function. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has a neuroprotective effect to repair the function of the nervous system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vitamin D on memory function, p16, p21 (senescence), and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA expression on the hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was designed as quasiexperimental with a control group that only received posttests. We performed in vivo study with an induction bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model and vitamin D injection for 10 days. A total of 24 rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): Sham operation (SO [control]), BCCAO (transient global cerebral ischemic model not given vitamin D), VD1 (BCCAO + vitamin D 0.125 μg/kgBW), and VD2 (BCCAO + vitamin D 0.5 μg/kgBW). The spatial memory function was tested with the Morris water maze. We performed immunohistochemistry to localise p16 expression. p16, p21 and NGF mRNA expression were assessed by reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The vitamin D treatment group required shorter mileage to find the platform and probe test. The total time spent was longer in the target quadrant than in non-target. The Vitamin D-treated group had lower p16 and p21 mRNA expression and higher NGF mRNA expression than the BCCAO group. Immunostaining showed p16 signal in the pyramidal cell of CA1 area in the BCCAO group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D repairs memory function, senescence expression was lower and NGF was higher in the BCCAO model.</p>","PeriodicalId":39388,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","volume":"79 Suppl 4","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorogenic acid ameliorates muscle wasting by upregulating mRNA expressions of calcineurin and PGC-1α in diabetic rat model.","authors":"K Siwi, A Tejosukmono, N Anggorowati, N Arfian, J Yunus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Muscle health in diabetes mellitus (DM) is often neglected, which leads to muscle wasting. Increased reactive oxygen species in DM could decrease antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and -2 (SOD-2) and inhibit calcineurin (CN) and PGC-1α signalling pathways. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is known as a potent antioxidant and activators of CN and PGC-1α. This study aimed to determine the effect of CGA on mRNA expressions of SOD-1, SOD-2, CN and PGC-1α in inhibiting the progression of DM to muscle wasting.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was conducted at Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada starting on July 20th, 2020. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (four rats per group), i.e., control, DM 1.5 months (DM1.5), and DM 2 months (DM2); and DM groups treated with CGA in three different doses, namely CGA1 (12.5 mg/kg BW), CGA2 (25 mg/kg BW), and CGA3 (50 mg/kg BW). Control group was only injected with normal saline, while diabetic model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Blood glucose levels were measured twice (one week after diabetic induction and before termination). The soleus muscle tissue was harvested to analyse the mRNA expressions of SOD-1, SOD- 2, CN and PGC-1α using RT-PCR. In addition, the tissue samples were stained with immunohistochemistry for CN and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) for morphologic analysis under light microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mRNA expressions of SOD-1 and SOD-2 in the CGA1 group were relatively higher compared to the DM2 groups. The mRNA expression of CN in the CGA1 group was significantly higher compared to the DM2 group (p = 0.008). The mRNA expression of PGC-1α in the CGA1 group was significantly higher compared to the DM2 group (p = 0.025). Immunohistochemical staining showed that CNimmunopositive expression in the CGA1 group was more evident compared to the other groups. Haematoxylin-eosin staining showed that muscle tissue morphology in the CGA1 group was similar to that in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chlorogenic acid at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg BW shows lower blood glucose level, good skeletal muscle tissue morphology and higher mRNA expressions of SOD-1, SOD-2, CN and PGC-1α compared to the DM groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":39388,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Malaysia","volume":"79 Suppl 4","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}