Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal最新文献

{"title":"Dinuclear Copper(II) 3,4,5-Tri-O-benzylgallate","authors":"M. Mikuriya, Chihiro Yamakawaa, Sayuri Yamaguchib, N. Masuda, D. Yoshioka, Hidetoshi Yamada, Tsutomu Mizuta, Naomi Kawata, Hidekazu Tanaka, M. Handa","doi":"10.2174/1877944108666180702112853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877944108666180702112853","url":null,"abstract":"Ellagitannins have attracted much attention because of the biological and pharmacological activities. In the total synthesis of ellagitannins, 3,4,5-tri-O-benzylgallic acid has been a key compound to introduce the protected galloyl group. From the perspective of coordination chemistry, 3,4,5-tri-O-benzylgallic acid is an interesting carboxylate ligand which might be capable of dinuclear carboxylate complex. Such a dinuclear carboxylate complex might be interesting as a new example of copper acetate type complexes.The objective of the work is to synthesize a copper acetate type complex by using 3,4,5-tri-O-benzylgallic acid and to see a new feature of copper acetate compounds, by elucidating the crystal structure, magnetic property, and adsorption property for N2gas.Copper(II) 3,4,5-tri-O-benzylgallate has been synthesized by a reaction of 3,4,5-tri-O-benzylgallic acid and copper(II) nitrate at pH=9 condition. The isolated complex was characterized using single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, XRD analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility.The crystal structure shows a crystallographically centrosymmetric dinuclear molecule with four carboxylato-bridges and axial dimethylformamide molecules and crystal dmf molecules [Cu···Cu 2.6345(12) Å]. In the crystal, 1D supramolecular assembly by π-π interaction between the benzyl aromatic rings of dinuclear molecules was observed. Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibilities showed a considerable antiferromagnetic interaction between the two copper(II) ions (2J = –214 cm–1). Type-II gas-adsorption property was observed for N2.A key-compound for the total synthesis of ellagitannins, 3,4,5-tri-O-benzylgallic acid (Htbng), was shown to be a new ligand for the synthesis of dinuclear copper acetate analogue with a lantern-type core, extending the realm of copper acetate clusters.","PeriodicalId":39133,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90173197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel (N4) Macrocyclic Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Spectral Studies and Anticancer Activity","authors":"H. El-Boraey, O. El-Gammal","doi":"10.2174/1874842201805010051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874842201805010051","url":null,"abstract":"A new series of mononuclear Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes correspond to tetradentate macrocyclic nitrogen ligandi.e.naphthyl-3,4:10,11-dibenzo,7-methylene,8-methyl,6-phenyl-1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclohexadecane-5,8-diene-2,12-dione metal(II) complexes, have been synthesized by the template condensation reaction.The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (IR, UV–Vis, and ESR, molar conductivity, and magnetic as well as thermal analysis measurements.On the basis of above studies, an octahedral geometry has been proposed for all complexes except Cu(II) nitrate complex that adopt square pyramidal geometry, and square planar geometry for Pd(II) chloride complex, respectively.The thermal behavior and the kinetic parameters of degradation were determined using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger methods. Moreover, thein vitroantitumor activity of the some synthesized complexes against human breast and human hepatocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7) and (HePG2), respectively has been studied.","PeriodicalId":39133,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85763223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Properties of One- and Two-Dimensional Functional Materials: Oxygen Molecules Encapsulated in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Copper Ions Embedded into Phthalocyanine Sheets","authors":"M. Hagiwara, T. Kida, K. Matsuda, Haruka Kyakuno, Yutaka Mniwa, Zentaro Hondad, Yuya Sakaguchi, M. Tashiro, M. Sakai, T. Fukuda, N. Kamata, K. Okunishi","doi":"10.2174/1877944108666180629112859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1877944108666180629112859","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In this paper, we report on the topics of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional\u0000(2D) functional materials. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) are seamless hollow cylinders made of\u0000hexagonal lattice graphite sheets. The SWCNTs have attracted considerable attention due to the applicability of\u0000their enclosed nanospaces to engineering, and many types of guest materials are encapsulated inside their 1D\u0000space, expecting unusual properties. The poly Transition Metal (TM) phthalocyanine, in which phthalocyanine\u0000units are extended in two dimensions by sharing benzene rings, is one of the examples of the TM containing 2D\u0000carbon materials. Because of strong correlation between localized d-electrons in the TM atom and delocalized\u0000π-electrons on the poly phthalocyanine frame, it is expected that spin-polarized conduction, which is useful for\u0000the spintronic applications.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of the first work is to synthesize SWCNTs encapsulating oxygen molecules having\u0000spin one, whose O-O bond directions are aligned to the longitudinal direction of the SWCNTs. The objective of\u0000the second work is to synthesize Poly Cu Phthalocyanine (PCuPc) through a bottom-up method by using copper\u0000octacyanophthalocyanine as a building block and to elucidate its crystal structure and magnetic properties.\u0000\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 SWCNTs with inner diameter of ca 0.8 nm were prepared by the CoMoCAT method, and encapsulated together with oxygen molecules (~400 Torr) into a high-purity quartz tube. To subtract the background signals of the SWCNTs and the quartz tube, we prepared the same SWCNTs inducing He gas after evacuating oxygen molecules. Magnetization measurements of these SWCNTs samples were conducted by means of a SQUID magnetometer and a pulse magnet using an induction method. PCuPc were synthesized by a solid state reaction of octacyanophthalocyanine, tetracyanobenzene, and CuCl2·2H2O in glass ampoules sealed after evacuation. The as-synthesized samples were characterized using XRD analysis and TEM microscopy. Magnetization measurement of the samples were done by using a SQUID magnetometer.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The intrinsic magnetization data from oxygen molecules inside the SWCNTs (temperature and magnetic field dependence) show magnetic properties typical of the spin-one Heisenberg antiferromagnet named a Haldane magnet. PCuPc and its half-filling counterpart were obtained by solid state reaction. Both magnetic susceptibility and magnetization of PCuPc are larger than those of half-filling PCuPc, but the magnitudes of the former sample are about 1.5 times larger than those of the latter one, which is expected to be twice from the geometric superlattice structure.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We have studied magnetic properties (magnetic susceptibility and magnetization) of oxygen molecules encapsulated into Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) with diameters of about 0.8 nm, regarded as a 1D functional magnetic material, and Poly Copper Phthalocyanine (PCuPc) and poly half-filling copper phthalocyanine ","PeriodicalId":39133,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72695587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Synthetic Method of 1,5-Dimethyl-3-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0] Hexane-2,4-Dione","authors":"Youcef Mechehoud, Nadjah Belattar, S. Benayache, F. Benayache, P. Mosset","doi":"10.2174/1874842201805010044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874842201805010044","url":null,"abstract":"RESEARCH ARTICLE A New Synthetic Method of 1,5-Dimethyl-3-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0] Hexane-2,4-Dione Youcef Mechehoud, Nadjah Belattar, Samir Benayache, Fadila Benayache and Paul Mosset Research Unity of Valorization of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules and Physicochemical Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of MentouriBrothers, Constantine-1, 25000, Algeria. University of Rennes, 1263 Avenue of General Leclerc, Building 10 A, Door 154/1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France","PeriodicalId":39133,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78499561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic, DNA Cleavage and Pharmacokinetic Parameter Study of Substituted Novel Furan C-2 Quinoline Coupled 1, 2, 4-Triazole and Its Analogs.","authors":"Rajpurohit Anantacharya, Nayak D Satyanarayan, Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal, Vinitha Ramanath Pai","doi":"10.2174/1874104501812010073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874104501812010073","url":null,"abstract":"Background Furan, quinoline and triazoles are known for their wide spectrum biologically active molecules. A series of novel furan C-2 quinoline and 1, 2, 4-triazole (FQT) coupled hybrids were designed and synthesized to evaluate for their DNA cleavage and cytotoxic studies. Objectives In this work we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of furan C-2 quinoline coupled triazoles exposed for cytotoxic and DNA cleavage study. Methods The electrophoretic DNA cleavage studies on λ-DNA (Eco-RI/Hinda-III double digest) using agarose gelelectrophoresis and the cytotoxic activity were carried out by MTT assay method. Results The results revealed that, the molecules 7(a-o) did cleave the DNA completely with no trace of fragments at 100 µg concentration, on the other hand, cytotoxic assay was achieved by two different human cancer cell lines (melanoma cell line-A375 and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231). Among the synthesized compounds 7a, 7b, 7c and 7k exhibited potent cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 2.9, 4.0, 7.8 and 5.1 µg/ml against A375 and 6.2, 9.5, 11.3 and 7.3 µg/ml against, MDA-MB 231, respectively. Conclusion In synthesized compounds 7(a-o) exhibited complete DNA cleavage at 100 µg/ml and the compounds 7a, 7b, 7c and 7k showed very less cytotoxic in nature. The structure activity relationship revealed that, the presence of halogen group/atoms at para position of phenyl ring remarkably enhanced the DNA cleavage and cytotoxic activities among the synthesized compounds.","PeriodicalId":39133,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6008984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36311514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic, DNA Cleavage and Pharmacokinetic Parameter Study of Substituted Novel Furan C-2 Quinoline Coupled 1, 2, 4-Triazole and Its Analogs.","authors":"Rajpurohit Anantacharya, Nayak D Satyanarayan, Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal, Vinitha Ramanath Pai","doi":"10.2174/1874104501812010060","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874104501812010060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Furan, quinoline and triazoles are known for their wide spectrum biologically active molecules. A series of novel furan C-2 quinoline and 1, 2, 4-triazole (FQT) coupled hybrids were designed and synthesized to evaluate for their DNA cleavage and cytotoxic studies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this work we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of furan C-2 quinoline coupled triazoles exposed for cytotoxic and DNA cleavage study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The electrophoretic DNA cleavage studies on λ-DNA (Eco-RI/Hinda-III double digest) using agarose gelelectrophoresis and the cytotoxic activity were carried out by MTT assay method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that, the molecules 7(a-o) did cleave the DNA completely with no trace of fragments at 100 µg concentration, on the other hand, cytotoxic assay was achieved by two different human cancer cell lines (melanoma cell line-A375 and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231). Among the synthesized compounds 7a, 7b, 7c and 7k exhibited potent cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.9, 4.0, 7.8 and 5.1 µg/ml against A375 and 6.2, 9.5, 11.3 and 7.3 µg/ml against, MDA-MB 231, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In synthesized compounds 7(a-o) exhibited complete DNA cleavage at 100 µg/ml and the compounds 7a, 7b, 7c and 7k showed very less cytotoxic in nature. The structure activity relationship revealed that, the presence of halogen group/atoms at para position of phenyl ring remarkably enhanced the DNA cleavage and cytotoxic activities among the synthesized compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":39133,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"60-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5997846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36311513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Triazole Schiff's Base Derivatives as Potential Antitubercular Agents.","authors":"Asma A Sager,&nbsp;Zainab S Abood,&nbsp;Wedad M El-Amary,&nbsp;Salah M Bensaber,&nbsp;Inass A Al-Sadawe,&nbsp;Nouri B Ermeli,&nbsp;Salah B Mohamed,&nbsp;Mohamed Al-Forgany,&nbsp;Ibrahim A Mrema,&nbsp;Mabrouk Erhuma,&nbsp;Anton Hermann,&nbsp;Abdul M Gbaj","doi":"10.2174/1874104501812010048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874104501812010048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is the second important cause of death worldwide caused by a bacterium called <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. There is a need to find and develop new Anti-TB medications that are effective, inexpensive and suitable with human immunodeficiency virus and other anti-TB drugs used in many countries and mainly the developing countries where the disease is widespread. These drugs must be designed to shorten treatment time and to be active against resistant forms of the mycobacteria that will help to increase the patients compliance. A key compound which could be used as a lead to meet these requirements, is the thiolactomycin (TLM). This antibiotic which is naturally available has an ability to treat <i>M. tuberculosis</i> by inhibiting condensing enzymes called FAS II (mtFabH, KasA and KasB) which are related to biosynthesis of mycolic acid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our main aims are to design and synthesize analogues of TLM as new lead molecules which could be a possible anti-TB candidate. To overcome the synthetic challenges associated with preparing the chiral TLM analogues; we synthesized and investigated a series of triazole analogues as inhibitors of KasA enzyme and the whole cell <i>Mycobacteria</i>. A series of twelve compounds were synthesized, purified and fully characterized using several spectroscopic techniques. Molecular modelling studies for our synthesised compounds were achieved by using a modelling program called AutoDock 4.2 utilising rigid docking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results indicate that analogues of TLM show a good activity as compared to TLM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The activity obtained for the synthesized compounds against <i>Mycobacteria tuberculosis</i> indicate that the synthesised compounds <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, <b>6</b> and <b>9</b> are pharmacologically active as they restrained the growth of the <i>Mycobacteria</i> bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":39133,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"48-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874104501812010048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36182232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purified Mushroom Tyrosinase Induced Melanogenic Protein Expression in B16F10 Melanocytes: A Quantitative Densitometric Analysis.","authors":"Kamal U Zaidi, Sharique A Ali, Ayesha S Ali","doi":"10.2174/1874104501812010036","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874104501812010036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human skin exists in a wide range of different colors and gradations, ranging from white to brown to black. This is due to the presence of a chemically inert and stable pigment known as melanin, which is produced deep inside the skin but is displayed as a mosaic at the surface of the body.</p><p><strong>Methods & materials: </strong>In mammalian melanocytes, melanosome is a highly specialized organelle where melanin is synthesized. Melanin synthesis is controlled by tyrosinase, the vital enzyme in melanogenic pathway. The present investigation is based on the effect of purified tyrosinase of <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> on B16F10 melanocytes for melanogenic protein expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the treatment of purified tyrosinase B16F10 melanocytes did not show any cytotoxic effect. Melanin content in B16F10 melanocytes was increased by purified tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative western blot analysis revealed that cellular tyrosinase intensity was enhanced after treatment with purified tyrosinase for 48 hours, where the band intensity had a steady increase in the absorption of purified tyrosinase in B16F10 cells. The density analysis described increased absorption for 2 to 5 bands as 2.7, 3.7, 6.7 and 8.6% respectively. The bands in the comparative analysis of western blot were between the Rf value range (0.40-0.57) with maximum absorption of 3000 intensity curve at 32μg/mL, rather than higher concentration 64μg/mL, showing a decrease in the absorption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is presumed that purified tyrosinase can be used as contestants for the treatment of vitiligous skin conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":39133,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"36-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5842399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35914511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacognostical Sources of Popular Medicine To Treat Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Huba Kalász, Shreesh Ojha, Kornélia Tekes, Éva Szőke, Rajesh Mohanraj, Mohamed Fahim, Ernest Adeghate, Abdu Adem","doi":"10.2174/1874104501812010023","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874104501812010023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A large number of classical and recently discovered plants are indicated in preventing and/or treating Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Name of plants with their anti-AD effects are important for their further use and investigation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A short overview of AD is given; anti-Alzheimer plants are given in a Table.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Various medicinal plants are listed here as sources of popular medicines to be used in cases when patients are afraid of developing and/or suffer from AD. Some of these plants have been used for centuries. The major sources in the literature, over one hundred of references are given for plants that show beneficial effect on the progress of AD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plant extracts are widely used addition to the synthetic drugs approved by various administrative authorities to stop/slow down the progress of symptoms of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":39133,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5827296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35894332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidation of Hydroxy- and Dihydroxybenzoic Acids Under the Udenfriend's Conditions. An HPLC Study.","authors":"Mónika Kuzma,&nbsp;Nikoletta Kovács,&nbsp;Lilla Sziva,&nbsp;Gábor Maász,&nbsp;Péter Avar,&nbsp;Pál Perjési","doi":"10.2174/1874104501812010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874104501812010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-enzymatic hydroxylation of aromatic compounds to the respective phenolic derivatives is a possible metabolic pathway of xenobiotics. The formed metabolites can undergo consecutive oxidative reactions with free radicals to form potential toxic molecules.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Development of HPLC methods to separate, identify and quantitate the main products formed from salicylic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid under <i>in vitro</i> hydroxylation conditions (Udenfriend's system).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An RP-HPLC-UV-Vis method was developed to separate salicylic acid and isomeric dihydroxybenzoic acids formed in the Udenfriend's system. Confirmation of structures of the oxidized products of salicylic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was performed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HPLC-UV-Vis method was evaluated for a number of validation characteristics (selectivity, repeatability and intermediate precision, LOD, LOQ and calibration range). It was found that oxidation of salicylic acid resulted in the formation of 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids. Furthermore, the hydroxylated metabolites can be further metabolized under the Udenfriend's conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results give evidence for possible involvement of the oxidized metabolites of salicylic acid in the development of biological action of salicylates at the site of inflammation, where high hydroxyl radical level can be detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":39133,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874104501812010013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35872444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}