{"title":"映像表現とコンピュータグラフィックス","authors":"","doi":"10.3169/itej.75.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3169/itej.75.289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39325,"journal":{"name":"Kyokai Joho Imeji Zasshi/Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69462641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kubota, Hayato Kikuta, Tomoaki Ryu, H. Kitajima
{"title":"Requirements and Implementability for the Size of Field of View for Camera Monitor Systems as a Replacement for Side Mirrors in Cars","authors":"S. Kubota, Hayato Kikuta, Tomoaki Ryu, H. Kitajima","doi":"10.3169/ITEJ.75.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3169/ITEJ.75.319","url":null,"abstract":"国際連合欧州経済委員会(UN/ECE)が定める規則UNR46「間接視界に関する協定規則」1)が,2016年6月18日に 改定され,欧州では自動車のミラーをカメラモニタシステ ム(Camera Monitor System:CMS)で代替することが可 能となった.この直後,我が国の国土交通省も道路運送車 両の保安基準第44条「後写鏡等」2)をUN-R46に合わせて改 定した.それに伴いトヨタ自動車が2018年10月にサイド ミラーをCMSで代替したいわゆる電子ミラー車を世界に先 駆けて発売した3)4).その後,米国運輸省道路交通安全局 (NHTSA)5)でも自動車メーカ2社からサイドミラーを代替 するCMSの認可申請(2018年10月時点)があり,米国自動 車安全基準(FMVSS)No.111の改定へ向けて動き出した. 従来のミラーと比較したCMSの潜在的な利点について は,Terzis6),Schmidt et al. 7)などによると,(1)広角カメ ラの利用により視野が広がり死角が減少する,(2)モニタ は従来ミラーの制約を受けずに車内のさまざまな位置に配 置できる,(3)空力抵抗が低減し燃費が向上する,(4)夜間 走行や雨などの悪天候においても後方視界を確実に表示で きる,などが挙げられている.これらの利点の中で,(1) と(2)は安全性と快適性に直接影響する人間工学的な検討 課題を含んでいる. ミラーをCMSで代替するにあたって,人間工学的に最も 重要な検討課題は,モニタによる後続車の距離と速度の知覚 精度が,ミラーに劣らないことを検証することであった. UN-R46 の改定に先立って,ミシガン大学交通研究所 (UMTRI)8)~10)およびドイツ連邦道路交通研究所(FHRI)7)11) ではミラーとモニタによる知覚が比較検討されている.こ れらの研究によると,ミラーをCMSで代替しても距離と速 度の知覚は安全上問題がないと結論づけている. 例えば,二次元のモニタでは,ミラーのように調節や輻 輳よる奥行き知覚の手がかりが使えないが,車両の相対サ イズ,視野内の垂直位置などから距離と速度をミラーと遜 色なく知覚できるとしている8)9).これは,距離判断が求 められる後続車が20 m~80 m後方にあり,この距離では 調節や輻輳による奥行感度が低く,後続車の相対サイズと 視野内の垂直位置が支配的な手がかりとなる12)ためである. むしろ,二次元のモニタではドライバが頭部を動かしても 画像内の相対的位置が変化しないことが相対サイズや視野 内の位置の高さを把握しやすくしている可能性もある. Schmidt et al.7)11)は,車線変更時の後続車との安全間隔 (Last Safe Gap)を,ミラーとCMSでドライバに見積もら せた結果,CMSの方が安全間隔を広くとる傾向があったと している.つまり,ミラーよりCMSの方が安全側に判断す あらまし 自動車のサイドミラーを代替するカメラモニタシステム(CMS)に求められる視野の大きさ(カメラの視 野)を,走行環境,走行速度,運転経験,左右の違いを変数として実験的に検討した.運転経験が豊富な学生ドライ バ23名に,多様な走行条件で収録した後方視界映像の視野の大きさを好適条件に調整させた.静止車両のダッシュ ボード上の左右に7型モニタを配置して運転席から調整した.ドライバが調整したCMSの水平視野は23名の平均値 で41゚~45゚であった.左折時に広く,運転経験が長いドライバほど広いという傾向は有意であったが,その他の変 数は有意ではなかった.水平視野41゚~45゚は,従来ミラーより広く死角の低減に有利だが,表示倍率の規制のため, この大きさの視野の実装は容易ではない.モニタサイズと視距離を変数として,実装可能な視野の大きさについて考 察した.また,主に運転経験に依存する個人差を考慮する必要性を指摘した.","PeriodicalId":39325,"journal":{"name":"Kyokai Joho Imeji Zasshi/Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69463402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The History of Living in Japan for 20 Years","authors":"Tianqi Li","doi":"10.3169/itej.74.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3169/itej.74.112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39325,"journal":{"name":"Kyokai Joho Imeji Zasshi/Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69449180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New SNG System for Realizing Increase of Efficiency, Bidirectional Communication and Automatization the Operation of Satellite Circuit","authors":"Shintaro Akinobu, Masaki Tomiyoshi, Masaki Yoshimura","doi":"10.3169/itej.74.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3169/itej.74.162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39325,"journal":{"name":"Kyokai Joho Imeji Zasshi/Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69449759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2-3 V2X通信を利用した協調型自動運転への流れ","authors":"Ken-ichi Sato","doi":"10.3169/itej.74.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3169/itej.74.249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39325,"journal":{"name":"Kyokai Joho Imeji Zasshi/Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69452480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2-4. Standardization of Cellular Communication Technologies for Connected and Automated Vehicles","authors":"Kenji Hori","doi":"10.3169/itej.74.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3169/itej.74.255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39325,"journal":{"name":"Kyokai Joho Imeji Zasshi/Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69452588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1-3. Outline and Topics (3); Image sensors with new principle and their application systems","authors":"S. Imura","doi":"10.3169/itej.74.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3169/itej.74.273","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39325,"journal":{"name":"Kyokai Joho Imeji Zasshi/Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69453817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"アントレプレナー・エンジニアリングの研究動向","authors":"Satoshi Kabasawa","doi":"10.3169/itej.74.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3169/itej.74.342","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39325,"journal":{"name":"Kyokai Joho Imeji Zasshi/Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69455131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"5. Application of 5G Mobile Communication Systems to the Manufacturing Industry","authors":"T. Ikenaga, T. Nishida","doi":"10.3169/itej.74.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3169/itej.74.441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39325,"journal":{"name":"Kyokai Joho Imeji Zasshi/Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69460105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}