Surgical Neurology International最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in ischemic stroke patients - A global meta-analysis.","authors":"Andres Felipe Herrera Ortiz, Enrico Stefano Suriano, Yasmin Eltawil, Manraj Sekhon, Anthony Gebran, Mateo Garland, Nury Tatiana Rincón Cuenca, Tatiana Cadavid, Bassel Almarie","doi":"10.25259/SNI_190_2023","DOIUrl":"10.25259/SNI_190_2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) have an estimated global prevalence of 2.8% in the adult population; however, UIA was identified among more than 10% of ischemic stroke patients. Many epidemiological studies and reviews have pointed to the presence of UIA among patients with ischemic stroke; yet, the extent of this association is not fully known. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of UIA in patients admitted to hospitals with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) at both global and continental levels and evaluate factors associated with UIA in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified, in five databases, all studies describing UIA in ischemic stroke and TIA patients between January 1, 2000, and December 20, 2021. Included studies were of observational and experimental design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our search yielded 3581 articles of which 23 were included, with a total of 25,420 patients. The pooled prevalence of UIA was 5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4-6%) with stratified results showing 6% (95% CI = 4-9%), 6% (95% CI = 5-7%), and 4% (95% CI = 2-5%) in North America, Asia, and Europe, respectively. Significant risk factors were large vessel occlusion (odds ratios [OR] = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.01-1.47) and hypertension (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.24-1.69), while protective factors were male sex (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.53-0.68) and diabetes (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.72-0.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of UIA is notably higher in ischemic stroke patients than the general population. Physicians should be aware of common risk factors in stroke and aneurysm formation for appropriate prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":38981,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology International","volume":"14 ","pages":"222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5f/e7/SNI-14-222.PMC10316137.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9802571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of postoperative cerebral vasospasm in skull base surgeries: A systematic review of case reports and series.","authors":"Abdulaziz Hamzah,&nbsp;Abdullah S Alharbi,&nbsp;Ahmed S Abdulhamid,&nbsp;Alaa Nabil Turkistani,&nbsp;Mohmmed Hani Aref","doi":"10.25259/SNI_441_2023","DOIUrl":"10.25259/SNI_441_2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive overview of the management of postoperative vasospasm after skull base surgeries. This phenomenon is rare but can be of serious sequelae.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medline, Embase, and PubMed Central were searched, along with examining the references of the included studies. Only case reports and series that reported vasospasm following a skull base pathology were incorporated. Cases with pathologies other than skull base, subarachnoid hemorrhage, aneurysm, and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome were excluded from the study. Quantitative data were presented as mean (Standard Deviation) or median (range), accordingly, while qualitative data were presented as frequency (percentage). Chi- square test and one-way analysis of variance were used to assess for any association between the different factors and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We had a total of 42 cases extracted from the literature. The mean age was 40.1 (±16.1) with approximately equal males and females (19 [45.2%] and 23 [54.8%], respectively). The time to develop vasospasm after the surgery was 7 days (±3.7). Most of the cases were diagnosed by either angiogram or magnetic resonance angiography. Seventeen of the 42 patients had pituitary adenoma as the pathology. Anterior circulation was nearly affected in all patients. For management, most patients received pharmacological with supportive management. Twenty-three patients had an incomplete recovery as a result of vasospasm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vasospasm following skull base operations can affect males and females, and most patients in this review were middle-aged adults. The outcome of patients varies; however, most patients did not achieve a full recovery. There was no correlation between any factors and the outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":38981,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology International","volume":"14 ","pages":"214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7d/14/SNI-14-214.PMC10316141.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9801483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motorboat propeller-related head injuries: A systematic literature review with a case illustration.","authors":"Gianluca Scalia, Manikon Poullay Silven, Roberta Costanzo, Giancarlo Ponzo, Agatino Florio, Sara Pettinato, Lucia Terranova, Domenico Gerardo Iacopino, Giuseppe Emmanuele Umana, Giovanni Federico Nicoletti","doi":"10.25259/SNI_219_2023","DOIUrl":"10.25259/SNI_219_2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Propeller-related injuries from motorboats are a major cause of injury in recreational water activities including severe and multiple lacerations that can promote scarring, blood loss, traumatic, or surgical amputations. The real incidence of these accidents is still unclear. The authors here present a systematic review of the literature, focusing on head injury, and related recommendations for its evaluation and management, also reporting a case of a female patient injured by a motorboat propeller.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, with no limits in terms of publication date. The following Mesh and free text terms were identified: \"motorboat and propeller and injuries\" (107 results).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 papers were included in this systematic review. Only few case reports describing traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been documented. Out of a total of 90 cases analyzed, only five cases with TBI were reported. The authors also reported a case of a 12-year-old female, that during a boat trip, reported a severe polytrauma with concussive head trauma from a penetrating left fronto-temporo-parietal lesion, left mammary gland trauma and fracture of the left hand from falling into the water and impact with a motorboat propeller. She underwent an urgent left fronto-temporo-parietal decompressive craniectomy and then surgery with a multidisciplinary team. At the end of the surgical procedure, the patient was transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit. She was discharged on postoperative day 15. The patient was able to walk without assistance, with mild right hemiparesis and persistence of aphasia nominum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Motorboat propeller injuries can result in extensive damage to soft tissue and bones with severe functional disability, amputations, and high mortality. There are still no recommendations and protocols for the management of motorboat propeller related injuries. Although there are several potential solutions that aim to prevent or ease motorboat-propeller injuries, there are still lack of consistent regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":38981,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology International","volume":"14 ","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/02/SNI-14-175.PMC10246394.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9607168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-memory shape coils for intracranial aneurysm coiling: Initial and single-center experience with the i-ED coil.","authors":"Maximilian Jeremy Bazil, Johanna T Fifi, Kurt A Yaeger, Reade A De Leacy, Christopher Paul Kellner, Tomoyoshi Shigematsu","doi":"10.25259/SNI_1116_2022","DOIUrl":"10.25259/SNI_1116_2022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endovascular aneurysmal coiling is a preventative alternative to clipping to avoid aneurysmal rupture. In the literature and our own experience, some common coiling challenges which arise include: (1) microcatheter kickback, (2) detachment zone rigidity, (3) intrasaccular compartmentalization of coils on deployment, and (4) attainability of high-density and effective packing with as few coils as possible.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive case series of 15 intracranial aneurysm patients who received Kaneka i-ED Coils since their initial use in our practice (December 2020) till May 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 14 saccular aneurysm patients treated with i-ED coils, 2/14 (14.3%) achieved a Raymond-Roy (RR) score of 3A (internal remnant), 4/14 (28.6%) achieved RR 2 (slight neck remnant) and 8/14 (57.1%) achieved RR 1. One MoyaMoya patient (5.9%) with a fusiform aneurysm also achieved a complete occlusion by parent artery takedown in this series. Aneurysm volumes ranged from 8.15 mm 3 to 315.5 mm 3 with an average packing density of 36.23% and a standard deviation 8.87%. At 30 days, most of our cohort scored a 0 on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) (11/15), with two patients scoring at an mRS score of 1, one at an mRS score of 4, and one at an mRS score of 6. Low-memory shape, coil cases achieved a significantly higher packing density (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and PD/Coils-used ratio (<i>P</i> < 0.05) than other cases in our practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our initial experience with i-ED coils has shown that they are a feasible strategy in a number of differently sized and shaped aneurysms. While fewer coils overall were not a statistically significant finding in this study, the future studies with larger cohorts are necessary and in progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":38981,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology International","volume":"14 ","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/4a/SNI-14-142.PMC10159320.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9429503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor regarding \"Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme coexistence: Double primary malignancy, does it have a causal relationship?\"","authors":"Andrew Leland Waack, Brandon Sharkey, Alastair Hoyt, Jason L Schroeder","doi":"10.25259/SNI_151_2023","DOIUrl":"10.25259/SNI_151_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38981,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology International","volume":"14 ","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/63/9f/SNI-14-134.PMC10159328.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9430119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 impact on the global neurosurgery resident training course and admission: A scoping review.","authors":"Yao Christian Hugues Dokponou, Arsene Daniel Nyalundja, Arsene Desire Ossaga Madjoue, Mèhomè Wilfried Dossou, Omar Badirou, Nicaise Agada, Katib Lasssissi, Fritzell Marc Adjovi, Laté Dzidoula Lawson, Nourou Dine Adeniran Bankole","doi":"10.25259/SNI_68_2023","DOIUrl":"10.25259/SNI_68_2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study looks at how COVID-19 affected the admission and training of neurosurgical residents worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2019 to 2021, we reviewed multiple databases (i.e., Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Hinari) to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurosurgery resident training and admission in low middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). We then utilized a Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate the difference between the two LMIC/HICs and employed Levene's test to assess the homogeneity of variances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 58 studies that met our inclusion criteria; 48 (72.4%) were conducted in HIC and 16 (27.6%) in LMIC. The admission of new residents was mostly canceled in HIC (31.7%; <i>n</i> = 13) and in LMIC (25%; <i>n</i> = 4) from 2019 to 2021 due to COVID-19. Learning modalities changed to include predominantly video conferencing (i.e., 94.7% [<i>n</i> = 54] of cases). Further, neurosurgery was largely restricted to emergency cases alone (79.6% [<i>n</i> = 39]), with only 12.2% (<i>n</i> = 6) elective cases. The result was a marked reduction in resident surgical training (i.e., 66.7% [<i>n</i> = 10] in LMIC and 62.9% [<i>n</i> = 22] in HIC), despite increased workloads in (i.e., LMIC [37.4%; <i>n</i> = 6] and HIC [35.7%; <i>n</i> = 15]). This was attributed to the marked reduction in the number of surgical patients allotted to each resident (i.e., LMIC [87.5%; <i>n</i> = 14] than HIC [83.3%; <i>n</i> = 35]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic markedly disrupted neurosurgical education globally. Although differences have been found between LMICs and HICs training, the reduction of neurosurgical case-loads and surgical procedures has significantly impacted neurosurgical training. The question remains, how can this \"loss of experience\" be redressed in the future?</p>","PeriodicalId":38981,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology International","volume":"14 ","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7f/e7/SNI-14-96.PMC10070250.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9640094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","authors":"S. A. Khonsary","doi":"10.25259/sni_184_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/sni_184_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38981,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology International","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of advances in genetic engineering of viruses before COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Mikhail Teppone","doi":"10.25259/SNI_36_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/SNI_36_2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization's China Country Office was alerted to cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Due to the fact that to date, the question of the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been resolved yet, the author analyzed the main advances in the development of genetic engineering of viruses that took place before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first artificial genetically modified viruses could appear in nature in the mid-1950s. The technique of nucleic acid hybridization was developed by the end-1960s. In the late 1970s, a method called the \"reverse genetics\" emerged to synthesize ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid molecules. In the early 1980-s, it became possible to combine the genes of different viruses and insert the genes of one virus into the genome of another virus. Since that time, the production of vector vaccines began. At present, by modern technologies one can assemble any virus based on the nucleotide sequence available in the virus database or designed by a computer as a virtual model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Scientists around the world are invited to answer the call of Neil Harrison and Jeffrey Sachs of Columbia University, for a thorough and independent investigation into the origin of SARS-CoV-2. Only a full understanding of the origin of the new virus can minimize the likelihood of a similar pandemic in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":38981,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology International","volume":"14 ","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/03/53/SNI-14-109.PMC10070288.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9264603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single thalamic localization of brain toxoplasmosis mimicking brain tumors: Radiological and clinical findings.","authors":"Giosué DiPellegrini,&nbsp;Riccardo Boccaletti,&nbsp;Anna Mingozzi,&nbsp;Antonella Fara,&nbsp;Domenico Policicchio","doi":"10.25259/SNI_34_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/SNI_34_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a relatively rare disorder that usually affects immunocompromised patients. The most common scenario occurs among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. In those patients, toxoplasmosis is the most frequent cause of expansive brain lesion and continues to cause elevated morbidity and mortality. In typical cases of toxoplasmosis, both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging reveal single/ multiple nodular or ring-enhancing lesions with surrounding edema. Nevertheless, cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis with atypical radiological features have been reported. Diagnosis can be obtained by finding organisms in the cerebrospinal fluid or in stereotactic biopsy samples of the brain lesion. If untreated, cerebral toxoplasmosis is uniformly fatal, so prompt diagnosis is mandatory. A prompt diagnosis is necessary, as untreated cerebral toxoplasmosis is uniformly fatal. Case Description: We discuss imaging and clinical findings of a patient – not aware of being HIV-positive – with a solitary atypical brain localization of toxoplasmosis mimicking a brain tumor. Conclusion: Although relatively uncommon, neurosurgeons should be aware of the potential occurrence of cerebral toxoplasmosis. High index of suspicion is needed for timely diagnosis and prompt initiation of therapy.","PeriodicalId":38981,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology International","volume":"14 ","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c0/33/SNI-14-82.PMC10070335.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9313901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary spinal intramedullary anaplastic ganglioglioma in a pediatric patient.","authors":"Huy Dang,&nbsp;Abdul Basit Khan,&nbsp;Nisha Gadgil,&nbsp;Marc Prablek,&nbsp;Frank Y Lin,&nbsp;Melissa M Blessing,&nbsp;Guillermo Aldave,&nbsp;David Bauer","doi":"10.25259/SNI_825_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/SNI_825_2022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gangliogliomas (GGs) are rare tumors of the central nervous system composed of neoplastic neural and glial cells and are typically low-grade. Intramedullary spinal anaplastic GGs (AGG) are rare, poorly understood, and often aggressive tumors that can result in widespread progression along the craniospinal axis. Due to the rarity of these tumors, data are lacking to guide clinical and pathologic diagnosis and standard of care treatment. Here, we present a case of pediatric spinal AGG to provide information on our institutional approach to work-up and to highlight unique molecular pathology.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 13-year-old female presented with signs of spinal cord compression including right sided hyperreflexia, weakness, and enuresis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a C3-C5 cystic and solid mass which was treated surgically with osteoplastic laminoplasty and tumor resection. Histopathologic diagnosis was consistent with AGG, and molecular testing identified mutations in <i>H3F3A</i> (K27M), <i>TP53</i>, and <i>NF1</i>. She received adjuvant radiation therapy and her neurological symptoms improved. However, at 6-month follow-up, she developed new symptoms. MRI revealed metastatic recurrence of tumor with leptomeningeal and intracranial spread.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary spinal AGGs are rare tumors, but a growing body of literature shows some trends that may improve diagnosis and management. These tumors generally present in adolescence and early adulthood with motor/sensory impairment and other spinal cord symptoms. They are most commonly treated by surgical resection but frequently recur due to their aggressive nature. Further reports of these primary spinal AGGs along with characterization of their molecular profile will be important in developing more effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":38981,"journal":{"name":"Surgical Neurology International","volume":"14 ","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/ac/SNI-14-55.PMC9990802.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9437710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}