Nuclear Physics News最新文献

{"title":"In Memoriam: Ben R. Mottelson (1926–2022)","authors":"D. Bes","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2100661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2100661","url":null,"abstract":"University of Notre Dame (Indiana, 1999); Distinguished Service Award of the Division of Nuclear Physics (2011). The citation of this last award summarizes John’s outstanding role in nuclear physics well: “For his decades of exemplary service to the Division of Nuclear Physics which have enhanced the strength and vitality of the Division as a unit of the American Physical Society, for his efforts on behalf of younger colleagues and the Bonner and Bethe prizes, and for his sage advice in faithful service on countless advisory committees and review panels.” Anybody who came a little closer to John admired his unbiased worldview. I had the opportunity to experience a little bit of this when we discussed, during his last year, the very different history of our respective fathers. I like to remember the visit of John and his wife Marianne to our retreat in the Austrian Alps (Figure 1). It reminds me of an old wisdom, supposedly from the Analects of Confucious: “Radiant days—don’t mourn that they are gone, smile that they happened.” This is how we should remember John, who enriched the life of so many of us. Figure 1. John and Marianne Schiffer on a hike with Walter and Gundl Kutschera to an “Alm\" in the Austrian Alps (2006).","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"2 1","pages":"38 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83382819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shapes and Symmetries in Nuclei: From Experiment to Theory: SSNET'22","authors":"C. Petrache, J. Dudek","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2100657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2100657","url":null,"abstract":"fiable. The overview talks and roundtable discussions allowed participants to emphasize and exchange best practices in these domains. At the seminar, the first results of surveys on diversity and on recognition of individual achievements in large collaborations organized by dedicated ECFA, NuPECC, and APPEC working groups were also shown and discussed. The JENA activities presented at the seminar reflecting the core and bottom-up approach of the crossresearch-domain strategies require concerted actions with the relevant funding agencies. One of the seminar days was dedicated to presentations and closed session discussions with the representatives of the European funding agencies and of the European Commission. They were invited to evaluate whether appropriate funding schemes and organizational structures can be established to exploit synergies between the fields and thus enable a more efficient use of resources. The positive and constructive feedback from the funding agencies represented and the European Commission representatives motivates and strengthens the seminar organizers to continue on the chosen path with JENAS. The expressed recommendations and feedback from the seminar participants and from the funding agencies will be considered very thoroughly and, in particular, the third JENA seminar in about three years from now will be planned very carefully and consulted about with the three communities and with the funding agencies at an early stage. The excellent organization and hospitality of the local organizers in Madrid, led by Maria Jose Garcia Borge, largely contributed to the success and the enjoyable atmosphere of JENAS 2022. Website: https://indico.cern.ch/event/ 1040535/","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"8 1","pages":"34 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87222432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN)","authors":"L. Popescu, H. Abderrahim, M. Ooms, Koen Hasaers","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2062995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2062995","url":null,"abstract":"SCK CEN Introduction The Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN) was founded in the 1950s to study the applications of nuclear energy, but since then it has expanded its knowledge to a wide range of research fields, with a strongly future-oriented and international focus. This is one of the largest research institutions in Belgium, registering more than 900 employees. Nuclear materials science, advanced nuclear systems, environment, health and safety: for 70 years, research carried out in this center has covered a wide range of topics to the benefit of society, government, and industry. In the following sections, we make a review of major research projects and infrastructure of relevance for medical isotopes and nuclear physics programs.","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"33 1","pages":"4 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88046545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reiner Kruecken Appointed Director of the Nuclear Science Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","authors":"R. Casten","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2063637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2063637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"7 1","pages":"35 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90336291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cyclotron Hall of Louvain-la-Neuve, Birthplace of Postaccelerated Radioactive Ion Beams for Nuclear and Astrophysics Research","authors":"M. Huyse, P. Van Duppen","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2063635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2063635","url":null,"abstract":"The European Physical Society (EPS), upon nomination by the Belgian Physical Society, has decided to confer a Historic Site Award to the Cyclotron Hall in Louvain-la-Neuve (Figure 1). This place hosted in 1990 a worldleading nuclear-astrophysics experiment involving for the first time the post-acceleration of a short-lived radioactive element and the successful study of a key nuclear reaction in the stars. This world premiere was the result of an intensive collaboration between research teams from three Belgian universities: ULB, KU Leuven and UCLouvain. There are only two other EPS historic sites in Belgium (EPS Historic Sites European Physical Society (EPS): the Hotel Metropole in Brussels (‘In 1911, the Hotel was the venue of the Solvay Council, dedicated to what soon would be called “The Theory of Radiation & Quanta”’) and the Heilige-Geest college in Leuven (“Georges Lemaître, original founder of the theory of the Big Bang, developed in this college his ideas about an expanding universe consistent with theory and observations”). To celebrate this event, a commemorative plate was unveiled on Tuesday, 12 October 2021, at the “de Hemptinne” building of UCLouvain, which hosts the Cyclotron Hall (Figure 1). The commemorative plate holds the following text: This building has hosted a worldleading nuclear-physics experiment involving the post-acceleration of shortlived radioactive nuclides. A beam of N, an unstable isotope of nitrogen with a half-life of 10 minutes, was produced for the first time on 21 June 1989 by coupling two cyclotrons with an on-line ion source. In December 1990, the energy, intensity, and purity of the beam allowed the successful study of the key stellar reaction within the hot Carbon-NitrogenOxygen (CNO) cycle: N + H -> 14 O + γ. The technologies and instrumentation developed to produce and use energetic radioactive ion beams, and the evidence that it was then possible to perform detailed nuclear-reaction studies with short-lived radioactive isotopes, has given rise to the birth of new research fields in nuclear physics and astrophysics. This breakthrough in accelerator, nuclear-physics and nuclear-astrophysics research was the result of an intensive collaboration between teams from the Belgian universities ULB, KU Leuven and UCLouvain. It paved the way for a multitude of challenging experiments with radioactive ion beams involving major European collaborations and has led to the construction of significant facilities for producing radioactive ion beams in many countries around the world. Since then, the field of radioactive ion beams, produced with the postaccelerated isotope separator on-line technique or with the complementary in-flight technique, has blossomed all over the world, giving rise to the new Radioactive Nuclear Beams (RNB) conference series, of which the second one took place in 1991 in Louvain-la-Neuve soon after the pioneering experiment. The “Euroschool on Exotic Beams,” dedicated to training of Ph.D. stude","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"74 1","pages":"34 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83218653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report on MESON2021","authors":"C. Curceanu, J. Ritman, P. Salabura","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2063626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2063626","url":null,"abstract":"The 16th International Workshop on Meson Physics took place 17–20 May 2021 (Figure 1). The workshop has a long tradition and is organized every two years by the Institute of Physics of the Jagiellonian University, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics-Frascati National Laboratories (LNF) Frascati, and Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Science. Due to the pandemic situation, the meeting was delayed one year and held on-line via the Zoom platform. The virtual format unfortunately prevented participants from enjoying the traditional longnight discussions after the conference sessions in the unique atmosphere of the old Kraków city. Nevertheless, more than 230 participants registered and participated in the plenary and three parallel sessions scheduled every day. The many excellent talks were selected in the tradition for this conference, which is to cover a broad scientific program rather than only focus on a specific topic. During the first two days, the production, properties, and structure of mesons composed of heavy and light quarks were widely discussed. In particular, the newly discovered exotic states were presented by experimentalists and interpreted by various theoretical approaches. Other aspects that were lively discussed were the interaction of mesons with mesons and baryons in vacuum and hot and dense matter investigated in heavy ion collisions at various energy scales from the Schwerionensynchrotron (SIS) at the Society for Heavy Ion Research to the Large Hadron Collider. The next two days were devoted to studies of nucleon structure, nucleon–antikaon, and hyperon–nucleon interactions. In particular, new results of precision experiments searching for a neutron dipole moment and new results of proton radius should be singled out. Presented results of experimental and theoretical studies of hyperon–nucleon correlation functions in heavy ion collisions reveal an exciting possibility to access the corresponding interaction potentials, which might have an important impact on the understanding of the nature of compact neutron stars and provide a strong link between hadron physics and astrophysics. The final session was concluded with a presentation of new exciting results of the g-2 experiment at Fermilab and mysterious signal of the new X17 particle claimed to be a candidate for a dark photon. It is of course not possible to list all the interesting topics discussed in the conference in this short report. All interested readers are invited to look into the talks, which are available on the conference web page (https:// meson.if.uj.edu.pl). Some presentations, with the permission of the speakers, were recorded and can be replayed by those registered to the conference. The next MESON conference is scheduled for 2023 in an “old good traditional mode” and the organizing team already cordially invites all those interested to join us in Cracow! Please stay tuned and watch the conference web page MESON Confe","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"62 1","pages":"32 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80692934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superconducting Linac Booster for Super-Heavy Element Experiments at RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory","authors":"N. Sakamoto, T. Nagatomo","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2063001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2063001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Rikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN) heavy-ion linac was upgraded by introducing a new super-conducting linac-booster to advance the super-heavy elements synthesis program beyond nihonium at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF). The total acceleration voltage was upgraded from 25 MV with 12 room temperature drift-tube-linacs (DTLs) to 39 MV by introducing a superconducting linac booster, SRILAC. The upgrade of the beam intensity is realized by a newly constructed superconducting electron-cyclotron resonance ion source (SC-ECRIS). The construction of SRILAC and the SC-ECRIS started in FY2017. After the hardware installation and commissioning, the first beam acceleration test was successfully conducted at the end of FY2019, and user beam service was started in FY2020. This article provides an overview of the upgrade and its present performance.","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"37 1","pages":"21 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81043412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fifty Years of Backbending","authors":"R. Wyss, M. Riley","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2063000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2063000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract While being on a picnic, if you are not sure whether you brought the boiled or the raw eggs in your basket, there is a simple way of telling without smashing them open: Simply spin them. The boiled egg will spin very fast when you rotate it, whereas the raw egg will resist the spinning motion. Nuclear physicists make nuclei spin to study their internal features. Some 50 years ago a most astonishing effect was observed in rapidly rotating nuclei. This surprise discovery, known as backbending, which is a unique phenomenon in the finite, many-body quantum system, triggered a revolution of our studies into the structure of the atomic nucleus that continues to the present day.","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"2 1","pages":"16 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84603515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CYCLHAD: A French Facility Dedicated for Research and Treatment in Hadrontherapy","authors":"F. Chevalier, P. Lesueur, G. Gaubert","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2063002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2063002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction For many years, the efforts to develop the hadrontherapy in Caen were made and supported by the Region Normandy. This hadrontherapy project, the Advanced Resource Center for Hadrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), described later, has led after many years of continuous efforts with partners to build its cornerstone: the CYCLHAD facility. CYCLHAD is a private company whose main shareholders are Ion Beam Applications (IBA; Louvain La Neuve), SAPHYN (a semipublic company based in Caen), and other private and clinical partners. The main purpose is to provide a cyclotrons-based facility for ion-beam therapy, starting with protons, and a multibeams research platform up to 400 MeV/n carbon beams. Thus, it is a dual-purpose building for healthcare and science. After an intensive planning period, at the end of 2014, CYCLHAD signed a contract awarded to the VINCI Group for the conception, construction, and maintenance of the building. At the same time, CYCLHAD contracted with IBA to acquire a ProteusOne® system together with its maintenance and operation. The construction of the main building started a year later and the beam was completed in September 2017. In parallel, IBA installed the Proteus-One®, which was delivered in May 2018. This proton facility is now clinically used by the anticancer center François Baclesse through an agreement to buy proton hours to CYCLHAD. The first treatment of a patient started in July 2018. To complete the facility, CYCLHAD appointed the Normandy Hadrontherapy company (NHa) to design and deliver the next cyclotronbased carbon facility (C400) through a contract signed in 2019. This new system, the Système de Recherche et de Traitement en Hadrontherapie (SRTH), will fit in the already built bunker (Figure 1), which is prepared to contain the C400 cyclotron accelerator and three beam-lines serving three clinical and experimental rooms (medical, radiobiology, and physics). First extracted beams are awaited around 2025–2026. CYCLHAD is also offering several hundreds of meter square of laboratories, which have to be equipped to host local groups and welcome visiting scientists.","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"341 1","pages":"27 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75941348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Benefits of Investing in Science","authors":"M. Florio","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2062987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2062987","url":null,"abstract":"This is nicely said, and the unexpected utility may be apparent ex-post. But what about ex-ante, when decisions must be taken, and governments convinced to fund a new project? With an interdisciplinary team in Milan (University of Milan, Department of Economics, Department of Physics, and with the Centro Studi Industria Leggera [CSIL, Center for Industrial Studies]) we have designed and tested a social cost–benefit analysis model for large-scale facilities [2, 3]. The surprising result of our approach is that, even leaving aside the unknown future impact of discoveries, there are impact pathways that create social value in the short to medium term, and these effects can be quantitatively predicted in a stochastic framework. For example, we have been able to forecast the Benefit/Cost Ratio of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC), an upgrade of the previous collider, currently under construction [4]. Against an investment cost around one billion Swiss Francs, the B/C ratio is predicted as 1.76: this means that for every Franc spent on the HL-LHC 1.76 Franc of benefits for the society are generated. After a Montecarlo simulation (50,000 runs) the probability of a negative NPV is just 6%, even under very conservative assumptions on the potentials for the generated benefits. The benefits in this context arise from three main pathways, each of them measured for convenience by a money metric: first, impact on the production of scientific output (publications, citations, and further waves of literature) and on the careers of early stage researchers, including Ph.D. students and postdocs (a human capital effect measurable by an expected salary premium); second, direct and indirect impact for technology suppliers and users of innovations (including for software, medical imaging, new materials); finally, cultural impacts for both actual visitors of the facilities (including online visitors) and for citizens who consider science as a public good and are virtually willing to pay for it (this is revealed by carefully designed experiments with surveys of representative samples of taxpayers in France and Switzerland). After all, we do not need to just hope that the knowledge derived from large-scale facilities in physics will be useful to citizens in the distant future. In fact, we can predict that investing in science starts to pay back for itself from the first day.","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"15 1","pages":"3 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89416201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}