International Journal of Rural Management最新文献

{"title":"A Holistic Manure Management Model by Leveraging Dairy Cooperative Network","authors":"Dilip Rath, Y. Joshi","doi":"10.1177/0973005220950520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005220950520","url":null,"abstract":"India continues to remain the world’s largest milk producer largely due to the efforts of millions of small and marginal dairy farmers and an efficient dairy value chain established through institutional structures in the form of dairy cooperatives. While the efforts to strengthen dairy value chain are continuing, the potential of dung of dairy animals as a key by-product remains largely unexplored. Animal dung is generally used in India as agriculture input and cooking fuel. Innovation of anaerobic digesters in the last century did provide an option of extracting biogas from dung. At the same time, a proper value addition of bioslurry produced from the biogas does have an immense potential to satisfy fertiliser needs in India. India’s 303 million strong bovine population has the capacity to produce 995 million tonnes of recoverable dung having potential to suffice cooking fuel need of entire rural households, and at the same time can significantly contribute in reducing use of chemical fertilisers by using digestate/slurry as replacement. This article attempts to explore the potential of animal manure as provider of energy and fertiliser. It also deliberates upon the attempt of National Dairy Development Board to establish manure value chain providing remunerative price of animal dung to farmers while satisfying their cooking needs and contributing towards mitigation of adverse environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":39177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"131 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0973005220950520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47462005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water for All (Har Ghar Jal): Rural Water Supply Services (RWSS) in India (2013–2018), Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Sriroop Chaudhuri, Mimi Roy, L. McDonald, Y. Emendack","doi":"10.1177/0973005220946661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005220946661","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable delivery of drinking water of adequate quantity/quality sits at the core of rural development paradigms worldwide. The overarching goal of this study was to assess operational performance of rural water supply services (RWSS) in India to help authorities understand challenges/shortfalls vis-à-vis opportunities. Data on habitation-level coverage, aggregated by states between 2013 and 2018, were obtained from the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) database, against two water supply norms, namely, 40 lpcd and 55 lpcd (litres per capita per day). Results indicate that certain states are faring better (providing full coverage to over 90% habitations) while others are lagging (e.g., the north-eastern region, and Kerala and Karnataka in the South, for both norms). Several states yet fail to provide 55 lpcd to over half of their rural habitations. Overall, RWSS is marked by high spatial heterogeneity, inequality and recurrent slip-backs (decline in year-to-year habitation coverage) that thwart the basic motto of NRDWP—Har Ghar Jal (Water for All). Ground-level experience reveals a mismatch between theoretical systems’ output (40 lpcd and 55 lpcd) and on-site delivery, and highly intermittent services. Moreover, frequent scheme failure/abandonment adds to systems’ uncertainties and water users’ plight. A multitude of operational/organisational flaws, associated with government waterworks bodies, at different levels of systems’ hierarchy, limit RWSS operational performance. To that end, the concluding section argues for a demand-driven RWSS model (bottom-up systems’ governance) and highlights the core tenets of the same that call for integration of environmental, social, cultural, ethical and political perspectives in RWSS systems’ thinking/design.","PeriodicalId":39177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"254 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0973005220946661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45484543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Cost Inefficiency of Maize Farming in Different Agro-climatic Regions of Sikkim, India","authors":"Pradyut Guha, T. Das","doi":"10.1177/0973005220942612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005220942612","url":null,"abstract":"The present study makes an attempt to analyse farm level cost inefficiency of maize farming and its determinants in different agro-climatic regions of Sikkim. The primary data for the study were collected during the third and fourth quarter of 2018 from different agro-climatic regions of Sikkim. Both data envelopment and stochastic frontier analysis were used for measurement of the farm level inefficiency across different agro-climatic regions of the study area. Based on the Cobb–Douglas cost function for maize output, the article simultaneously estimated stochastic frontier cost function and examined the effect of exogenous factors on farm level cost inefficiency. The results of this study showed that, on an average, the farmer incurred cost which was 8 per cent to 72 per cent above the minimum cost defined by the best practice frontier. Further, cost inefficiency was relatively higher among the farmers in temperate agro-climatic region. Greater cost inefficiency seems to be directly associated with remoteness of farmland from input market. The study also found that the additional years of farming experience and farming in the rented plots were useful in reducing cost inefficiency.","PeriodicalId":39177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"177 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0973005220942612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42784084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commons as Demanding Social Constructions: The Case of Aquifers in Rural Karnataka","authors":"F. Landy, L. Ruiz, Julie Jacquet, Audrey Richard-Ferroudji, M. Sekhar, Hélène Guétat-Bernard, M. Oger-Marengo, G. Venkatasubramanian, C. Noûs","doi":"10.1177/0973005220945428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005220945428","url":null,"abstract":"It is only recently that research on Indian groundwater has considered a perspective in terms of commons. ATCHA, an interdisciplinary project that includes among others hydrology, crop modelling and remote sensing analysis, includes such a lens in its study of the Berambadi watershed, Karnataka, India. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews and focus groups have shown that the local aquifers are not managed as a commons, and brought into light several factors hindering collective action. In this paper, these factors are reconsidered, in particular through Ostrom’s criteria. The national policy is currently trying to define a new legal framework for more sustainable management of the resource, but this new law is not known to users and it seems difficult to implement because it calls into question too many vested interests. We argue for aquifer management committees, which could be an intermediary between national policy orientations and users who are (rationally) not endorsing collective action.","PeriodicalId":39177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Management","volume":"17 1","pages":"27 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0973005220945428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41404503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural Local Government Finance and Its Management in Thailand: Reflections and Prospective Through Tambon Administrative Organisations","authors":"Kanokwan Meesook, Jayant K. Routray, Mokbul M. Ahmad","doi":"10.1177/0973005220945181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005220945181","url":null,"abstract":"This research article attempts to study and analyse different sources of revenue, pattern of expenditure and revenue-generating capacity and overall financial management assessment by different sizes of Tambon Administrative Organizations (TAOs). In the light of decentralised administrative and development practices of Thailand, particularly generating and managing local financial resources is the key for meeting people’s needs and executing their projects. TAO members and peoples in general are well aware of the need of adopting an efficient financial management system while generating more financial resources to fulfil the local development needs. Irrespective of revenue size and economic base of TAOs, it is not so easy to expand areas for generating local revenue. However, large Tambons have relatively advantage over small and medium ones. Similarly, the mixed economy type of TAOs has better scope than the agriculture type. Small TAOs have managed the financial resources better than others. Local revenue generation and efficient management of available resources is the key to support local development.","PeriodicalId":39177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"199 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0973005220945181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42372844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Lesotho Dairy Products to the Livelihoods of Dairy Farm Households in Maseru and Berea Districts in Lesotho","authors":"Tšepiso A. Rantšo, Moipone Makhobotloane","doi":"10.1177/0973005220930383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005220930383","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture forms a major source of livelihood for many people in Lesotho. The major agricultural activities include crop production and animal husbandry. Many farmers produce agricultural goods, mainly crops for subsistence purposes. There are also some subsistence farmers who participate in animal husbandry. Subsistence farmers keep livestock mainly for social and economic purposes. For instance, some farmers rear animals for prestige, ploughing, paying bride prices as well as producing milk for household use. The traditional breeds of cattle in many parts of Lesotho are kept mainly for domestic use. Despite a large number of Basotho farmers keeping livestock for subsistence purposes, there are some farmers who rear cattle for producing milk. These cattle are purchased from the neighbouring South Africa, while some are crossbred in the country. Some dairy farmers are members of associations, while others are not. Both association members and non-members market the milk in the local dairy industry, Lesotho Dairy Products (LDP). The supply of milk to the local dairy industry is not sustainable due to the small number of farmers participating in dairy farming. This has thwarted the capacity of the dairy industry to produce a variety of dairy products for the domestic market. As a result, the local market is flooded with milk products imported from South Africa. This shows that the forward linkage between LDP and farmers is too weak. This has in turn affected the output (backward linkage) of the dairy industry negatively. The industry specialises in the production of a few dairy products. Besides creating employment opportunities for dairy farmers, farm workers, as well as people working in the industry, the dairy industry has limited backward linkage within the local economy. It does not produce essential agricultural inputs for farmers such as pesticides and dairy cattle. In the light of these, this research study investigates the contribution of the dairy industry in improving the lives of dairy farm households and the economy of Lesotho. This is achieved by looking at production linkages (forward and backward) between dairy farmers and LDP.","PeriodicalId":39177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"156 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0973005220930383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42820642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complexities of Leading Rural Schools in South Africa: Learning from Principals’ Voices","authors":"P. Myende, Selaelo Maifala","doi":"10.1177/0973005220930382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005220930382","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports the findings of a qualitative study that examined what it means to be a principal in the context of rurality. We argue that principals in the 21st century encounter complex work situations that make it hard for them to manoeuvre. Furthermore, for principals in the context of rurality, such complexities pose multiple dilemmas, given that rurality exposes principals to multiple challenges. Using a case study within an interpretive paradigm, we interviewed and observed five principals from rural schools in the Limpopo province. The study found that principals’ leadership focuses dominantly on administrative tasks. It further identified social and institutional complexities that principals encounter and argues that these complexities compel to treat rural schools as systems. While we hail this view of schools, it emerged that some units of the system appear to be thwarting the progress of principals in leading rural schools. We conclude that, at times, principals’ leadership in the context of rurality can be defined as a leadership that shuns policies and issues of social justice for the purpose of finding what works in their contexts.","PeriodicalId":39177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"225 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0973005220930382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45177457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livelihood Enhancement Through Community-owned Agro-service Centres: A Case Study of MAVIM","authors":"N. Bharti","doi":"10.1177/0973005219877282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005219877282","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy with more than 50 per cent of population been dependent of agriculture for their livelihood. However, low profitability from agriculture, high input cost and seasonality of agriculture produce, fails to make it a sustainable source of livelihood for Indian farmers. The transaction cost theory believes that collective actions can help decrease cost and increase profitability in the sector. Mahila Arthik Vikas Mahamandal (MAVIM) took an initiative to open community managed agro service centers with the objective of providing quality input at a reasonable price. A qualitative study in two districts i.e. Thane and Yavatmal was conducted. Both primary as well as secondary data was collected for this study. Direct contacts and discussions were held with staff of MAVIM district office, community-managed resource center (CMRCs), agro service centers as well as the beneficiaries. The study found that the agro-service centers promoted by MAVIM are doing well and being a form of collective, have helped farmer’s in reducing the cost of operation and increasing their bargaining power in the market. The study concludes that with small changes in the design and structure of the intervention, the organization can help them in achieving their objectives.","PeriodicalId":39177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"33 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0973005219877282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45609185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from Healthcare PPP’s in India","authors":"S. Rajasulochana, Dayashankar Maurya","doi":"10.1177/0973005220916312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005220916312","url":null,"abstract":"The NITI Aayog is working to develop and conduct pilot public–private partnership (PPP) projects to improve the delivery of healthcare services. The last two decades saw a rise in discussions and debates on the varied PPP models, as an opportunity to harness the private sector efficiencies and to supplement the public resources. However, the enthusiasm for experimenting with the PPP models fall short of the learnings from it. The limited but growing evidence based on PPPs in healthcare suggests that even the basic tenets of design and implementation of the PPP model have not been met, such as selection of qualified providerscontractors, designing contracts that align incentives, appropriately allocate risks and managing contracts using appropriate performance management tools. In general, the PPP models involve considerable risks and more so in healthcare given its unique characteristics, therefore if not designed and implemented with care, PPP’s in healthcare would prove to be wasteful and burdensome on the public exchequer.","PeriodicalId":39177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"12 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0973005220916312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47248833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supermarkets and Rural Inequality in India: A Case Study of Reliance Fresh","authors":"Rajib Sutradhar, Anamika Das","doi":"10.1177/0973005219898918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005219898918","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing upon insights from growing strand of value chain literature, this article examines primary data collected from farmers supplying cauliflower and spinach to Reliance Fresh in the outskirts of Jaipur to understand the implication for farmer households of emergence of supermarket in a smallholder-dominated setting. The article finds that as a lead firm, Reliance Fresh is adopting flexible models of sourcing, devoid of any resource provision, to procure fresh produce of required quality and standards. In such a context, the barrier to participation of smallholders in supermarket-driven agri-food system varies across crops, depending on resource intensity of crops. Participation of smallholders, poorly endowed with human and physical capital, is limited in resource-intensive crop, such as cauliflower, because of high entry barrier in terms of requirement of assets. In contrast, entry barrier is low for smallholders in labour-intensive crop such as spinach, but competition among them, endowed with family labour, bid the rent down to the minimum. Gini decomposition exercise indicates that the emergence of supermarket-driven agri-food system has adverse distributional consequence in rural agrarian setting. Promotion of wholesale market with better infrastructure and encouragement of farmer federation as institutional innovations are suggested for inclusive agri-food marketing system.","PeriodicalId":39177,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rural Management","volume":"16 1","pages":"104 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0973005219898918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45908142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}