Open Ornithology Journal最新文献_第7页

Broad-Scale Relations between Conservation Reserve Program and Grassland Birds: Do Cover Type, Configuration and Contract Age Matter? 保护区规划与草原鸟类的大尺度关系:覆盖类型、配置和契约年龄是否重要?

Open Ornithology Journal Pub Date : 2010-08-09 DOI: 10.2174/1874453201003010112

S. Riffell, Daniel G. Scognamillo, L. Burger, S. Bucholtz

{"title":"Broad-Scale Relations between Conservation Reserve Program and Grassland Birds: Do Cover Type, Configuration and Contract Age Matter?","authors":"S. Riffell, Daniel G. Scognamillo, L. Burger, S. Bucholtz","doi":"10.2174/1874453201003010112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874453201003010112","url":null,"abstract":"The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary cropland set-aside program where environmentally- sensitive cropland is retired to a conservation practice. Grassland birds should benefit because most CRP is grass habitat and because amount of land in CRP is highest in agriculture-dominated areas of the United States where grassland habitat has been most impacted. We used the Breeding Bird Survey and Common Land Unit (CLU) data (spatially-explicit data of farm field boundaries and land cover) to identify relations between types and configurations of CRP and grassland bird abundance in 3 Midwestern states. All 13 species we studied were related to at least one aspect of CRP habitat - specific conservation practices (e.g., native vs. exotic grass), CRP habitat configuration, or habitat age. Treating all types of CRP as a single habitat type would have obscured bird-CRP relations. Based on our results, creating a mosaic of large and small set-aside patches could benefit both area-sensitive and edge-associated grassland birds. Additionally, northern bobwhite and other birds that use early successional grasslands would benefit from periodic disturbances. CRP, agri- environment schemes, and other government-sponsored set-aside programs may be most successful when administered as part of a targeted, regional conservation plan.","PeriodicalId":39058,"journal":{"name":"Open Ornithology Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"112-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68077213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Territory Choice of Pied Flycatchers is Not Based on Induced Cues of Herbivore Damaged Trees 斑姬鹟的领地选择不是基于草食性受损树木的诱导线索

Open Ornithology Journal Pub Date : 2010-07-20 DOI: 10.2174/1874453201003010105

E. Mäntylä, P. Sirkiä, T. Klemola, T. Laaksonen

引用次数: 2

Rare Feeding Behavior of Great-Tailed Grackles (Quiscalus mexicanus) in the Extreme Habitat of Death Valley~!2010-01-08~!2010-03-08~!2010-05-21~! 死亡谷极端生境大尾石头鸦的罕见摄食行为2010-01-08 2010-03-08 2010-05-21

Open Ornithology Journal Pub Date : 2010-05-21 DOI: 10.2174/1874453201003010101

Stefanie Grabrucker, A. Grabrucker

引用次数: 8

Nestling Development of Ring-necked Parakeets (Psittacula krameri) in a Nest Box Population 环颈长尾小鹦鹉在巢箱种群中的雏鸟发育

Open Ornithology Journal Pub Date : 2010-05-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874453201306010009

Michael P. Braun, M. Wink

引用次数: 14

Body Condition and Chronic stress in Urban and Rural Noisy Miners 城乡噪音矿工的身体状况与慢性应激

Open Ornithology Journal Pub Date : 2010-05-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874453201306010025

C. Powell, A. Lill, Christopher P. Johnstone

{"title":"Body Condition and Chronic stress in Urban and Rural Noisy Miners","authors":"C. Powell, A. Lill, Christopher P. Johnstone","doi":"10.2174/1874453201306010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874453201306010025","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are potentially stressful environments for birds for numerous reasons, including their high volumes of pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Native birds inhabiting cities tolerate such human disturbance, but may still potentially incur some cost that is reflected in body condition and the level of chronic stress experienced, unless they are inherently relatively insensitive to urban stressors. We compared body mass and condition, three erythrocyte variables and hetero- phil: lymphocyte ratios (HL) of adult Noisy miners (Manorina melanocephala) in urban Melbourne, Australia and its ru- ral hinterland. Urban individuals had a significantly higher HL (mean 0.995) than rural con-specifics (0.719), suggesting that they may have been experiencing higher chronic stress levels. Body condition (mass-size residuals) and haematocrit were similar in urban and rural individuals, but urban individuals were a little heavier (~ 1%) and rural individuals had a 0.6 g dl -1 higher whole blood haemoglobin concentration. There were no significant relationships between body condition indices and blood variables of the kind demonstrated in some bird species; their absence in Noisy miners may either re- flect a lack of winter fattening or confirm that the occurrence of these relationships is species-specific.","PeriodicalId":39058,"journal":{"name":"Open Ornithology Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68078721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria as a Possible Defence of Birds against Pathogenic Microorganisms 产抗生素细菌可能是鸟类抵御病原微生物的一种防御手段

Open Ornithology Journal Pub Date : 2010-04-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874453201003010093

J. Soler, M. Martín-Vivaldi, J. Peralta‐Sánchez, M. Ruiz‐Rodríguez

{"title":"Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria as a Possible Defence of Birds against Pathogenic Microorganisms","authors":"J. Soler, M. Martín-Vivaldi, J. Peralta‐Sánchez, M. Ruiz‐Rodríguez","doi":"10.2174/1874453201003010093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874453201003010093","url":null,"abstract":"Theory strongly suggests that beneficial symbiotic bacteria could be common within birds. Our argument is based on the existence of within-host competition for resources between bacteria (i.e. bacterial interference), and on the differential effect that host fitness (i.e., reproductive success and probability of survival) has on fitness of different bacte- ria. If reproductive success of hosts is positively related to that of a first bacterium, and negatively related to that of a sec- ond bacterium, it would be of selective advantage for the former to develop chemicals that prevent host infection by the later pathogenic bacterium. Furthermore, we exemplify the possibility that hosts use antibiotic producing bacteria to pre- vent infections in different body parts (i.e., replacement therapy) or environment (i.e. nest sanitation). We review the up to now few available results suggesting associations of birds with antibiotic producing bacteria that result in fitness advan- tages to hosts. Evidence for such beneficial associations, however, has been very scarce so far, and an important research effort testing predictions of that relationship in different contexts is needed for a generalization of the hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":39058,"journal":{"name":"Open Ornithology Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68077146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 78

Immunity and Virulence in Bird-Parasite Interactions 鸟类与寄生虫相互作用的免疫和毒力

Open Ornithology Journal Pub Date : 2010-04-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874453201003010033

G. Sorci, Stéphane Cornet

引用次数: 6

Immunocompetence and Parasitism in Nestlings from Wild Populations 野生种群雏鸟的免疫能力和寄生性

Open Ornithology Journal Pub Date : 2010-04-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874453201003010027

S. Merino

{"title":"Immunocompetence and Parasitism in Nestlings from Wild Populations","authors":"S. Merino","doi":"10.2174/1874453201003010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874453201003010027","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: Nestling is a defenceless stage in the life of birds in several ways. For instance, the possibilities to escape infection and infestation by several parasitic diseases are greatly reduced in nestlings. This fact implies that a number of strategies and counter strategies could evolve in hosts to avoid parasites and in parasites to locate and exploit young hosts. An increasing number of nestlings in a nest may support more parasites and thus increase competition between siblings to avoid parasitism. In addition, parental effort may vary in the presence of parasites resulting in different effects of parasitism on nestlings. Moreover, nestling investment in immunity may increase in the presence of parasites at least up to a limit marked by the ability of parents to get resources for their nestlings. In this respect, the transfer of immunoglobulins and other resources from the female parent to eggs may be of considerable importance during the first days of nestlings´ life. However, increased parental activity may also attract more parasites to the nest. A recent work using a metaanalytical approach suggests that parasite-induced nestling mortality in birds is mainly determined by geographical location and to a smaller extent nest site and parasite prevalence. The naive immune system of nestlings and the difficulties to avoid infection once the nest has been located, imply a high potential impact of parasites on nestlings. Thus parasites could cause an important reduction of host population productivity through their effects on nestlings.","PeriodicalId":39058,"journal":{"name":"Open Ornithology Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68077543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

How Birds Combat Ectoparasites 鸟类如何对抗体外寄生虫

Open Ornithology Journal Pub Date : 2010-04-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874453201003010041

D. Clayton, J. A. Koop, Christopher W. Harbison, Brett R. Moyer, Sarah E. Bush

引用次数: 235

Manipulation of bird behavior by parasites 寄生虫对鸟类行为的操纵

Open Ornithology Journal Pub Date : 2010-04-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874453201003010086

Anders Pape O-Moller

{"title":"Manipulation of bird behavior by parasites","authors":"Anders Pape O-Moller","doi":"10.2174/1874453201003010086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874453201003010086","url":null,"abstract":"Many parasites apparently change the behavior of their hosts in a way that seemingly increase the probability of successful reproduction and transmission, suggesting that parasites somehow are able to manipulate the behavior of hosts to their own advantage. Such adaptive manipulation implies that (1) different roles are played by manipulated and manipulator individuals; (2) manipulation reduces the fitness of the manipulated individual; (3) the manipulator gains a fitness advantage; and (4) this order of events should hold up when analyzed in a phylogenetic context. While some ex- amples of parasite-host interactions are consistent with some of these criteria, there is little strict evidence consistent with all four criteria. Parasite manipulation of vertebrate hosts may differ from that of invertebrates because of differences in cognitive ability, and complexity of the parasite community. Literature on avian brood parasites and their hosts suggests that hosts may be fully aware of their parasitism status. Using studies of the great spotted cuckoo and its magpie host I ar- gue that parasitized hosts probably are doing the best they can, given their status, and that their fitness pay-offs would be even worse if they produced higher levels of resistance. Next, I argue that hosts in general may be aware of their infection status, and that each host individual interacts with so many different parasites, each with their 'own' evolutionary inter- ests, that hosts are unlikely to behave only in response to any single parasite. Rather, host behavior could be considered to reflect a compromise between the evolutionary interests of all the inhabitants of a given host individual. Therefore, it might be difficult to argue that hosts are manipulated by parasites, and I suggest that we may learn more about parasite- host interactions by quantifying the evolutionary interests of hosts and their multitude of parasites, amensals and commen- sals, and that host behavior may more readily be understood from the point of view of the participants involved in these different interspecific interactions.","PeriodicalId":39058,"journal":{"name":"Open Ornithology Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68077648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0