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Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice最新文献

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Common Exotic Pet Intoxications. 常见的外来宠物中毒。
Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2026.07.001
Scott Willens, Tina Wismer
{"title":"Common Exotic Pet Intoxications.","authors":"Scott Willens, Tina Wismer","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosing and treating intoxication in exotic pets can be challenging due to lack of species and toxin knowledge, reporting, and resources by both veterinarians and owners. We performed an American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Poison Control database search from 2021 to 2025 to identify common intoxications reported in exotic animal patients, denoting route of absorption and separated by vertebrate classes, including mammals (excluding dogs and cats), birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nutritional Deficiencies and Intoxications of the Exotic Animal Patient. 外来动物病人的营养缺乏和中毒。
Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.008
Jeffrey R Applegate, Scott Radke
{"title":"Nutritional Deficiencies and Intoxications of the Exotic Animal Patient.","authors":"Jeffrey R Applegate, Scott Radke","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Copper, iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamins A, C, and D are essential nutrients but can cause disease when deficient or excessive in exotic animals. Copper toxicity often results from dietary overload, causing liver damage and hemolysis, while deficiency leads to neurologic signs. Iron overload, especially in birds, causes hemosiderosis and organ damage. Zinc toxicity commonly arises from ingesting metal objects, producing neurological and gastrointestinal signs. Vitamin imbalances cause diverse effects: vitamin A affects epithelial health, vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, and vitamin D toxicity leads to hypercalcemia and tissue calcification. Proper diet management is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Triage, History Taking, and Decontamination for the Intoxicated Exotic Animal Patient. 中毒外来动物病人的分类、病史记录和去污。
Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.006
La'Toya V Latney, Cristine L Hayes
{"title":"Triage, History Taking, and Decontamination for the Intoxicated Exotic Animal Patient.","authors":"La'Toya V Latney, Cristine L Hayes","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses the approach to triage, obtaining a thorough patient and toxicologic history, and an update to decontamination techniques for common zoologic pet species. Special attention is given to considerations and resources that facilitate rapid assessment of the patient's exposure history to allow for prompt decontamination and treatment. Decontamination principles can be broadly applied across many species, and a comprehensive overview is provided of decontamination techniques in exotic species based on the exposure route.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Waterborne Toxicants for the Exotic Animal Patient. 外来动物病人的水生毒物。
Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.007
Stefan H Gallini, John P Buchweitz
{"title":"Waterborne Toxicants for the Exotic Animal Patient.","authors":"Stefan H Gallini, John P Buchweitz","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water can serve as a vector for distribution and exposure to both toxins and toxicants. Because water is essential for all species, water quality impacts the health of wildlife and animals under managed care. Waterborne toxicants and toxins in exotic species include heavy metals, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, algal blooms, nitrogenous wastes, and water treatment chemicals. Susceptibility varies by species, and mitigation typically requires supportive care and removal of the source of contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dietary Intoxications of the Exotic Animal Patient. 外来动物病人的饮食中毒。
Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.005
Vanessa E Cowan, Kyra J Berg
{"title":"Dietary Intoxications of the Exotic Animal Patient.","authors":"Vanessa E Cowan, Kyra J Berg","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avocado toxicosis is due to persin, which is found in all components of the plant. Rabbits, psittacines, ostriches, aye-ayes, and fish appear to be sensitive to avocado intoxication, which causes life-threatening cardiotoxicosis. Allium toxicosis causes hemolytic anemia that can be managed with blood transfusions, but can be life-threatening. Methylxanthine toxicosis appears to be limited to birds at this time, with similar clinical signs as dogs. Fireflies are highly toxic to bearded dragons and other lizards, causing fatal cardiotoxicosis. While dietary intoxications are often accidental, they can have life-threatening consequences with no documented antidotes. Therefore, prevention of toxicosis is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Approach to Suspected Poisonings in Exotic Animal Patients. 外来动物疑似中毒病例分析。
Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2026.07.002
Lisa A Murphy, Peter M DiGeronimo
{"title":"An Approach to Suspected Poisonings in Exotic Animal Patients.","authors":"Lisa A Murphy, Peter M DiGeronimo","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2026.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2026.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Airborne Toxicants in the Exotic Animal Patient. 外来动物病人体内的空气毒性物质。
Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.004
Julianne E McCready, Joshua T Butcher, João Brandão
{"title":"Airborne Toxicants in the Exotic Animal Patient.","authors":"Julianne E McCready, Joshua T Butcher, João Brandão","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many exotic companion animals are housed indoors and in close proximity to their human counterparts, increasing the potential for airborne toxicant exposure. Birds are particularly vulnerable because of their extremely efficient respiratory system. This article summarizes current knowledge on several airborne toxicants; smoke, carbon monoxide, oxygen, common household products and appliances, and tobacco and tobacco-like products. These substances have either been documented or are suspected to pose health risks to exotic animal species. Where possible, evidence-based treatment recommendations and management strategies are presented. Because airborne toxicants exposure can result in severe illness/death, client education and prevention remain critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adverse Drug Reactions in the Exotic Animal Patient. 外来动物患者的药物不良反应。
Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.002
Kristin L Gardiner, Laura Stern
{"title":"Adverse Drug Reactions in the Exotic Animal Patient.","authors":"Kristin L Gardiner, Laura Stern","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article summarizes major veterinary drugs and their toxicologic risks across exotic and wildlife species. Antibiotics, sedatives, anesthetics, analgesics, antiparasitics, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can cause severe species-specific adverse effects including dysbiosis, enterotoxemia, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiopulmonary depression, and death. Small mammals, reptiles, birds, and amphibians often show heightened sensitivity to certain agents, such as beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, acetaminophen, ivermectin, and fipronil. Injectable anesthetics and sedatives may induce respiratory or cardiovascular compromise, while non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and THC can produce neurologic toxicity. This article review emphasizes species-specific differences, dose-dependent effects, administration route considerations, and the importance of supportive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diagnostic Testing and Interpretation of Results in Exotic Animal Toxicology. 外来动物毒理学诊断试验和结果解释。
Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2026.05.001
Kevin D Niedringhaus, Lisa A Murphy
{"title":"Diagnostic Testing and Interpretation of Results in Exotic Animal Toxicology.","authors":"Kevin D Niedringhaus, Lisa A Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2026.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2026.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews considerations for pursuing and interpreting toxicology testing in exotic and nondomestic animals. It discusses obtaining appropriate case history, selection of diagnostic laboratories and tests, sample collection and submission procedures, and interpretation of results. Differences between screening and confirmatory testing, as well as qualitative and quantitative assays, are reviewed with emphasis on common challenges unique to exotic species.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toxic Plants in Zoological Medicine. 动物医学中的有毒植物。
Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.003
Peter M DiGeronimo, A Catherine Barr
{"title":"Toxic Plants in Zoological Medicine.","authors":"Peter M DiGeronimo, A Catherine Barr","doi":"10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2026.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many common plants contain potentially toxic compounds that can cause any number of clinical signs in susceptible species depending on the organ system affected. The diagnostic approach to cases of potential plant toxicosis includes accurate plant identification, confirmation or reasonable suspicion of consumption, and observation of characteristic clinical signs. In most cases treatment is symptomatic. This article discusses clinical considerations for cases of potential plant toxicosis, as well as several classes of toxic plant compounds that are common risks in exotic animal practice. Lists of potentially toxic plants and the clinical signs they may induce are included for practical reference.</p>","PeriodicalId":39240,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America - Exotic Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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