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International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series最新文献

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Does Freer Trade Really Lead to Productivity Growth? Evidence from Africa 自由贸易真的能提高生产率吗?来自非洲的证据
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2251235
Lauren R. Bresnahan, I. Coxhead, Jeremy Foltz, Tewodaj Mogues
{"title":"Does Freer Trade Really Lead to Productivity Growth? Evidence from Africa","authors":"Lauren R. Bresnahan, I. Coxhead, Jeremy Foltz, Tewodaj Mogues","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2251235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2251235","url":null,"abstract":"Theory predicts that trade liberalization should raise average total factor productivity (TFP) among manufacturing firms. However, this is a generic prediction and depends on maintained assumptions about industries, factor markets, and trade patterns that may not fit well for developing countries. Using firm-level data from Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania during the 1990s, a period of fairly rapid trade policy liberalization, we estimate productivity effects of trade. Our analysis confirms the well-known association between export intensity and higher productivity of the firm; however, the evidence for “learning by exporting,” or an increase in productivity associated with greater exports, is mixed, with several instances of negative average TFP growth among exporters. Our analysis indicates that such declines are likely attributable to the effects of lower external tariffs, because the firm-level productivity margin below which exporting is unprofitable moves down as the external tariff rate is reduced. We also find that sales to the rest of the world and sales to other African economies have differential effects on productivity growth rates, and that for country-specific reasons, these effects are not uniform. Controlling for initial productivity and the destination of exports (within or outside Africa) helps us understand why in some cases, export participation is associated with negative rates of TFP growth.","PeriodicalId":389672,"journal":{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132179570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Can Information Help Reduce Imbalanced Application of Fertilizers in India? Experimental Evidence from Bihar 信息能帮助印度减少化肥施用不平衡吗?来自比哈尔邦的实验证据
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.21955/gatesopenres.1115105.1
R. Fishman, A. Kishore, Yoav Rothler, Patrick S. Ward, S. Jha, R. Singh
{"title":"Can Information Help Reduce Imbalanced Application of Fertilizers in India? Experimental Evidence from Bihar","authors":"R. Fishman, A. Kishore, Yoav Rothler, Patrick S. Ward, S. Jha, R. Singh","doi":"10.21955/gatesopenres.1115105.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21955/gatesopenres.1115105.1","url":null,"abstract":"The imbalanced application of chemical fertilizers in India is widely blamed for low yields, poor soil health, pollution of water resources, and large public expenditures on subsidies, amounting to about 1 percent of India’s gross domestic product. To address the issue, the government of India is investing in a large-scale, expensive program of individualized soil testing and customized fertilizer recommendations, with the hope that scientific information will lead farmers to optimize the fertilizer mix. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in the Indian state of Bihar in what we believe to be the first evaluation of the effectiveness of the program as currently implemented. We did not find evidence of a statistically significant impact of customized fertilizer recommendations on fertilizer use. The lack of impact can be attributed to several factors, including a lack of understanding, lack of confidence in the information’s reliability, or other factors such as fertilizer costs that inhibit farmers from optimizing fertilizer application ratios even if the information shifts their underlying preferences. We provide evidence that suggests lack of confidence is the main factor inhibiting farmers’ response.","PeriodicalId":389672,"journal":{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series","volume":"734 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122002346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Financial Constraints and International Trade with Endogenous Mode of Competition 金融约束与内生竞争模式下的国际贸易
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/J.JBANKFIN.2016.03.007
Antoine Bouët, Anne-Gaël Vaubourg
{"title":"Financial Constraints and International Trade with Endogenous Mode of Competition","authors":"Antoine Bouët, Anne-Gaël Vaubourg","doi":"10.1016/J.JBANKFIN.2016.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBANKFIN.2016.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389672,"journal":{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120803667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Moving in the Right Direction? Maize Productivity and Fertilizer Use and Use Intensity in Ghana 朝着正确的方向前进?加纳的玉米生产力、肥料使用和使用强度
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2405711
A. Chapoto, C. Ragasa
{"title":"Moving in the Right Direction? Maize Productivity and Fertilizer Use and Use Intensity in Ghana","authors":"A. Chapoto, C. Ragasa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2405711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2405711","url":null,"abstract":"Using cross-sectional data on 630 maize farmers and 645 maize plots in Ghana, this paper provides empirical evidence on the responsiveness of maize yield to fertilizer use and use intensity and the economics of fertilizer use with or without subsidy. Similar to previous studies in Ghana and Africa south of the Sahara, the results show that there is a statistically significant maize yield response (that is, 1 kilogram of nitrogen leads to a yield increase of 22 kilograms per hectare).","PeriodicalId":389672,"journal":{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129785308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
Links between Tenure Security and Food Security: Evidence from Ethiopia 权属保障与粮食安全之间的联系:来自埃塞俄比亚的证据
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2343158
Hagos Hosaena Ghebru, S. Holden
{"title":"Links between Tenure Security and Food Security: Evidence from Ethiopia","authors":"Hagos Hosaena Ghebru, S. Holden","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2343158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2343158","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses five rounds of household panel data from Tigray, Ethiopia, collected in the period 1998–2010 to assess the impacts of a land registration and certification program that aimed to strengthen tenure security and how it has contributed to increased food availability and, thus, food security in this food-deficit region. Results show that land certification appears to have contributed to enhanced calorie availability (calorie intake), and more so for female-headed households, either through enhanced land rental market participation or increased investment and productivity on owner-operated land. Results also show that members of households that accessed additional land through the land rental market had a significantly higher body mass index.","PeriodicalId":389672,"journal":{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series","volume":"323 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122739321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 75
Agricultural Commercialization, Land Expansion, and Homegrown Large-Scale Farmers: Insights from Ghana 农业商业化、土地扩张和本土大规模农民:来自加纳的见解
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2343154
A. Chapoto, A. Mabiso, Adwinmea Bonsu
{"title":"Agricultural Commercialization, Land Expansion, and Homegrown Large-Scale Farmers: Insights from Ghana","authors":"A. Chapoto, A. Mabiso, Adwinmea Bonsu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2343154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2343154","url":null,"abstract":"The past decade has seen several African countries increasing their agricultural growth, a trend largely underpinned by increases in land area cultivated instead of productivity increases. Meanwhile, scholars debate whether Africa should pursue a strategy of large-scale or smallholder farms, paying little attention to a special group of smallholder farmers who have transitioned to become medium- and large-scale farmers. This study, therefore, begins to analyze this group of farmers, using qualitative data from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions in Ghana. We analyze their characteristics, ingredients of farm-size expansion, and commercialization.","PeriodicalId":389672,"journal":{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124921050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 60
The Formation of Job Referral Networks: Experimental Evidence from Urban Ethiopia 工作推荐网络的形成:来自埃塞俄比亚城市的实验证据
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2310090
A. Caria, I. Hassen
{"title":"The Formation of Job Referral Networks: Experimental Evidence from Urban Ethiopia","authors":"A. Caria, I. Hassen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2310090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2310090","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we focus on exclusion from job contact networks, which constitutes a major disadvantage for labor market participants in settings where referral hiring is common and information about jobs hard to obtain. In a mid-size town in northern Ethiopia, where these mechanisms are at work, we observe that many individuals do not access local job contact networks. Models of strategic network formation and behavioral decision theory suggest that given the right incentives, job contact networks should be more inclusive. On these grounds we hypothesize that workers would link to peripheral peers when this maximizes their chances of referral and when self-regarding concerns are absent due to social preferences.","PeriodicalId":389672,"journal":{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127428954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Exchange Rate Policy and Devaluation in Malawi 马拉维的汇率政策和货币贬值
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2235683
K. Pauw, P. Dorosh, John Mazunda
{"title":"Exchange Rate Policy and Devaluation in Malawi","authors":"K. Pauw, P. Dorosh, John Mazunda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2235683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2235683","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates why devaluation was ultimately necessary in Malawi and also what its eventual impact might be in terms of prices, income distribution, and domestic production. Our approach is to use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to evaluate the economywide impacts of foreign exchange shortages in Malawi under two alternative exchange rate regimes. The foreign exchange shortages are modeled by simulating the effect of actual shocks, including tobacco price declines and reductions in direct budgetary support or foreign direct investments. We then evaluate the economy’s response to these shocks under a fixed exchange rate regime and a flexible exchange rate regime.","PeriodicalId":389672,"journal":{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122668223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Extreme Weather and Civil War in Somalia: Does Drought Fuel Conflict through Livestock Price Shocks? 索马里的极端天气和内战:干旱是否通过牲畜价格冲击加剧了冲突?
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2228878
Jean-François Maystadt, O. Ecker, A. Mabiso
{"title":"Extreme Weather and Civil War in Somalia: Does Drought Fuel Conflict through Livestock Price Shocks?","authors":"Jean-François Maystadt, O. Ecker, A. Mabiso","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2228878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2228878","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change leads to more frequent and more intense droughts in Somalia. In a global context, weather shocks have been found to perpetuate poverty and fuel civil conflict. By relating regional and temporal variations in violent conflict outbreaks with drought incidence and severity, we show that this causality is valid also for Somalia at the local level. We find that livestock price shocks drive drought-induced conflicts through reducing the opportunity costs of conflict participation. Our estimation results indicate that a temperature rise of around 3.2 degrees Celsius—corresponding to the median Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenario for eastern Africa by the end of the century—would lower cattle prices by about 4 percent and, in turn, increase the incidence of violent conflict by about 58 percent. Hence climate change will further aggravate Somalia’s security challenges and calls for decisive action to strengthen both drought and conflict resilience, especially in pastoralist and agropastoralist livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":389672,"journal":{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123200016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 51
The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index 妇女农业赋权指数
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2012-12-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2197300
S. Alkire, R. Meinzen-Dick, Amber Peterman, A. Quisumbing, Gregory Seymour, Ana Vaz
{"title":"The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index","authors":"S. Alkire, R. Meinzen-Dick, Amber Peterman, A. Quisumbing, Gregory Seymour, Ana Vaz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2197300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2197300","url":null,"abstract":"The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) measures the empowerment, agency, and inclusion of women in the agricultural sector and comprises two subindexes. The first assesses empowerment of women in five domains, including (1) decisions about agricultural production, (2) access to and decisionmaking power about productive resources, (3) control of use of income, (4) leadership in the community, and (5) time allocation. The second subindex measures the percentage of women whose achievements are at least as high as men in their households and, for women lacking parity, the relative empowerment gap with respect to the male in their household. This article documents the development of the WEAI and presents pilot findings from Bangladesh, Guatemala, and Uganda.","PeriodicalId":389672,"journal":{"name":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122507917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 919
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