Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal最新文献

{"title":"Preparing low-cost cadaveric cross-sections for integrated teaching and learning of cross-sectional radiological anatomy and gross anatomy in medical education","authors":"U. Liyanage, Y. Mathangasinghe, A. Malalasekera","doi":"10.4038/slaj.v6i1.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v6i1.142","url":null,"abstract":"The study of cross-sections in orthogonal planes lay a solid foundation for a 3-dimensional approach to learning anatomy and helps correlate with radiological cross-sectional images. We aimed to develop instructional material for such teaching/learning using a low-cost method for cross-sectioning. Cross-sections of preserved frozen cadavers were obtained analogous to CT imaging planes, and subsequently paired with corresponding radiological images for comparison. Hence, this cost-effective method can be used to develop resources for teaching both cross-sectional and radiological anatomy.","PeriodicalId":388898,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128476211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological changes due to osteoarthritis in articular cartilages of the knee","authors":"HA Amaratunga, SB Adikari, HJ Suraweera, Awmwdb Amunugama, MR Illeperuma, Sivakanesan, WS Rathnaweera, Drck Dissanayake","doi":"10.4038/slaj.v6i2.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v6i2.162","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The bony ends of a synovial joint are lined by a specialised hyaline cartilage termed the articular cartilage. Articular cartilage can be affected with degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis. Knee being one of the larger joints built for weight bearing is the commonest site for osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to describe the macroscopic and microscopic features of articular cartilages of the knee joint in patients diagnosed with primary osteoarthritis.Methods: Seventy-two articular cartilages removed during total knee replacement surgery were observed for macroscopic damage and graded according to the direct visual assessment score. Thirty specimens randomly selected were processed for histology and stained with Safranin-O-fast green-iron hematoxylin and observed and scored using the Mankins histological and histochemical grading system.Results: majority of specimens showed severe damage in the medial compartment and much less damage in the lateral compartment. In the tibia the damage was greatest on the medial most edge where the articular cartilage was absent leaving the bone exposed. Anteromedial area was relatively spared. In the femur the middle part of the medial condyle was seen to be more severely damaged. A similar pattern was observed in 19 (63.3%) of the specimens and showed exposure of bone. In the lateral compartment worst damage was observed in the middle of the lateral femoral condyle, with the rest of the lateral compartment being well persevered. This pattern was observed in 26 (86.6%) of the knee specimens.Conclusion: OA of the medial compartment causes the two cartilage surfaces to grind together, mechanically denuding the cartilage layers, while the lateral compartment which receives much less mechanical stress is well preserved.","PeriodicalId":388898,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116467069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of \"Caterpillar hump\" of right hepatic artery in the \"Calot triangle\" among a selected population in Sri Lanka. A chart review","authors":"V. Abeysuriya, L. Chandrasena","doi":"10.4038/slaj.v6i2.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v6i2.160","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: \"Caterpillar hump\" of the right hepatic artery in the triangle of Calot, is a rare variation that increases the risk of vascular and biliary injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of right hepatic artery forming \"Caterpillar hump\" in a selected cohort of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a private hospital in Sri Lanka.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the prevalence of \"Caterpillar hump\" of the right hepatic artery among patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis in a private hospital in Colombo, Sri Lanka, from 2015 to 2022. Data were retrieved from the available records at hospitals from 2015 to 2022. There were 79 patients recode during the study period. These records consist of manually written bed head charts, discharge summaries and electronic medical records. Patient records which did not clearly mention the Calot triangle vasculature or illegible handwriting were excluded from the study. Out of that, only 75 [94.9%] patients' charts were eligible for the study. Data on demographic and Calot triangle vasculature was recorded during surgery and retrieved from the hospital records. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the hospital's ethical committee.Results: Among the patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 50 (66.7%) were female, and 25(33.3%) were male patients, with a mean (±SD) age of 57.4±4.8 years (range 18–81). The prevalence of the \"Caterpillar hump\" right hepatic artery in the calot's triangle among the study sample was 4 % ( 3/75). Two were females and one male. In all cases, the vascular variation was reported in a single-loop fashion, and no double-loop configuration was noted.Conclusions: This study showed that the right hepatic artery was subjected to this rare anatomical variation. This anomalous presentation increased the risk of vessel ligation or injury during laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Thus, the awareness of caterpillar hump within Calot triangle, during surgical procedures is useful.","PeriodicalId":388898,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128514169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legislation for cadaver procurement for teaching anatomy in Sri Lanka","authors":"T. Chenthuran","doi":"10.4038/slaj.v6i2.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v6i2.161","url":null,"abstract":"Cadaver-based teaching remain as an integral and imperative component of anatomy education. In the past, bodies obtained from execution, grave robbing, and murder were used to carry out cadaveric dissection. It appears that body donation and the procurement of unclaimed bodies are the typical methods that are currently employed for such purposes universally. The former method is recommended by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists. Body donation in Sri Lanka is governed by the legislation, and the policies of medical institutions. Therefore, any request for body donation that does not meet the requirements of both the legislation and the individual medical institution will not be accepted. This manuscript aims to review the current legislation of the country along with other selected international laws and guidelines pertaining to procurement of bodies for anatomy education.","PeriodicalId":388898,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130258137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of conducting online objective structured practical examination (OSPE) in anatomy among first year medical undergraduates","authors":"H. A. U. Madhushani, H. Dayarathna, M. Fahd, S. Y. W. Dahanayaka, K. K. N. T. Kaluarachchi, H. Herath, N. J. Pahalawattage, M. D. W. A. B. Marapana, E. W. Kosgallana, H. Amaratunga","doi":"10.4038/slaj.v6i2.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v6i2.147","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the effectiveness of conducting an online OSPE (Objective Structured Practical Examination) in Anatomy for first year medical students.\u0000Material and Methods: Following a 2-week prior notice, 222 first-year medical undergraduates who had undergone exclusively online learning for one semester, were subjected to an online OSPE conducted via conferencing platform. Subsequently, student feedback was obtained via a google form regarding exam environment, prior preparation, clarity of images, and technical problems faced during the exam. SPSS Version 25 was used for descriptive analysis and one-sample T-test was used to compare the results with a previous batch that underwent onsite face-to-face teaching and examinations.\u0000Results: Satisfaction with images of gross anatomy specimens, radiographs, and histology slides were 48.2%, 90.5%, and 76.6% respectively. A majority agreed that the OSPE helped them to improve their knowledge (92.8%) and intrigued interest in the subject, motivating them to study (83.8%).\u0000Compared to a previous batch that underwent onsite teaching and examination, the performance of the students in this group was significantly lower (p<0.001).\u0000Conclusion: The lower performance of the students faced with the online OSPE may be due to learning anatomy only using online platforms hindering the three-dimensional understanding of Anatomy, short preparation time, and inexperience at facing online examinations. Even though technology-based learning and examination techniques have developed with the recent COVID 19 pandemic, it cannot yet replace the traditional methods in teaching and examination in Anatomy. However, this study shows that conducting online examinations is feasible with only 34.7% of students reporting minor technical difficulties.","PeriodicalId":388898,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127027620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The teaching of anatomy in the modern world – The role of human cadaveric dissection","authors":"Joel Arudchelvam","doi":"10.4038/slaj.v6i2.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v6i2.159","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available","PeriodicalId":388898,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128089320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic neck pain and its association with the angle of the cervical curve","authors":"T. S. Weerakoon, P. Dissanayake, M. Weerasekera, S. Jayakody, B. N. Abeywickrama, S. Yasawardene","doi":"10.4038/slaj.v6i2.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v6i2.163","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the angle of the cervical curve and the presence of chronic neck pain. Material and Methods: Case control study was conducted among 363 patients, (females 76.9%), who had neck pain (>3 months) and 349 individuals, (females 58.5%), with no neck pain, aged 20-69 years. Angle of the cervical curve was measured in lateral x-rays of cervical spine using AutoCAD 2014 and cross checked by two Consultant Radiologists. Angle of the cervical curve was categorized as 35°-45°-normal lordosis, <35°-hypolordosis and >45°-hyperlordosis. Percentages of each category were calculated.Results: Among the patients with chronic neck pain, 44.9% (n=163) had hypolordosis, 49% (n=178) had hyperlordosis and 6.1% (n=22) had the normal lordosis. Among the individuals with no neck pain, the majority (80.8%, n=282) had the normal lordosis, 12.3% (n=43) had hypolordosis and 6.9% (n=24) had hyperlordosis. Chi square test showed a statistically significant association between neck pain and the angle of cervical curve (p=0.001). According to Cramer’s V (0.615) there was a strong association between the two variables. For purposes of analysis both hypolordosis or hyperlordosis were categorized as atypical angle. When compared to individuals with a normal lordosis, those with an atypical angle have a 3.3 times risk of having neck pain.Conclusion: Hypolordosis or hyperlordosis, atypical angle of the cervical curve contribute to chronic neck pain.","PeriodicalId":388898,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128061225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric Analysis of Peroneus Tertius and Extensor Digitorum Longus","authors":"E. W. Kosgallana, J. M. Eshwara, Lakshika S. Nawarathna, J. Dissanayake","doi":"10.4038/slaj.v6i2.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v6i2.145","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse morphometric characteristics of the Peroneus Tertius (PT) and Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscles with important correlations and associations that may describe their functional significance.Material and Methods: The measurements PT and EDL muscles of cadavers were taken using a standard measuring tape. Minitab software Version 20.1 was used for statistical analysis methods of Spearman rho, Mood’s Median test, Fishers Exact test, and Two-sample T-test.\u0000Results: Of the 54 specimens of lower limbs, the mean length of origin of the PT from the fibula was 13.80±5.52 cm and 76% of the specimens with a separate origin of PT extended to its proximal half. The distal insertion of PT tendon was mostly as a single insertion into the base of the fifth metatarsal bone (55.55%). Spearman rho correlation value for the EDL muscle belly circumference with the number of intertendinous connections showed a mild negative correlation.\u0000Conclusions: Knowledge of morphometric characteristics and the variations of these muscles aid in clinical applications and suggest the use of radiological assessment of the muscle prior to surgical intervention.","PeriodicalId":388898,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124007191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tribute to a Sri Lankan legend in anatomy – Professor Tilak Richard Weerasooriya 20/11/1950 to 20/02/2022","authors":"E. Waidyarathne","doi":"10.4038/slaj.v6i1.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v6i1.157","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available","PeriodicalId":388898,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal","volume":"322 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123301423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do sperm motility, morphology or associated factors predict the success rate of intrauterine insemination?","authors":"N. S. Rodrigo, Varuni Tennakoon, M. Jayawardena","doi":"10.4038/slaj.v6i1.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/slaj.v6i1.148","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Infertility is a global health issue among couples of reproductive age. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment method where the processed sperms are deposited in the female uterus during the time of ovulation. The aim of this study was to explore the factors predicting the success rate of IUI (IUI-SR).\u0000Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted analysing SFA and corresponding IUI reports of couples who underwent IUI from January 2017 to August 2021 at the Professorial unit of Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka. The data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0.\u0000Results: A total of 140 SFA and corresponding IUI reports were used. The IUI-SR was 18.57% (n=26). A significantly high IUI-SR was noted when the female partner aged <30 years compared to >30 years (p=0.000, OR=1.87), with first two IUI attempts compared to multiple IUI attempts (p=0.017, OR=0.271), pre-processed sperm concentration >30M/ml compared to <30M/ml (p=0.019, OR=3.12), and pre-processed sperm motility (progressive and non-progressive)>40% compared to <40% {p=0.039, OR=5.31). The period of abstinence (p-value=0.222), pre-processed sperm parameters such as total count (p-value=0.093), normal form morphology (p-value=0.082), viability (p-value=0.093), or post-processed sperm parameters such as concentration, progressive motility did not significantly influence the IUI-SR.\u0000Conclusion: A significantly high success rate of IUI can be achieved when the female partner is aged <30 years and with the first two IUI attempts. Pre-processed sperm concentration >30M/ml, and pre-processed sperm motility of progressive >32% and non-progressive <15% also predict a higher success rate of IUI.","PeriodicalId":388898,"journal":{"name":"Sri Lanka Anatomy Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123092042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}