Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation最新文献

{"title":"Traveling Waves As a De-Powdering Process for Additively Manufactured Parts","authors":"Charles M. Tenney, V. V. S. Malladi, Patrick F. Musgrave, C. Williams, P. Tarazaga","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8189","url":null,"abstract":"Steady-state traveling waves in structures have been previously investigated for a variety of purposes including propulsion of objects and agitation of a surrounding medium. In the field of additive manufacturing, powder bed fusion (PBF) is a commonly used process that uses heat to fuse regions of metallic or polymer powders within a loose bed. PBF processes require post-process removal of loose powder, which can be difficult when blind holes or complex internal geometry are present in the fabricated part. Here, a preliminary investigation of a simple part is conducted examining the use of traveling waves for post-process de-powdering of additively manufactured specimens.\u0000 The generation of steady-state traveling waves in a structure is accomplished through excitation at a frequency between two adjacent resonant frequencies of the structure, resulting in two-mode excitation. This excitation can be generated by bonded piezoceramic elements actuated by a sinusoidal voltage signal. The response of the structure is affected by the parameters of the excitation, such as the particular frequency of the voltage signal, the placement of the piezoceramic actuators, and the phase difference in the signals applied to different actuators. Careful selection of these parameters allows adjustment of the quality, wavelength, and wave speed of the resulting traveling waves.\u0000 In this work, open-top rectangular box specimens composed of sintered nylon powder and coated with fine sand are used to represent freshly fabricated parts yet-to-be cleaned of un-sintered powder. Steady-state traveling waves are excited in the specimens while variations in the frequency content and phase differences between actuation points of the excitation are used to affect the characteristics of the dynamic response. The effectiveness of several response types for the purpose of moving un-sintered nylon powder within the specimens is investigated.","PeriodicalId":392289,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125941265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-Printed Stretchable Strain Sensor With Application to Wind Sensing","authors":"Mohammed Al-Rubaiai, Tsuruta Ryohei, U. Gandhi, Chuan Wang, Xiaobo Tan","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-7945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-7945","url":null,"abstract":"Stretchable strain sensors with large strain range, high sensitivity, and excellent reliability are of great interest for applications in soft robotics, wearable devices, and structure-monitoring systems. Unlike conventional template lithography-based approaches, 3D-printing can be used to fabricate complex devices in a simple and cost-effective manner. In this paper, we report 3D-printed stretchable strain sensors that embeds a flexible conductive composite material in a hyper-plastic substrate. Three commercially available conductive filaments are explored, among which the conductive thermoplastic polyurethane (ETPU) shows the highest sensitivity (gauge factor of 5), with a working strain range of 0%–20%. The ETPU strain sensor exhibits an interesting behavior where the conductivity increases with the strain. In addition, an experiment for measuring the wind speed is conducted inside a wind tunnel, where the ETPU sensor shows sensitivity to the wind speed beyond 5.6 m/s.","PeriodicalId":392289,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123763145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ferroelectricity and Crystallinity of Zirconia, Hafnia and Hafnium Zirconium Oxide (HZO) Ultrathin Films Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition With and Without Post-Annealing","authors":"Tzu-Yao Hsu, B. Lin, J. Shieh, Miin-Jang Chen","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-7946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-7946","url":null,"abstract":"Large stable ferroelectricity in hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) solid solution ultrathin films (including pure zirconia (ZrO2) and hafnia (HfO2)) and ZrO2/HfO2 bilayer ultrathin films of thickness ranging from 5–12 nm, prepared by thermal atomic layer deposition or remote plasma atomic layer deposition (RP-ALD) has been demonstrated. Ferroelectric crystallization of the ZrO2 ultrathin film with high-pressure orthorhombic (o) space group Pbc21 could be achieved without post-annealing due to the plasma-induced thermal stresses experienced by the film during the RP-ALD process. In contrast, for the ZrO2/HfO2 bilayer ultrathin film, due to the high crystallization temperature of HfO2, post-annealing was needed to achieve sufficient confinement of the sandwiched HfO2 layer by the ZrO2 top layer and Si bottom substrate to promote the high-pressure ferroelectric o-phase in HfO2. The ferroelectric properties of the HZO ultrathin films prepared by RP-ALD were highly dependent on the Hf-to-Zr ratio — an increasing amount of HfO2 has been found to be detrimental to the ferroelectricity, mainly due to the high crystallization temperature of HfO2. Without post-annealing, the ferroelectricity of the HZO ultrathin films was governed by the relative amounts of the amorphous phase and the ferroelectric o-phase induced by the plasma treatment. While with post-annealing, the ferroelectricity was governed by the relative amounts of the ferroelectric o-phase and the non-ferroelectric monoclinic (m) phase.","PeriodicalId":392289,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124560543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static and Dynamic Characterization of Magnetorheological Elastomers Under Shear Mode Operation","authors":"Ashkan Dargahi, R. Sedaghati, S. Rakheja","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8209","url":null,"abstract":"Static and dynamic properties of six magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) with iron particles volume fraction ranging from 12.5% to 40% were experimentally characterized under shear mode operation. The experiments were designed on the basis of standardized methods defined in ISO-1827 and ISO-4664. The static shear stress-shear strain data obtained under strains up to 30% were used to quantify absolute and relative MR effects of the MREs as functions of magnetic flux density in the 0 to 450 mT range. The MRE specimen with highest iron particles fraction and a softening agent revealed greatest MR effect. The dynamic characteristics of this MRE specimen were then evaluated under harmonic excitations in the 0.1–50 Hz frequency range with shear strain amplitude and magnetic flux density ranging from 2.5 to 20%, and 0 to 450 mT, respectively. The data were then utilized to evaluate elastic and loss shear moduli of the specimen.","PeriodicalId":392289,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126752603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of a Composite Piezoelectric and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Beam for Adaptive Stiffness Applications","authors":"Srinivas Koushik Gundimeda, S. Kunc, J. Gallagher, R. Fragoudakis","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8132","url":null,"abstract":"Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) beams have shown over a 20% decrease in weight compared to more traditional materials without affecting system performance or fatigue life. These beams are being studied for use in automobile leaf-spring suspension systems to reduce the overall weight of the car therefore increasing fuel efficiency. These systems are subject to large amplitude mechanical vibrations at relatively constant frequencies, making them an ideal location for potential energy scavenging applications. This study analyses the effect on performance of GFRP beams by substituting various composite layers with piezoelectric fiber layers and the results on deflection and stiffness. Maximum deflection and stress in the beam is calculated for varying the piezoelectric fiber layer within the beam. Initial simulations of a simply supported multimorph beam were run in ABAQUS/CAE. The beam was designed with symmetric piezoelectric layers sandwiching a layer of S2-glass fiber reinforced polymer and modeled after traditional mono leaf-spring suspension designs with total dimensions 1480 × 72 × 37 mm3, with 27 mm camber. Both piezoelectric and GFRP layers had the same dimensions and initially were assumed to have non-directional bulk behavior. The loading of the beam was chosen to resemble loading of a leaf spring, corresponding to the stresses required to cycle the leaf at a stress ratio between R = 0.2 and 0.4, common values in heavy-duty suspension fatigue analysis. The maximum stresses accounted for are based on the monotonic load required to set the bottom leaf surface under tension. These results were then used in a fiber orientation optimization algorithm in Matlab. Analysis was conducted on a general stacking sequence [0°/45°]s, and stress distributions for cross ply [0°/90°]s, and angle ply [+45°/−45°]s were examined. Fiber orientation was optimized for both the glass fiber reinforced polymer layer to maximize stiffness, and the piezoelectric fiber layers to simultaneously minimize the effect on stiffness while minimizing deflection. Likewise, these fibers could be activated through the application of electric field to increase or decrease the stiffness of the beam. The optimal fiber orientation was then imported back into the ABAQUS/CAE model for a refined simulation taking into account the effects of fiber orientation on each layer.","PeriodicalId":392289,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123328263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-Point Loaded Piezocomposite Beam: Modeling of Vibration Energy Harvesting","authors":"H. Sharghi, O. Bilgen","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-7947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-7947","url":null,"abstract":"Energy harvesting from ambient vibrations and mechanical deformations using piezoelectric materials has received significant attention over the last decade. These types of energy harvesters find applications in structural health monitoring, wireless sensor networks, etc. In this paper, vibration energy harvesting from piezocomposite beams with unconventional boundary conditions is investigated. The so-called inertial four-point boundary condition is useful in applications where the cantilevered beam setup leads to non-uniform stress-strain distribution along the beam domain. In this paper, the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is used to model the beam. The voltage output, maximum power output, and the tip velocity are investigated. The efficiency of the four-point loaded beam is compared to a cantilever beam.","PeriodicalId":392289,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114071763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Model of Shape Memory Alloy Helical Springs","authors":"W. Zaki, N. V. Viet","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8075","url":null,"abstract":"A new analytical model is proposed for superelastic helical SMA springs subjected to axial loading. The model is derived based on the ZM constitutive model for SMAs and is applicable to springs with index greater than 4 and pitch angle greater than 15°, which are common specifications in engineering applications. The analytical axial force-deformation relation for the helical spring is derived taking into account phase transformation within the SMA and the model is validated against 3D finite element analysis results.","PeriodicalId":392289,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121570685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Validation of Neo-Hookean Fiber Reinforced Elastic Solids","authors":"Veysel Erel, Mingliang Jiang, M. Moreno, A. Freed","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8118","url":null,"abstract":"There have been various theoretical studies done on anisotropic neo-Hookean models; however, there have been limited experimental validations of these theories. In this study, a silicone/silicone laminate with a fiber volume fraction of 18% has been parameterized. Conventional neo-Hookean models have been modified for compressible in-plane deformations. Two-dimensional deformation limitations and a compressible constraint have been discussed. Material parameters have been calculated for three different anisotropic, neo-Hookean models from the literature.","PeriodicalId":392289,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130196396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peristaltic Pumping and Propulsion With Distributed Piezocomposite Actuators","authors":"O. Bilgen, I. Bartol, P. Krueger","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-7953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-7953","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the feasibility of a soft-structure peristaltic pumping and propulsion concept with distributed self-contained piezocomposite actuators. The peristaltic propulsion concept is analogous to various natural and synthetic mechanisms such as: (i) pulsed jet propulsion and thrust vectoring observed in squids, and (ii) operation principle of multi-phase linear electromagnetic motors. This paper proposes a propulsion system involving a series of active soft cymbal-like segments that are connected with passive soft connective segments. The active sections of the channel have distributed piezocomposite actuators, and these embedded self-contained devices enable the active section of the channel to expand and contract much like the muscular hydrostatic mantle of squids. A series of phased excitations in expansion and contraction applied to different active segments of the channel create a traveling wave along the axis of the channel, which in return “propels” the fluid in one direction. A tubular aperture with vectoring capabilities, similar to the rotating funnel of squids, is also possible. The paper presents feasibility of the concept with theoretical and experimental analyses.","PeriodicalId":392289,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131861002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Atomizers: Electromechanical Modeling and Performance Testing","authors":"Éric Dupuis, A. Momen, V. Patel, S. Shahab","doi":"10.1115/SMASIS2018-8262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2018-8262","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonic atomization of bulk liquids has received extensive attention in the past few decades due to the ability to produce controlled droplet sizes, a necessity for many industries such as spray coating and aerosol drug delivery. Despite the increase in attention, one novel application of this technology has been overlooked until recently, and that is the moisture removal capabilities of atomization. The first ever ultrasonic dryer, created by researchers at Oak Ridge National Lab in 2016, applies the mechanisms of atomization to mechanically remove moisture from clothing. The process utilizes the ultrasonic vibrations created by a piezoelectric transducer in direct contact with a wet fabric to rupture the liquid-vapor boundary of the retained water. Once ruptured, smaller droplets are ejected from the bulk liquid and are actively removed from the fabric pores. The mechanisms of droplet ejection from this event are related to both capillary waves forming on the liquid surface (Capillary Wave Theory), as well as the implosion of cavitation bubbles formed from the hydraulic shocks propagating from the transducer (Cavitation Theory). In this work, we present an analytical model for predicting the moisture removal rate of a wet fabric exposed to ultrasonic vibrations, and connect the atomization events to a global variable, acceleration, in order to decouple the relationship between the transducer and applied voltage. The acceleration governing atomization is predicted using a verified numerical model. The numerical model is shown to assist in developing ultrasonic drying by means of efficiently evaluating transducer design changes.","PeriodicalId":392289,"journal":{"name":"Volume 1: Development and Characterization of Multifunctional Materials; Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128865424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}