INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)最新文献

{"title":"INTRODUCTION AND MYTH BUSTERS OF COVID -19","authors":"P. Chauhan","doi":"10.37021/ijper.v3i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37021/ijper.v3i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 also known as SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that attacks the respiratory system of a person. The first case in humans of this virus was reported in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. It was believed that the virus came from the food market of the China. Also it was linked with the bats. A variety of studies are currently underway or are being carried out to better understand the cause of the outbreak in China , including human case investigations with an onset of symptoms in and around Wuhan in late 2019, Sampling  from markets and farms in areas where the first human cases have been reported and detailed records of the source and type of species of wildlife and agricultural animals sold on these markets. Vaccine have developed by few countries like Russia, United Kingdom, USA, India. But there are no claim of 100% result of it so we have to take all the protective measures to protect us from the COVID-19 and don’t trust the myths that are being spread everywhere out there.","PeriodicalId":393543,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133999682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STANDARDIZATION OF SNOW MOUNTAIN GARLIC","authors":"Payal Kesharwani, R. Kaushik, K. Sharma, Kartik Khetrapal, Tanya Goyal","doi":"10.37021/ijper.v3i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37021/ijper.v3i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Snow mountain garlic (SMG) is also known as Kashmiri garlic and ek pothi lahsun is herb which grows in high altitude and in low temperature conditions. It has shown beneficial effects in breathing discomforts like common cold, Asthma, flu also refines the blood circulation Various standardization parameters have been recorded in this study. Objectives: The present study focuses on standardization of SMG. Materials and Methods: The standardization parameter follow WHO Guidelines of herbal drugs. Standardization parameter like macroscopic characters, extractive value (hot extraction), ash value (total ash, acid insoluble ash and water-soluble ash), bitterness value, swelling Index, phytochemical screening have been studied. Results: The pharmacognostic studies shows that SMG is semi obtuse in shape and have pale brown outer covering and inner colour is white with little sticky latex. It has characteristic odour and slight astringent taste. The physiochemical analysis shows different extractive values in solvents, with maximum extractives obtained in hydro alcohol (45%). total ash value observed was 1.038%, acid insoluble ash 0%, water soluble ash 0.16%, bitterness value of 0.030mg/ml, swelling index of 1.06 and foaming index was found to be less than 100.  Conclusion: The Standardization of snow mountain garlic was performed and the data obtained can be further utilized for establishing the identity and purity of the drug. \u0000Key Words: Snow mountain garlic, Kashmiri garlic, Standardization parameter, Physiochemical analysis, Phytochemical evaluation","PeriodicalId":393543,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114083920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RECENT ADVANCEMENT ON ISOLATION, ACTIVATION AND CRYOPRESERVATION OF LYMPH NODE CELLS IN MICE.","authors":"Seema Gupta, M. Grover, Vasundhara Saxena","doi":"10.37021/ijper.v3i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37021/ijper.v3i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT                                                                                                                                      \u0000Lymph nodes are found within the body has B, T and other immune cells and help to filter and trap foreign particles. Like any other primary culture lymph node culture would retain many of differentiated characteristics of cells in vivo thus they have potential for acting as alternative method to mammalian model. \u0000For setting up primary lymph node culture in mice different types of lymph nodes were collected from mice followed with isolation, activation and cryopreservation of cells from lymph node. The present review emphasize on various procedures used for isolation, activation and cryopreservation of lymph node cells. Isolation of cells was performed by collagenase digestion, teasing apart of lymph node using dissecting needle or lymph nodes were disrupted between two frosted slides. Concanavalin A have been widely used to stimulate mice lymph node cells. Low dose of Con A have stimulatory effect on T cells but high dose have inhibitory action and caused suppression of proliferation of T cell. Balb/c mice and C57Bl/6 mice were used for different dose of Con A. The addition of cryoprotective agents, e.g.dimethylsulphoxide and careful control of cooling rates affords protection from cell damage during freezing.","PeriodicalId":393543,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)","volume":"411 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122481024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STANDARDIZATION AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE LEAF OF SENNA SIAMEA IRWIN & BARNEBY (FABACEAE) COLLECTED FROM AGULU IN AWKA SOUTH OF ANAMBRA STATE","authors":"C. C. Ezea","doi":"10.37021/ijper.v3i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37021/ijper.v3i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pharmacognostic standards and toxicological studies of the leaf of S. siamea were carried out. Objectives: To determine the quantitative phytochemical constituents present, pharmacognostic standards and  toxicological effect of the methanol leaf extract and fractions of S. siamea. Methodology: Fresh leaves of S. siamea were collected, dried, pulverizes to powder and subjected to pharmacognostic and quantitative phytochemical analysis. The pulverized leaves were cold macerated in methanol for three days with intermittent shaking and exchange of fresh solvent every 24 hrs (aliquot extraction). Fractionation was done using n-hexane, ethylacetate and butanol. Chromatographic analysis of the methanol extract and fractions were obtained using standard methods. The methanol extract and fractions where screened for phytochemical constituents and toxicological effects using standard methods. Acute toxicity (LD50) of the extract was determined  using Lorke’s method. Results: Macroscopic and microscopic examinatios revealed acute apex, pinnate veination and diacytic stomata, trichomes respectively. Phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins etc. Proximate analysis of S. siamea revealed moisture content of 5.50 %, total ash value of 15.00 %, water soluble ash of 2.00 % etc.  The LD50 was found to be > 5000 mg/kg. Increase in ALT, AST and ALP when metanol extract and fractions were administered were not statistically different from the control group, indicating no hepatotoxic potential. Increase in PCV, Hb and RBC when metanol extract and fractions were administered were not statistically different from control group. The non-significant decrease in the levels of ALP, ALT and AST indicates that the extract has possible hepatoprotective effect. The non-significant decrease in the levels of RBC, Hb and PCV indicates that the extract does not affect the heamatopoietic system when administered orally and at the doses used in the study. Conclusions: Specific standards obtained from the study may be compiled into a monograph of S.siemea plant that may constitute in herbal pharmacopoeia.","PeriodicalId":393543,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122848934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Devices used for Treatment of Epilepsy","authors":"Md. Niyaz Alam, J. Jain, A. Khan, R. Kaushik, Najam Ali Khan, Lubhan Singh","doi":"10.37021/IJPER.V2I2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37021/IJPER.V2I2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorder of the brain that affects around 1-2% of the population across the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), epilepsy is characterized by periodically spontaneous seizures, which are usually due to excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain cells. The earlier day electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are useful tool for detection of epileptic seizures.Epileptogenesis is a slow process. After several months of initial insult, spontaneous recurrent seizures begin to appear. Epilepsy is considered to be resolved for individuals who are seizure-free for the last 10 years, with no seizure medicines for the last 5 years. Currently, used drugs available for treating epilepsy have draw backs like Epileptogenesis and other dose-related side effects. In spite of daily treatment, nearly 30% of patients continue to have convulsions and fail to provide a complete cure. Hence, there is a need for another alternative option to control the epileptic seizure and minimize the duration of seizure without taking a medicine and improving the quality of patient’s life. In current scenario the Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has become an important tool for controlling the epileptic seizure. Vagus nerve stimulation is used for patient with refractory and drug resistant epilepsy. Various non-drug therapies form preclinical to clinical for controlling seizures in epileptic patients with drug resistance current available have been highlighted in this review.","PeriodicalId":393543,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122028807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, antibacterial activities, binding mode analysis and predictive ADME studies of novel 1-(aryl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanones","authors":"P. Chandra, S. Ganguly, R. Dey, B. Sarkar","doi":"10.37021/IJPER.V2I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37021/IJPER.V2I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the present study a novel series of twelve 1-(aryl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanones 3(a-l) were synthesized and characterised by physicochemical and spectral analysis,viz. elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy. The antibacterial property of the compounds were examined, in order to develop new broad spectrum antibiotics.\u0000Methods: The compounds 3(a-l) were synthesised by reacting the corresponding 2-(aryl)-1H-imidazoles 2 with substituted benzoyl chlorides. Binding mode analysis of the most active compound was carried out. Predictive ADME studies were carried out for all the compounds.\u0000Results and Discussions: Among the synthesized compounds, (2-(3-nitrophenyl) (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -1Himidazol-1-yl)methanone 3i exhibited highest antibacterial activity. Binding mode analysis of the highest active compound was carried out in the active site of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (2VF5).","PeriodicalId":393543,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115081726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ligand and Structure-Based Hybrid Screening for Anti-Parkinson Agents and their Pharmacological Evaluation","authors":"Mudita Mishra, P. Sonar, A. Tripathi, S. Saraf, S. Verma","doi":"10.37021/IJPER.V2I2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37021/IJPER.V2I2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The behavioral and biochemical antiparkinson effect of 7-hydroxyflavone (7-HF) was evaluated by using virtual screening with an e-pharmacophore and shape-based screening approach, and the compound was screened by using the Sigma Aldrich compound library. Screened hits were filtered based on Lipinski’s rule, absorption, distribution,metabolism,elimination, (software for evaluation) (ADME), and toxicity parameters. The best scoring hit, 7-hydroxy 2 phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one, i.e., 7-HF was selected based on shape similarity (> 0.7), g-score, and conserved interactions. Toxicity assessment of retrieved hits was carried out by Osiris and Lazar programs. This study aims to obtain some potential hits, against various antiparkinson category from reported literature and available online resources, and validate their potency by in vivo, in vitro methods. Reserpine 5 mg/kg produces Parkinson’s like condition by depleting presynaptic catecholamines, particularly dopamine through the process of degranulation of storage vesicles. 7-HF 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg was used as a test compound. Syndopa 275 mg/kg was used as a standard drug. The results demonstrate that treatment with 7-HF improved the total locomotor activity and muscular coordination in the rotarod test. In the open field test, enhanced rearing, grooming duration of mobility, and gripping strength in the chimney test, while a decrease in cataleptic scores in the bar test. 7-HF significantly increases catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduces glutathione level, while reduced the Malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The total protein concentration was also increased in 7-HF treated groups. The behavioral and biochemical results obtained from this study disclosed a definite neuroprotective role of 7-HF in a dose-dependent manner. It is also clear that 7-HF showed potent and effective antiparkinson activity in a similar way as standard. Interestingly, in behavioral and biochemical studies, 7-HF showed approximately equivalent effects as compared to syndopa.","PeriodicalId":393543,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114465781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance: Then and Now","authors":"K. Sharma, G. Sharma, Payal Kesharwani, N. Mittal, Hemlata Bisht","doi":"10.37021/IJPER.V2I2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37021/IJPER.V2I2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics have been regarded as one of the major discoveries of the 20th century. But the problem that came attached with is the rise of antibiotic resistance in hospitals and communities. The genetic makeup of microbes has benefitted from man's overuse of antibiotics to exploit every source of resistance genes and means of horizontal gene transmission to give rise to various mechanisms of resistance. Alexander Fleming upon accepting the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine said “It is not difficult to make microbes resistant to penicillin in the laboratory by exposing them to concentrations not sufficient to kill them. There is a danger that an ignorant man may easily under dose himself and by exposing his microbes to non lethal quantities of the drug and make them resistant”. This review presents the multifaceted aspects of antibiotic resistance development, history, superbug and superresiatance and resistance data observed over the past years with an overt conclusion showing undeniable methods to overcome the discussed problem, glaringly striking that it is time to act.","PeriodicalId":393543,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128915421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipopharmaceuticals- A Critical Review Focused on Recent Advances in Liposomal Drug Delivery","authors":"Harshita Rastogi, M. Shree, S. Srivastava, Darshan Kaur","doi":"10.37021/ijper.v2i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37021/ijper.v2i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The first nanoscale drug to be approved for clinical use in 1995 was known as a liposome. Since then, the technology has grown substantially, and current work on liposome drug delivery systems has revoluted remarkable developments with significant clinical implications. Liposomal drug delivery includes long-circulating liposomes, stealth liposomes, nebulized liposomes, and elastic liposomes for topical, oral, and transdermal delivery, and covalent lipid-drug complexes for improved drug plasma membrane crossing and targeting to specific organelles and other recent advancements. This review is based on the liposomal drug delivery system, its introduction, classification, methods of preparation, types of targeting the liposomal drug delivery, applications, recent advancements in liposomes, and its application.","PeriodicalId":393543,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114055609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Herbal Formulation and Marketed Formulation of Triphala Churna","authors":"Vikas Sharma, R. Kaushik, P. Rai","doi":"10.37021/ijper.v2i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37021/ijper.v2i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"In a couple of decades, there has been exponential development in the field of homegrown medications. The greater part of the conventional arrangement of herbal medication is viable; however, they need standardization. So there is a need to build up a procedure standardization. Standardization of natural medicine is fundamental so as to evaluate the quality, purity, efficacy and safety of the herbal medications. Homegrown medications are the well-known type of customary medication and the high universal requests because of their simplicity of accessibility, there lesser reactions. These homegrown details are the property or information on the mature ages of each home. Homegrown medications additionally have an enormous holistic accepts ex. Holi tulsi plant. It is important to build up basic procedures to the standardization of related natural medications. The present investigation standardization of Triphala Churna significantly centered around that region under WHO guidelines. This polyherbal Churna utilized to treat the obstruction and another gastric issue. Right now, arranged Triphala Churna was nearly standardized with the reference acquired from advertising. For the standardization of the above details were finished by assessing the macroscopically, microscopical, powder stream properties, extractive qualities, physicochemical characters, overwhelming metal substance location, qualitative and quantitive tests of tannins and alkaloids, TLC fingerprinting test to evaluate the quality and safety and therapeutic activity of formulation.","PeriodicalId":393543,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134015880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}