{"title":"Making Sense of Digital Disintermediation and Development: The Case of the Mombasa Tea Auction","authors":"Christopher Foster","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Firms in the Global South often suffer by being at the end of long value chains full of middlemen (intermediaries) who capture value and inhibit information flow. But as ever more of the world becomes digitally connected, digitally-driven disintermediation is seen as one of the key benefits of adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) and internet connectivity for firms in the Global South. However, few analyses have delved into the detail of disintermediation and potential uneven impacts that may emerge from such processes. To support such an analysis, we explore transaction cost theory in detail to highlight potential gaps in analysis of disintermediation related to institution-, normand powerdriven analysis of transactions. We do this by looking at the East African Tea sector. Within the sector, the Mombasa Tea Auction was seemingly a good candidate for digital disintermediation, but with strong resistance for well embedded institutions attempts to create an ‘e-auction’ have yet to fully come into being. At the same time new channels of disintermediation are emerging between well connected firms which are less inclusive. This work then highlights key points in analysis and practice around disintermediation. Perspectives that privilege economic aspects of transactions may miss out on important processes as disintermediation emerges. We suggest that a greater awareness of the ways that actors exert power and strategically use institutional resources are important in understanding the wider developmental impacts of digital disintermediation.","PeriodicalId":389208,"journal":{"name":"Digital Economies at Global Margins","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129089139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Digitalization of Anti-poverty Programs: Aadhaar and the Reform of Social Protection in India","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389208,"journal":{"name":"Digital Economies at Global Margins","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127301538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changing Connectivity and Digital Economies at Global Margins","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389208,"journal":{"name":"Digital Economies at Global Margins","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114097646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389208,"journal":{"name":"Digital Economies at Global Margins","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117185635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Economies at Global Margins: A Warning from the Dark Side","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389208,"journal":{"name":"Digital Economies at Global Margins","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122574534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hackathons and the Cultivation of Platform Dependence","authors":"L. Irani","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Private firms, public institutions, and civil society organizations have taken up hackathons as a way of engaging publics in technological innovation all over the world. This chapter offers ethnographic and historical case studies of three hackathons: a citizen-organized hackathon in Delhi, India; a global, multi-city hackathon convened by the World Bank; and a private sector hackathon in Silicon Valley. As short-term, volunteer run events, these hackathons functioned to extend and valorize existing infrastructural investments at the expense of longer-term, more costly, but more locally relevant infrastructural investments. The events also enlisted those privileged with coding skills, English skills, and teamwork skills as mediators of local community needs rather than building substantive, accessible participation for communities. I argue that hackathons privilege research and development through the pursuit of “low hanging fruit,” cultivating dependence on existing platforms and their vested interests.","PeriodicalId":389208,"journal":{"name":"Digital Economies at Global Margins","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126633925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Platforms at the Margins","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389208,"journal":{"name":"Digital Economies at Global Margins","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126256596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Let the Private Sector Take Care of This”: The Philanthro-Capitalism of Digital Humanitarianism","authors":"Ryan Burns","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, I illuminate new political economies of humanitarian technologies. Crowdsourcing, social media, and mass collaboration—collectively termed digital humanitarianism—are increasingly impacting humanitarian work. At the same time, for-profit businesses are becoming more involved in humanitarianism in the phenomenon called “philanthro-capitalism.” In fact, for-profit businesses are now partnering with digital humanitarians and developing technologies for their use. I argue that these phenomena signal broader shifting relationships between the state and the private sector, enabled through digital humanitarian technologies. Digital humanitarianism and philanthro-capitalism should be understood in the context of a greater climate of austerity and neoliberal political-economic reforms in humanitarianism. In this climate, humanitarian agencies see digital humanitarianism as an innovation that enables their continued operation. These shifts increasingly inculcate private, for-profit logics, rationalities, and imperatives into humanitarianism, aid relief, and most broadly the public sector. These processes take the specific form of philanthro-capitalism, as forprofit businesses such as Esri, Google, and others develop the tools and languages for digital humanitarianism. It is through these shifts that humanitarianism is becoming a new site for capital accumulation; the process by which crisis-related knowledges and needs are being turned into profit. It raises important questions about the relationship between crisis and capital accumulation, and how the profit imperative frames the types of needs and crises receiving attention. This represents a new struggle around how knowledge, needs, and people are encoded as data and the types of assistance that are deemed appropriate based on those representations.","PeriodicalId":389208,"journal":{"name":"Digital Economies at Global Margins","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132787574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development or Divide? Information and Communication Technologies in Commercial Small-Scale Farming in East Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389208,"journal":{"name":"Digital Economies at Global Margins","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132997892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marginal Benefits at the Global Margins: The Unfulfilled Potential of Digital Technologies","authors":"","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10890.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":389208,"journal":{"name":"Digital Economies at Global Margins","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130347064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}