Indian Welding Journal最新文献

{"title":"Finite Element Based Transient Heat Transfer Analysis of Ti2AlNb Electron Beam Welds Using Hybrid Volumetric Heat Source","authors":"Sohini Chowdhury, Y. Nirsanametla, M. Muralidhar","doi":"10.22486/IWJ.V52I1.178190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/IWJ.V52I1.178190","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium based alloy Ti2AlNb is considered as a formidable structural material for advanced aero-engine applications due to its low density and high melting point temperature. Moreover, titanium based Ti2AlNb alloy is reactive towards atmospheric elements at an elevated temperature and hence conventional welding techniques do not fit to weld this type of materials. Furthermore, electron beam (EB) welding process is preferable to join Ti2AlNb alloy as it provides vacuum environment and possess high energy density with relatively minimum thermal input. EB welding produces deep and narrow penetration welds which leads to minimum weld induced stresses and distortion. In the recent past, several experimental analysis have been presented to comprehend the weld pool geometry during fusion welding procedures. Moreover, the phenomenological occurrence within and vicinity of the molten weld zone are primary focus of analysis. Therefore, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model is paramount to interpret the physical occurrence of welding operation using a suitable volumetric heat source model. Nevertheless, in the current investigation, a transient heat transfer model based on finite element (FE) method is developed to simulate electron beam welds of titanium based Ti2AlNb alloy. In the course of modeling, a suitable thermal model is selected based on weldment profile and is quite accountable for determining accuracy of heat transfer analysis. The authors have considered a composite heat source model, comprising of two dimensional Gaussian distributed double ellipsoidal heat source at the top section and volumetric conical heat source through thickness of the cross section. Along with composite heat source model; material properties and latent heat of fusion as a function of temperature have been incorporated during modeling. The developed numerical heat transfer process model predicts the time-temperature history, cooling rates, weld bead dimensions and shapes. To verify the effectiveness of developed process model, the computed results are evaluated with experimentally estimated weld bead dimensions and profile. The numerical results indicated that the weld geometry characteristics and thermal history are in good accordance with the experimental data with less than 6% error. Moreover, the computed FE model results lays foundation for the estimation of welding induced distortion and residual stresses further.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115765914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study between Linear and Nonlinear Regression Analysis for Prediction of Weld Penetration Profile in AC Waveform Submerged Arc Welding of Heat Resistant Steel","authors":"Uttam Kumar Mohanty, Abhay Sharma, Mitsuyoshi Nakatani, A. Kitagawa, Manabu Tanaka, T. Suga","doi":"10.22486/iwj.v52i1.178187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v52i1.178187","url":null,"abstract":"Alternating current with square waveform provides better control of weld quality and reduces the effect of the arc-blow in the submerged arc welding process. This paper presents a comparative study in between conventionally used linear regression and newly proposed nonlinear regression analysis for prediction of weld penetration profile, i.e. weld width, penetration and penetration shape factor in the AC waveform welding of heat resistant steel. The comparison is based on second order linear regression and nonlinear regression analysis using Levenberg-Marquardt method. The frequency, electrode negative ratio, welding current, and welding speed are used as input parameters to obtain the models for penetration and width. The models are developed following a design of experiment and extra experiments are conducted to check the adequacy of the models. The results show that the Levenberg-Marquardt method associated with exponential function without considering constant term is more effective as compared to second order linear regression in terms of predictability and accuracy. The significant effect of process variables on the outcomes is analyzed. The investigation shows a new approach to weld penetration profile prediction that can be horizontally deployed to other welding process where predication is difficult because of the complex shape of the weld bead.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arc Behavior Study Using Welding Current Module and its Impact on Residual Stress and Weld Bead in Anti-Phase Synchronized Twin-Wire Gas Metal Arc Welding","authors":"S. Q. Moinuddin, Abhay Sharma","doi":"10.22486/IWJ.V52I1.178188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/IWJ.V52I1.178188","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of twin-wire welding in increasing the deposition rate is known for a long, but its application in gas metal arc welding is limited due to the arc-stability related issues. An unstable welding arc causes irregular weld bead and material loss in the form of spatters. Previous investigations indicate that the problem can be addressed through arc-stability induced by dissimilar twin-arcs as the electromagnetic field concentrates around the arc with higher current. The present study is intended to reduce the twin-arcs' interactions and to improve the arc stability in twin-wire gas metal arc welding by evaluating different conditions at lead and trail wires. Further, their influence on the residual stresses and weld bead geometry is studied. Bead-on-plate-welds are carried out. A data acquisition system is used to capture the electrical signals during welding. The results indicate that the unequal currents at trail and lead wires provide stability to the arc that also results in a shift in residual stresses from compressive to tensile along the weld transverse direction. In addition, the maximum residual stress is located at the weld toe. When the current difference between the trail and lead wire is more, the arc produces stable metal transfer with uniform heating and cooling that results in reduction in stresses and improvement in weld quality.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127008469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Application Techniques for Quenched and Tempered Steel-S550Q","authors":"K. Prakash, R. Kumar, M. Venkatesan","doi":"10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/IWJ.V52I2.181776","url":null,"abstract":"EN10025-6 S550Q is high strength steel classified under quenched and tempered (Q&T) manufacturing technique.S550Q is specially designed and used by us for welded steel structures for the purpose of heavy lifting and lowering. The entire processing techniques like cutting, edge preparation, welding, and bending are of major importance to the consistency of fabricated structure. This study comprises of an introduction to HSS-S550Q and addresses various important variables by practically. The following main factors are taken to consideration heat input during cutting, edge preparation, and welding, cooling cycle, Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) Stress Relieving (SR) is mandatory after weld fabrication. The first was to establish a need for SR to achieve desirable weldment properties.SR has been reported to have Complementary benefits such as tempering of WM and HAZ regions and allowing the effusion/diffusion of hydrogen away from the weld region. Bend testing of cross-weld samples was used to qualify the ductility of the weldment before and after SR. In addition, impact, tensile and hardness properties, microstructures were quantified before and after SR.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117060472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Weldability of EN 10025-6 S550 QT Steel","authors":"K. Prakash, R. Kumar, M. Venkatesan, P. Kumar","doi":"10.22486/iwj.v51i4.176796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v51i4.176796","url":null,"abstract":"Cracks developed in the 90 mm thick EN 10025-6 S550 QT steel plates assembled to form a box unit. After assembly the surface cracks generated longitudinally along the elongated grains while preheating or performing root run. Root cause analysis was conducted to investigate the reason for the failure and also how to specify the “conditions of materials on delivery” during procurement is generated. Various tests such as visual test, chemical composition, inclusion rating, microstructure, dye penetrant test and hardness tests were conducted. The investigation revealed that the failure cracks could be due to temper embrittlement due to the segregations of impurities such as tin, arsenic, phosphorus and antimony, etc. in the grain boundaries and resulted in ductile to brittle transformation when exposed in the temperature. It is observed that, depends on the concentration of Ti and N in steel, coarse and cuboidal TiN particles of several micrometers in size act as potential sites for cleavage crack initiation. Furthermore, during the steel making process if sulfur is not properly controlled, then large MnS inclusions can also form during solidification. Soft MnS inclusions elongate during the subsequent hot rolling process, which deteriorate ductility and impact toughness. Hence, it is essential to specify the J factor value and inclusion rate during the procurement of steel.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124020710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion Behaviour of 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel Cladding on Copper Coated Low Alloy Steel by Gas Metal Arc Welding","authors":"M. Saha, Santanu Das, G. L. Datta","doi":"10.22486/IWJ.V51I4.176795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/IWJ.V51I4.176795","url":null,"abstract":"Cladding has developed growing interest among engineers for providing greater corrosion resistance and erosion resistance of the surface of low grade steel components in aggressive environments. Austenitic stainless steel yields satisfactory results as a clad material and successfully used for last few decades. Among different techniques producing quality clad parts, gas metal arc welding is a popular method for cladding due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness. Corrosion resistance of the clad part depends on different microstructural phases as well as alloying elements present in clad layer. Copper, one of the austenising alloying elements, is used to increase corrosion resistance in steel especially in sulphuric acid atmosphere. In the present investigation, austenitic stainless steel (316) is clad by means of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) on copper coated E250 low alloy steel using 100% CO 2 as shielding gas. Copper coating is done on low alloy steel by electroplating process. Single layer cladding is done keeping 50% overlap. Process parameters of GMAW like welding current and troch travel speed are varied in three levels, keeping welding voltage constant. Heat input varies accordingly. Corrosion tests are carried out in three different media (ferric chloride, copper chloride and sulphuric acid solutions). Experimental results show that copper addition improves corrosion resistance to a great extent in sulphate atmosphere, moderately in ferric chloride and the least in case of copper chloride atmosphere. The corrosion rate decreases at higher heat input on the whole. In every case, the cladding exhibits much better corrosion resistance than the base metal.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"2 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115862394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Clad Joints of High Strength Low Alloy Steel with Stainless Steel and Titanium","authors":"N. Rao, G. Reddy, S. Nagarjuna","doi":"10.22486/IWJ.V51I4.176799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/IWJ.V51I4.176799","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, a study has been carried out to understand the structure-property correlations in explosive clad joints of high strength low alloy steel (Yield Strength >600 MPa) in as-clad, hot rolled and heat treated conditions. The cladding materials employed were austenitic stainless steel of AISI 347 grade and commercial pure (CP) titanium. An attempt has also been made to realise the structure-property correlations in the clad joint of the HSLA steel with AISI 347 grade austenitic stainless steel produced by weld overlay cladding technique. In explosive cladding, the interface was found to be wavy type and in weld overlay cladding, the interface was flat. Explosive clad joints of HSLA steel + austenitic stainless steel exhibited a bond strength of 491 MPa in as-clad condition and 408 MPa after hot rolling and heat treatment. Explosive clad joint of HSLA steel + CP titanium exhibited a bond strength of 356 MPa in as-clad condition as CP titanium possesses lower strength (337 MPa) compared to that of AISI 347 grade austenitic stainless steel (515 MPa). The weld overlay clad joint exhibited a bond strength of 488 MPa which is almost equal to that of explosive clad joint in as-clad condition. The clad joints of austenitic stainless steel and CP titanium, with the base plate in heat treated condition, exhibited good formability when three point bend tests were conducted upto 114o and 139o respectively.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124237955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Mathematical Models to Analyse and Predict Weld Bead Geometry and Shape Relationships in FCA Welding of C-45 Mild Steel","authors":"Gantavya Vivek Punj, Niyajudin, P. Khanna","doi":"10.22486/IWJ.V51I4.176798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/IWJ.V51I4.176798","url":null,"abstract":"Welding plays an extremely important role in fabrication industry because of its adaptability to automation, relative simplicity, strong and reliable joints and ability to weld a large variety of materials making it widely acceptable in construction, transport, automotive and pressure vessel industry. A wide variety of arc welding processes are available to cater to the needs of ever increasing industrial demands. GMAW is one such arc welding process which has proved its significance in industry owing to its versatility and quality of joints. The physical dimensions and shape of a weld joint not only decides its mechanical strength but also affects its performance during service. Sufficient knowledge of various bead parameters such as penetration, reinforcement, width, etc. becomes imperative along with their dependence on various welding parameters constituting voltage, feed rate of wire and speed of welding. In the present research work, an attempt was made to form a mathematical model for bead geometry prediction at given values of weld input parameters. Statistical techniques have been applied for the present investigation work.","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115045602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimentally Validated Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Behavior of Dissimilar AA5052-AA6061 Plates in Fiction STIR Welding","authors":"M. Vishwanathan, N. Lakshamanaswamy","doi":"10.22486/iwj.v51i4.176797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v51i4.176797","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124018021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approach to Best Welding Practice : Part – XII","authors":"S. Gupta","doi":"10.22486/iwj.v51i4.178041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v51i4.178041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393849,"journal":{"name":"Indian Welding Journal","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126627767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}