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The Rorschach – From Its Origins to the Future 罗夏墨迹测验——从起源到未来
Rorschachiana Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000161
Pierre Gaudriault
{"title":"The Rorschach – From Its Origins to the Future","authors":"Pierre Gaudriault","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The Rorschach occupies a unique place in the history of culture and of clinical psychology. While it originated in the tradition of divinatory or pictorial practices, it was also part of the renewal of expression at the turn of the 20th century in the field of psychopathology as well as in artistic activities. It ushered in a new way to grasp humans in their expressive and projective whole. Its protocol provided the nascent clinical psychology with a complementary tool to contribute to diagnostics and to the study of the processes of change in psychotherapies. More generally, it continues to offer clarifications on the psychological function of images in humankind’s evolution.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135894969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
On the Background and Foundations of Psychodiagnostics 论精神诊断学的背景和基础
Rorschachiana Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000174
Fernando Silberstein
{"title":"On the Background and Foundations of <i>Psychodiagnostics</i>","authors":"Fernando Silberstein","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000174","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: During the century that has passed since its publication, there have been innumerable investigations on the Psychodiagnostics with relevant contributions in the codification, interpretation, and validity of its results. However, Rorschach’s work and his intentions remain in many respects little known. Knowledge of his research on the determinants and the foundations of their meanings is limited, although they are still valid and widely used. In this article the author studies the elaboration on the concepts of interpretation, the introduction of movement, Rorschach’s ideas about color, form, and Erlebnistypus as presented in Rorschach’s dissertation on reflex hallucinations and Psychodiagnostics.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135685685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Theory of Hermann Rorschach 赫尔曼·罗夏理论
Rorschachiana Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000173
Anne Andronikof
{"title":"The Theory of Hermann Rorschach","authors":"Anne Andronikof","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: We trace the development of Hermann Rorschach’s ideas, from his early experiments, interests, and his medical thesis (1912) on reflex hallucinations to the writing of Psychodiagnostics ( 1921 ) in order to demonstrate that he was in the process of constructing a global theory of personality. The key to his experimentation with inkblots was the notion of representational or perceptual conflict, the psychological functioning of the tested person being reflected in the way responses are chosen. He conceived personality as a dynamic structure with a psychic apparatus that operates our relationships with the external and internal worlds of experience, thus highlighting the workings of the conscious/preconscious systems.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135894970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Pre- and Postpsychotherapy Assessment of a Patient With Retrograde Amnesia 1例逆行性健忘症患者心理治疗前后的评估
Rorschachiana Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000167
Erik Hammarström, Cato Grønnerød
{"title":"Pre- and Postpsychotherapy Assessment of a Patient With Retrograde Amnesia","authors":"Erik Hammarström, Cato Grønnerød","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Retrograde amnesia is the inability to recollect memories from a certain period. In the following case study, a patient was assessed with the Zulliger inkblot test in an initial assessment before psychotherapy. At termination of the psychotherapy, 42 months later, the test was readministered. At this point, the patient had no recollection of having taken the test before, due to retrograde amnesia following electroconvulsive treatment that was given some time before the initial assessment. This situation offers a unique opportunity to study changes in test results after psychotherapy, without the memory effects of normal recollection of the initial testing. On the surface, many responses shared a striking similarity in content and wording. The structural data from coding of the test results, however, indicated important changes. These changes are discussed and elaborated in relation to the changes observed in the psychotherapeutic treatment.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78952252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An Analysis of Intrusive Morbid Imagery in Rorschach Responses 罗夏反应中的侵入性病态意象分析
Rorschachiana Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000164
Chang-Ui Hwang, Eun Young Kim, Hae Joon Lee, Min-ju Park, Mi Sun Lee, Tae Hwan Kim, Ju Kyeong Kim
{"title":"An Analysis of Intrusive Morbid Imagery in Rorschach Responses","authors":"Chang-Ui Hwang, Eun Young Kim, Hae Joon Lee, Min-ju Park, Mi Sun Lee, Tae Hwan Kim, Ju Kyeong Kim","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000164","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: First responders are generally a high-risk group, repeatedly exposed to traumatic and distressing scenes and events on their daily duties. Identification of detailed features and recurring patterns of intrusive visual imagery for first responders with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can uncover the psychological difficulties, defenses, and further adjustment issues of occupational groups exposed to repetitive trauma. To this end, 20 Rorschach protocols for Korean first responders with PTSD symptoms were collected and analyzed. The analysis of the Rorschach records was twofold. First, the structural features of the Rorschach responses, including R and the Trauma Content Index, were examined quantitatively. Second, the detailed features of the morbid content, such as thematic classification, trauma memory responses, and emotional reactions, were qualitatively reviewed. Both analyses identified a biphasic pattern between constricted and flooded responses, showing the participants’ unsuccessful endeavors to defend against intrusive trauma-related imagery, which resulted in significant disorganization in thought and affect.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74955033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding Complexity as a Construct and as a Formally Scored Variable 将复杂性理解为一个结构和一个正式得分变量
Rorschachiana Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000166
G. Meyer
{"title":"Understanding Complexity as a Construct and as a Formally Scored Variable","authors":"G. Meyer","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000166","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article serves three goals. First, I review complexity in Rorschach responding. As a construct, complexity illuminates ways people differentially register experiences, which produces distinct patterns of expressed behavior when completing the task. Rorschach first described this dimension, creating novel terminology for it, and it was central to Rapaport, Gill, and Schafer’s system and Schachtel’s classic text. As a scored variable, Viglione and Meyer defined it when they were brought together by Exner to work on advancing the Comprehensive System (CS) through his Rorschach Research Council; later it was adopted in the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS). Second, I review early factor analytic research identifying complexity and provide new data to document how Complexity as a scored variable is an excellent index of the first unrotated principal component when factoring individually assigned Rorschach scores. Third, I document a number of assertions published about Complexity by Fontan and Andronikof that are incorrect and misleading. I correct those assertions by means of explanation and also statistical results from two data sets. I close by offering 10 basic conclusions about complexity.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83432809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Contribution of the Collaborative Use of the Rorschach Test in Togo 合作使用罗夏测验在多哥的贡献
Rorschachiana Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000163
Lodegaèna Bassantéa Kpassagou
{"title":"The Contribution of the Collaborative Use of the Rorschach Test in Togo","authors":"Lodegaèna Bassantéa Kpassagou","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000163","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The case study presented in this paper demonstrates the utility of a collaborative discussion of the Rorschach Test. In a context marked by dependence on the psychologist and lack of elaboration, discussing Rorschach responses with clients has the potential of engaging them actively in therapy. The present case concerns a young man with delusional disorder. The Rorschach’s collaborative discussion made it possible to build a stronger therapeutic alliance between the client and the psychologist. Indeed, this discussion helped the client to express homosexual fantasies, an otherwise unacceptable social taboo. It also helped him to talk profusely about his family and religion during the therapy. In the absence of normative data on the Rorschach Test in the Togolese population, this collaborative discussion relies on the clinician’s intention to directly use the personal meaning of the Rorschach responses to advance psychotherapy.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78077196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Active Bayesian Brain and the Rorschach Task 活跃贝叶斯脑与罗夏测验
Rorschachiana Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000158
G. Meyer, K. Friston
{"title":"The Active Bayesian Brain and the Rorschach Task","authors":"G. Meyer, K. Friston","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000158","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Rorschach offers a unique and interesting paradigm from the perspective of the (Bayesian) brain. This contribution to the cross-disciplinary special issue considers the Rorschach from the perspective of perceptual inference in the brain and how it might inform subject-specific differences in perceptual synthesis. Before doing so, we provide a broad overview of active inference in its various manifestations. In brief, active inference supposes that our perceptions are the best hypothesis to explain sensory impressions. On a Bayesian account, the requisite belief updating rests sensitively upon the precision or confidence ascribed to sensory input, relative to prior beliefs about the causes of sensations. This focus – on the balance between sensory and prior precision – has been a useful construct in both cognitive science (e.g., as a formal explanation for attention) and neuropsychology (e.g., as a formal explanation for aberrant or false inference in hallucinations). In this setting, false inference is generally understood as abnormally high precision afforded to high-level hypotheses or explanations for visual input, which may compensate for a failure to attenuate sensory precision. On this view, the Rorschach offers an interesting paradigm because the amount of precise information about the causes of visual input is deliberately minimized – and rendered ambiguous – thereby placing greater emphasis on prior beliefs entertained by the respondent. We close by exploring this issue and several other areas of intersection between Rorschach responding and active inference.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78455066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Searching for a Common Language to Talk About the Rorschach Within and Outside the International Society of the Rorschach and Projective Methods 在国际罗夏墨迹与投射法学会内外寻找谈论罗夏墨迹的共同语言
Rorschachiana Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000159
F. Aschieri
{"title":"Searching for a Common Language to Talk About the Rorschach Within and Outside the International Society of the Rorschach and Projective Methods","authors":"F. Aschieri","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82474475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward an Integrative Perspective on the Person 迈向人的综合视角
Rorschachiana Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1027/1192-5604/a000160
R. Bornstein
{"title":"Toward an Integrative Perspective on the Person","authors":"R. Bornstein","doi":"10.1027/1192-5604/a000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) have been criticized frequently in recent years, with most critiques focusing on perceived limitations of diagnostic categories. These criticisms notwithstanding, the most promising approach to refining the diagnostic systems is not to replace the categorical model, but to expand the range of assessment methods that are used by clinicians to render diagnoses. This article presents an evidence-based framework for integrating interview and Rorschach data to enhance diagnostic precision, improve treatment planning, and provide a novel paradigm for studying the dynamics of psychopathology in clinical and community settings. Following a discussion of problems associated with monomethod assessment based on patient self-reports, the advantages of multimethod assessment in psychiatric diagnosis are described. A three-step approach to evidence-based multimethod diagnosis is outlined, emphasizing patients’ underlying dynamics, self-attributions, and expressed behaviors. The possibility of updating DSM and ICD symptom criteria to capture these three levels of patient functioning is discussed, strategies for exploring convergences and divergences between interview and Rorschach data are presented, and avenues for expanding the scope of Rorschach practice and research in the 21st century are described.","PeriodicalId":39365,"journal":{"name":"Rorschachiana","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84192409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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