Advances in Decision Sciences最新文献_第10页

Efficiency of the Retail Industry and Inelastic Supply 零售业效率与非弹性供给

Advances in Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.47654/v24y2020i2p134-166

Y. Konishi, Y. Nishiyama

{"title":"Efficiency of the Retail Industry and Inelastic Supply","authors":"Y. Konishi, Y. Nishiyama","doi":"10.47654/v24y2020i2p134-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47654/v24y2020i2p134-166","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a method to measure the efficiency of the retail industry. In the case of the manufacturing industry, we can define its efficiency by total factor productivity (TFP) based on the production function. Since retailers do not produce specific objects, we cannot observe their output with the exception of monetary observations such as sales or profit. TFP could be computed as in the manufacturing industry using such data, however, increased TFP does not necessarily indicate efficiency gain for retailers because it also includes the effects from the demand side. If demand increases, the TFP of retailers will increase. Therefore, we look at retailers' cost function rather than production function to study their efficiency. Assuming that the retail industry is competitive, we construct a cost model and identify the cost efficiency. In standard economic theory, duality holds for productivity and cost efficiency, though it is not clear in the present case. This paper deals with the retailers of goods with an inelastic supply function which include agricultural and marine products. We propose and apply a new empirical method to measure the retail industry efficiency of agricultural products using Japanese regional panel data of wholesale and market prices and traded quantity for a variety of vegetables from 2008 to 2014. The marginal cost efficiency was stable during this period.","PeriodicalId":38875,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"134-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70849102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protecting Scientific Integrity and Public Policy Pronouncements on COVID-19 保护科学诚信和针对COVID-19的公共政策声明

Advances in Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.47654/v24y2020i1p70-84

M. McAleer

引用次数: 1

When Incentives Beat Nudges But Not Bounded Rationality: Partial Effects of Incentives on Academic Cheating 当激励战胜激励而非有限理性:激励对学术作弊的部分影响

Advances in Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.47654/v24y2020i1p85-120

Felipe GonzÃ¡lez-Arango, MarÃa AngÃ©lica LÃ³pez-Ardila, J. Corredor

{"title":"When Incentives Beat Nudges But Not Bounded Rationality: Partial Effects of Incentives on Academic Cheating","authors":"Felipe GonzÃ¡lez-Arango, MarÃa AngÃ©lica LÃ³pez-Ardila, J. Corredor","doi":"10.47654/v24y2020i1p85-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47654/v24y2020i1p85-120","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the effect of nudges on dishonest academic behavior in a 3x4 factorial treatment design. Subjects had to throw a physical die 50 times, report the outcome and were given partial credit for their participation. 435 students were assigned to the following conditions: a) a nudge presenting an authoritarian instruction; 2) a nudge referring to the college code of honor; 3) a nudge that presented reasons for not cheating; and 4) a condition presenting no instruction at all. Additionally, within each condition, the partial credit incentive obtained from participating in the study varied. Some did not have it (n=166), others had a partial credit that represented 15% of the final grade (n=145), and, lastly, some of them had a partial credit that represented 2% or less of the final grade (n=124). Our results showed a significant difference between the group that had an academic incentive and the group that did not: t(433) = -2.35, p = 0.0190. However, we did not find any significant difference between any of the nudge conditions. Among students who could obtain academic credit, the incentiveâ€™s magnitude did not have an effect on the results of the task: t(267)=-0.90, p=0.3651. This indicates that the presence of incentives increases dishonest behavior, but their magnitude does not. These results suggest that when given an academic incentive to cheat, students will be dishonest, and they shed light on Colombian culture and on the effects of the education grading system. Finally, the study showed that the nudges that are reported in the literature are not as effective as they are said to be. In fact, more research should be dedicated to the effectiveness of nudges in different cultures and it should be done to look for effective nudges on academic settings.","PeriodicalId":38875,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70849409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Future of Tourism in the COVID-19 Era 2019冠状病毒病时代旅游业的未来

Advances in Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.47654/v24y2020i3p218-230

Chia‐Lin Chang, M. McAleer, V. Ramos

{"title":"The Future of Tourism in the COVID-19 Era","authors":"Chia‐Lin Chang, M. McAleer, V. Ramos","doi":"10.47654/v24y2020i3p218-230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47654/v24y2020i3p218-230","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease is now fully entrenched in the international community, and has devastated society in what might seem to be a parallel universe. The long-term medical, physical, psychological, economic and financial consequences for continents, countries, regions, states, provinces, prefectures, cities, and individuals is not yet known, but the short-term effects do not seem promising or encouraging. One of the most heavily affected industries by COVID-19 is the international travel, tourism demand and hospitality industry, which was one of the worldâ€™s largest sources of full-time and casual employment in the pre-COVID-19 era. The future of tourism in the COVID-19 era is presently unknown, but substantial research is required to evaluate how the industry might recover and survive in a new-normal COVID-19 world. The paper presents a discussion of the future of tourism, travel, and hospitality in the time of COVID-19 as a contribution to the industry. The paper presents a discussion of the future of tourism, travel, and hospitality industry. Public and private policy considerations include significant contingent planning to accommodate travel plans and restrictions, personal protection equipment, medical and healthcare requirements, major events, short, medium and long haul domestic and international travel by air and sea, public versus private transportation, hotel accommodation, alternative forms of payment and pre-payment, changes in the tourism and transport industries, changes in tourist behaviour, and potential structural changes.","PeriodicalId":38875,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"218-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70849747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Decision Sciences in Education: The STEMtech Model to Create Stem Products at High Schools in Vietnam 教育中的决策科学:在越南高中创建Stem产品的STEMtech模型

Advances in Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.47654/v24y2020i2p15-65

N. Hieu, Lam Minh Huy, Huynh Manh Phat, Nguyen Ngoc Anh, W. Wong

{"title":"Decision Sciences in Education: The STEMtech Model to Create Stem Products at High Schools in Vietnam","authors":"N. Hieu, Lam Minh Huy, Huynh Manh Phat, Nguyen Ngoc Anh, W. Wong","doi":"10.47654/v24y2020i2p15-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47654/v24y2020i2p15-65","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent digital age, Decision Science plays an important role in many areas, including Education. Among the Educational trends that serve the fourth industrial revolution, STEM Education has been demonstrating its superiority through various studies from Europe to Asia. This study applies the STEMTech model, a model that connects the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics to create products with a central technological factor, to create STEM products in the context of High Schools in Vietnam. We first design the survey questionnaires and distribute the questionnaires to respondents to get our survey done. We then carry out a quantitative analysis to evaluate rubric and find positive feedback from students, the model provides a new approach to teaching in High Schools in the industrial age 4.0, helps students create STEM products and have a dynamic and creative learning environment, and helps teachers to create modern tools and approaches. The real-life applications of the STEM products show the suitability, vitality, and potential of applying the STEMTech model when it comes to teaching.","PeriodicalId":38875,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"15-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70849847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

On Brownian Motion Approximation of Compound Poisson Processes with Applications to Threshold Models 复合泊松过程的布朗运动逼近及其在阈值模型中的应用

Advances in Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.47654/v23y2019i2p164-191

Dong Li, S. Ling, Guang Yang

引用次数: 2

Mathematical Modelling of Decision-Making: Application to Investment 决策的数学模型:在投资中的应用

Advances in Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.47654/v23y2019i2p1-14

引用次数: 2

Opinion Dynamics and Disagreements on Financial Networks 金融网络的舆论动态与分歧

Advances in Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.47654/v23y2019i4p24-51

M. McAleer

引用次数: 1

Applications of the Newton-Raphson Method in Decision Sciences and Education Newton-Raphson方法在决策科学和教育中的应用

Advances in Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.47654/v23y2019i4p52-80

引用次数: 8

Predictive Models for Classifying the Outcomes of Violence: Case Study for Thailand’s Deep South 暴力结果分类的预测模型:泰国南部腹地个案研究

Advances in Decision Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.47654/v23y2019i3p56-92

Bunjira Makond, M. Eso

{"title":"Predictive Models for Classifying the Outcomes of Violence: Case Study for Thailand’s Deep South","authors":"Bunjira Makond, M. Eso","doi":"10.47654/v23y2019i3p56-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47654/v23y2019i3p56-92","url":null,"abstract":"Violence is now widely recognized as a public health problem because of its significant consequences on the health and wellness of people and it remains a growing problem in many countries including Thailand. Elucidating the factors related to violence can provide information that can help to prevent violence and decrease the number of injuries. This study explored predictive data mining models which have high interpretability and prediction accuracy in classifying the outcomes of violence. After data preprocessing, a set of 21,424 incidents occurring from 2004 to 2016 were obtained from the Deep South Coordination Centre database. A correlation-based feature subset selection and decision tree technique with embedded feature selection were used for variable selection and four data mining techniques were applied to classify the violent outcomes into physical injury and no physical injury. The findings revealed that regardless of the variable selection method, gun was selected as a risk factor of physical injury. Moreover, a decision tree model with three variables, gun, zone, and solid/sharp weapon outperformed a naive Bayes model in terms of accurate performance and interpretability. Decision tree and artificial neural network models have similar levels of performance in classifying the outcome of violence but in practical terms, a decision tree model is more interpretable than an artificial neural network model.","PeriodicalId":38875,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Decision Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70848890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0