{"title":"Exogenous Shocks and Growth Crises in Low-Income Countries: A Vulnerability Index","authors":"Era Dabla‐Norris, Yasemin Bal-Gunduz","doi":"10.5089/9781475528510.001.A001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475528510.001.A001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a new index which provides early warning signals of a growth crisis in the event of large external shocks in low-income countries (LICs). Multivariate regression analysis and a univariate signaling approach are used to map information from a parsimonious set of underlying policy, structural, and institutional indicators into a composite vulnerability index. Both the in-sample and out-of-sample predictive power of the index are high. In particular, it explains well the growth crises observed in LICs during the global financial crisis.","PeriodicalId":388404,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometric Modeling: Commodity Markets (Topic)","volume":"119 1 Suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128481870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is the Convenience Yield a Good Indicator for a Commodity’s Criticality?","authors":"C. Stepanek, Matthias Walter, A. Rathgeber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2084924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2084924","url":null,"abstract":"For some commodities, the strong increase in demand over the last decade will have major impact on their future availability. Thus, the importance of assessing a commodity’s criticality by means of criticality indicators continuously increases. In the literature, numerous indicators for criticality are proposed (e.g., spot prices, the Herfindhal-Hirschmann Index, etc.). In order to address some of the major shortcomings of these existing indicators, especially regarding their predictive power, we propose to use the convenience yield of commodity futures as criticality indicator. In the paper we aimed to test the applicability of the convenience yield as indicator for a commodity’s future criticality. Therefore we used historical convenience yields from 3, 15, and 27 months futures contracts for five major industrial metals. We compared the convenience yields at the beginning of the contracts with known criticality indicators until the time of maturity. We found evidence that the convenience yield in general has predictive power on the static stock lifetime (i.e. inventory volume / turnover) and future spot prices. Furthermore we show evidence that with some restrictions the convenience yield suits to be an applicable indicator for a commodity’s criticality.","PeriodicalId":388404,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometric Modeling: Commodity Markets (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134456313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financialization of Commodities","authors":"M. Falkowski","doi":"10.5709/CE.1897-9254.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5709/CE.1897-9254.24","url":null,"abstract":"The basic theory of price formation tells us how the price of a particular asset will change based on the adjustment to its supply and demand. However, values of assets are also determined by other business fundamentals, company’s and world events, human psychology, and investors’ belief about the possible future profit. In recent history that lead to an increase of individual and institutional investors’ interest in allocating their resources in commodity markets. With a large inflow of capital commodities’ prices started to rise making them attractive components to effective investment portfolios. The presented paper addresses the issue of so called commodities ‘financialization’ process. It looks at the main factors standing behind commodities’ price movements and to what extent financial market participants contributed to commodities price volatility in recent years. Based on the data examined it distinguishes the involvement of both commercial and non-commercial traders in short and long term periods of time. As well as explaining the impact of growing investors’ interest in commodity markets it defines other market forces - like currency appreciations and emerging markets - as being part of increased volatility in raw and soft commodity markets. Along with market examination the paper focuses on possible future outcomes in attempts to regulate commodities derivatives markets and potential effects of those efforts.","PeriodicalId":388404,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometric Modeling: Commodity Markets (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124403024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intelligent Commodity Trading and Risk Management","authors":"H. Till","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2612245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2612245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses intelligent risk-management techniques and new product innovation in the commodity futures markets. First, though, it reviews the century-plus debate on the role of commodity speculators, given the prevalent concerns that this activity may have a destabilizing impact on commodity prices.","PeriodicalId":388404,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometric Modeling: Commodity Markets (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125311092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Commodity Distribution Pattern and Price Setting Pattern","authors":"Dwi Kartikasari","doi":"10.14414/JEBAV.V13I2.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14414/JEBAV.V13I2.396","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concerns the distribution (marketing) channel behavior and price formation of commodities. It is a successive analysis answering question what commodities most contribute to inflation in Batam. These commodities are chicken meat, spinach, red chili pepper, string bean, water spinach (kangkung), mackerel (selar), and tuna fish (tongkol). The objectives of this research are (1) to break down the nature of marketing channel of commodities, i.e. chicken meat, spinach, and mackerel (selar); (2) to know the formation of selling price of the commodities. The research was conducted by purposive - snow ball sampling starting from producers.The respondents involved are 19 producers, 3 importers, 22 wholesalers, and 58 retailers. As a whole, the research proves that the common channel level is channel three for vegetables and chicken meat involving producers/importers, wholesaler, and retailers. Whereas the number of channel levels for fish is four since collectors (pengepul) gather from fishermen then bring the fish to wholesalers.","PeriodicalId":388404,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometric Modeling: Commodity Markets (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129488932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Price Discovery and Convergence in the Indian Commodities Market","authors":"V. Iyer, A. Pillai","doi":"10.1108/17538251011035873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17538251011035873","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine whether futures markets play a dominant role in the price discovery process. The rate of convergence of information from one market to another is analyzed to infer the efficiency of futures as an effective hedging tool. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses a two-regime threshold vector autoregression (TVAR) and a two-regime threshold autoregression for six commodities. The regimes (or states) are defined around the expiration week of the futures contract. Findings - This paper finds evidence for price discovery process happening in the futures market in five out of six commodities. However, the rate of convergence of information is slow, particularly in the non-expiration weeks. For copper, gold and silver, the rate of convergence is almost instantaneous during the expiration week of the futures contract affirming the utility of futures contracts as an effective hedging tool. In case of chickpeas, nickel and rubber the convergence worsens during the expiration week indicating the non-usability of futures contract for hedging. Originality/value - This paper extends the framework developed by Garbade","PeriodicalId":388404,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometric Modeling: Commodity Markets (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115570679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Indexing in the Equity and Commodity Markets","authors":"H. Till, J. Eagleeye","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2615212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2615212","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of indexing is exceptionally well documented in the equity markets. The same has not yet been the case for the commodity markets. Our empirical results suggest that one should see increased price-pressure effects in the commodity markets with any increase in the popularity of index-based commodity investments. Our results also suggest one additional subtle point: when comparing price-pressure results across commodities, it is not just the amount of passive investment that matters; how risky the opportunity is for market professionals to take advantage appears to also be a very important factor.","PeriodicalId":388404,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometric Modeling: Commodity Markets (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129081666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mogilevskii, Nazgul Abdrazakova, Saule Chalbasova
{"title":"The Impact of Kumtor Gold Mine on the Economic and Social Development of the Kyrgyz Republic","authors":"R. Mogilevskii, Nazgul Abdrazakova, Saule Chalbasova","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2946720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2946720","url":null,"abstract":"The Kumtor gold mine is the Kyrgyz Republic’s largest enterprise. This paper provides details of the mine’s operations and documents its current socioeconomic contribution to the Kyrgyz economy including GDP, exports, investment, and the government budget and social development of the country. The paper also simulates the mine’s future operations and its impact on the economy of the country for three scenarios: core (business as usual), pessimistic (abrupt closure of the mine), and optimistic (extended terms of its service). This analysis is implemented using computable general equilibrium model (MAMS) developed by the World Bank and adapted by the authors to the Kyrgyz economy. Results of the simulations confirm the large direct and indirect impact of Kumtor on the country’s economy.","PeriodicalId":388404,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Econometric Modeling: Commodity Markets (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126005822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}