Martin Odler, Jiří Kmošek, Veronika Verešová, Lucia Hulková, Łukasz Jarmużek, Agnieszka Ryś, Anna Wodzińska, Jozef Hudec, Sławomir Rzepka
{"title":"Unearthing Fresh Copper at Tell el-Retaba: From the Second to the Third Intermediate Period","authors":"Martin Odler, Jiří Kmošek, Veronika Verešová, Lucia Hulková, Łukasz Jarmużek, Agnieszka Ryś, Anna Wodzińska, Jozef Hudec, Sławomir Rzepka","doi":"10.1553/aeundl34s419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/aeundl34s419","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on the archaeometallurgical investigation of thirty-one metalworking and artefact samples from the Egyptian site Tell el-Retaba in Wadi Tumilat. These objects were uncovered by a joint Polish-Slovak mission active at the site since 2007. The samples, dating to the Second Intermediate Period and New Kingdom, contribute to the already published research on contemporary metalwork, including not only copper but also a unique silver toggle pin from the early New Kingdom. For the Third Intermediate Period—known as the Early Iron Age in archaeological terminology—this article provides the first dataset on settlement metallurgy from Egypt ever investigated. The material also includes a copper ingot fragment found on site’s surface, which likely dates to the Second Intermediate Period. The most unexpected finding is the identification of freshly processed copper, presumably sourced from mining sites in either the Eastern Desert or Sinai.","PeriodicalId":39067,"journal":{"name":"Agypten und Levante","volume":"34 1","pages":"419-553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147883979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Changing Role of Tell el-Dab‘a in the Middle Bronze Age: A New Perspective from Network Analysis","authors":"Arianna Sacco","doi":"10.1553/aeundl33s323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/aeundl33s323","url":null,"abstract":"The Second Intermediate Period (ca. 1725–1550 BC)2 was a time of change in Egypt. Not only was the country divided into several political units, but one of these, in the north-eastern Nile Delta, was ruled by a dynasty of Levantine origins – the Fifteenth (also referred to as the Hyksos).3 This dynasty had its capital at Avaris (modern Tell el-Dab‘a), but the site had already been occupied during the (later) Middle Kingdom. 4 Differences between the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period, especially the increasing size of the site and the growing social stratification of its population, have been noted in earlier archaeological studies.5 The present article shows how these differences can be related to the changing role of Tell el-Dab‘a in the circulation of object types during the Late Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period. Using network analysis, this study investigates Tell el-Dab‘a’s interactions with other sites in Egypt and Tell el-Dab‘a’s role in the created networks based on material culture.","PeriodicalId":39067,"journal":{"name":"Agypten und Levante","volume":"33 1","pages":"323-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147913488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The ‘Pigeon Pots’ of Tell el-Ghaba in the Eastern Delta of Egypt during the Third Intermediate Period: Typology and Contexts","authors":"Eva Amanda Calomino, Silvia Lupo","doi":"10.1553/aeundl33s201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/aeundl33s201","url":null,"abstract":"Tell el-Ghaba is located on the Eastern Nile Delta/North Sinai, Egypt, near the extinct Pelusiac branch of the Nile. It is an urban settlement that was occupied between the beginning of the Third Intermediate Period and the Early Saite Period (from the mid-10th century BC to the end of the 7th century BC). This paper delves into the study of a particular ceramic type within the group of objects found and analysed at Tell el-Ghaba: containers known as ‘pigeon pots’. First, we will describe these objects, emphasising their morphology and composition; we will situate them temporally and spatially based on their discovery in other archaeological sites of ancient Egypt. Next, we will summarise the various problems associated with their recognition and study. Finally, we examine the Tell el-Ghaba pigeon pots to establish their typology, the contexts in which they were found, and compare them with those from other contemporary sites, such as Tell el-Retaba, Tanis, Kom Firin, among others, from the Third Intermediate Period. Through this approach, we aim to contribute additional information to the ongoing ceramic studies on pigeon pots in various Egyptian sites.","PeriodicalId":39067,"journal":{"name":"Agypten und Levante","volume":"33 1","pages":"201-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147905772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jozef Hudec, Lucia Hulková, Veronika Verešová, Alena Šefčáková, Anna Wodzińska, Květa Smoláriková, Miroslav Černý
{"title":"Between Tombs and Defence Walls: Tell el-Retaba in Seasons 2019 and 2021","authors":"Jozef Hudec, Lucia Hulková, Veronika Verešová, Alena Šefčáková, Anna Wodzińska, Květa Smoláriková, Miroslav Černý","doi":"10.1553/aeundl33s21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/aeundl33s21","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents preliminary results from the 2019 and 2021 excavation seasons at Tell el-Retaba. In Area 4, the focus was on settlement activities spanning the Second Intermediate Period and the late New Kingdom. In Area 2, exploration delved into a settlement and defence structures of the New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period. Area 4 underwent a change from a settlement at the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period to a cemetery of the same period used continuously into the early 18th Dynasty. It was only later during the 18th Dynasty, that the excavated area reverted to a settlement of mudbrick houses. A rich assemblage of small finds and a battery of ovens bear witness to the lively industrial activity or craftsmanship of its inhabitants, and their long-distance contacts. The discovery of a walkway, dating to Phase D4, adds an intriguing detail to 20th Dynasty military architecture. Isolated finds from the Third Intermediate Period (Phase C) demonstrate the spread of the settlement, known from previous excavations, further north on the tell. In 2021, work shifted to Area 2, separated from Area 4 by a ca. 20 m wide recent asphalt road. On the northern edge of the explored part of Area 2, two massive walls in partial supraposition were uncovered. The upper one exhibits construction similarities with the walls of the Ramesse III fortifications; however, the function and date of the lower wall have not been solidly established yet.","PeriodicalId":39067,"journal":{"name":"Agypten und Levante","volume":"33 1","pages":"21-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147881682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"tj-n}-y and kft(j)w in the Annals of Thutmose III: a reassessment of Urk. IV 733:4–7","authors":"Marwan Kilani","doi":"10.1553/aeundl32s127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/aeundl32s127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39067,"journal":{"name":"Agypten und Levante","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67349679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Jars from Tomb U-j – a Further Petrographic and Contextual Reassessment","authors":"M. Ownby, U. Hartung, Karin Sowada","doi":"10.1553/aeundl32s231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/aeundl32s231","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39067,"journal":{"name":"Agypten und Levante","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67350269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of the Shaping of the Ear in Representations of Pharaohs and Deities in the Decoration of Selected Tombs in the Valley of the Kings","authors":"Krzysztof Radtke","doi":"10.1553/aeundl32s335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/aeundl32s335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39067,"journal":{"name":"Agypten und Levante","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67350316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kings, Queens and Goddesses at the Window","authors":"Madeleine Mumcuoglu, Y. Garfinkel","doi":"10.1553/aeundl32s165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/aeundl32s165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39067,"journal":{"name":"Agypten und Levante","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67349627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Temples, Palaces and the Case of Hazor’s Building 7050: Classifying Ancient Architecture Based on Archaeological Methods","authors":"Matthew Susnow","doi":"10.1553/aeundl32s353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/aeundl32s353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39067,"journal":{"name":"Agypten und Levante","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67349872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maat in the Egyptian Controlled Southern Levant","authors":"Shane Thompson, Jessica D. Tomkins","doi":"10.1553/aeundl32s393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/aeundl32s393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39067,"journal":{"name":"Agypten und Levante","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67349983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}