Landscape Online最新文献_第10页

Density, Spatial Pattern and Relief Features of Sacred Sites in Northern Morocco 摩洛哥北部圣地密度、空间格局与浮雕特征

Landscape Online Pub Date : 2013-02-27 DOI: 10.3097/LO.201332

H. Jäckle, M. Rudner, U. Deil

{"title":"Density, Spatial Pattern and Relief Features of Sacred Sites in Northern Morocco","authors":"H. Jäckle, M. Rudner, U. Deil","doi":"10.3097/LO.201332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.201332","url":null,"abstract":"Sacred sites are of conservation value because of their spiritual meaning, as cultural heritage and as remnants of near-natural biotopes in landscapes strongly transformed by man. The vegetation of sacred sites in Morocco was studied recently. Information about their number, spatial pattern or relief position is fragmentary. However, these parameters are important to evaluate their role as refuge for organisms and their representativeness of potential natural vegetation. Therefore, density and spatial pattern of sacred sites on the Tangier Peninsula in NW Morocco were studied based on records on topographic maps and by ground check. Their relief position was examined calculating a logistic regression model based on site-presences and random pseudo-absences. A ground check showed that around 67% of the existing sacred sites are documented in the topographic maps. They occur in the whole study area but are agglomerated around settlements. Although sacred sites occur with preference at elevated sites they can be found in almost all relief positions, thus offering the potential of supporting different types of climax vegetation (climatic climax and pedoclimax). Because of their abundance (around 29 sacred sites / 100 km²) and their distribution pattern they could serve as elements of a biotope network in degraded landscapes.","PeriodicalId":38803,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Online","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3097/LO.201332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69301013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Structure and Process - Influence of Historical Agriculture of Linear Flow Paths by Extreme Rainfall in Brandenburg 结构与过程——勃兰登堡极端降雨对线性流道历史农业的影响

Landscape Online Pub Date : 2012-12-21 DOI: 10.3097/LO.201231

D. Deumlich

引用次数: 5

Peninsula Effects on Birds in a Coastal Landscape: Are Coves More Species Rich than Lobes? 半岛对海岸景观中鸟类的影响:海湾比叶状区物种更丰富吗?

Landscape Online Pub Date : 2012-10-17 DOI: 10.3097/LO.201229

S. Riffell, B. Keas, T. Burton

{"title":"Peninsula Effects on Birds in a Coastal Landscape: Are Coves More Species Rich than Lobes?","authors":"S. Riffell, B. Keas, T. Burton","doi":"10.3097/LO.201229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.201229","url":null,"abstract":"Peninsula effects - decreasing richness with increasing distance along peninsula lobes - have been identified for many taxa on large peninsulas. Peninsula effects are caused by differences in colonization and extinction predicted by island biogeography or by environmental gradients along the peninsula. We compared species-area regressions for cove patches (i.e., mainland) to regressions for lobe patches (i.e., on peninsula tips) for wet meadow birds along a highly interdigitated shoreline (northern Lake Huron, USA). We conducted analysis both with and without accounting for variation in habitat and landscape characteristics (i.e., environmental gradients) of wet meadows. Species-area regressions for coves did not differ from lobes, nor did these results differ when we accounted for gradients. Similarly, few species were more abundant in coves. Peninsula effects may have been lacking because lobe patches were located ≈ 800 m on average from the mainland, and birds are highly mobile and can easily sample patches over these distances. One important caveat was that wet meadow patches > 5 ha were located in coves, so coves would still be important considerations in conservation plans because of the contribution of large patches to reproductive success, dispersal and population dynamics.","PeriodicalId":38803,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Online","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69300500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Impact of wild herbivorous mammals and birds on the altitudinal and northern treeline ecotones 野生草食性哺乳动物和鸟类对海拔和北部树线过渡带的影响

Landscape Online Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.3097/LO.201230

F. Holtmeier

{"title":"Impact of wild herbivorous mammals and birds on the altitudinal and northern treeline ecotones","authors":"F. Holtmeier","doi":"10.3097/LO.201230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.201230","url":null,"abstract":"Wild herbivorous mammals may damage treeline vegetation an cause soil erosion at a local scale. In many high mountain areas of Europe and North America, large numbers of red deer have become a threat to the maintenance of high-elevation forests and attempts to restore the climatic treeline. In northern Fennoscandia, overgrazing by reindeer in combination with mass outbreaks of the autumnal moth are influencing treeline dynamics. Moose are also increasingly involved damaging treeline forest. In the Alps, the re-introduction of ibex is causing local damage to subalpine forests and tree establishment above the forest limit as well as aggravating soil erosion. High-elevation forests and treeline in Europe are susceptible to the deleterious impact of wild ungulate populations because of former extensive pastoral use. Rodents may damage tree seedlings and saplings by girdling, root cutting, bark stripping and burrowing. Hares damage young trees by gnawing. Large numbers of small rodents may occasionally impede tree regeneration by depleting the seed sources. Rodents do not contribute to forest expansion beyond the current treeline. Among birds, nutcrackers are highly effective in influencing tree distribution patterns and treeline dynamics. Without the nutcracker caching of stone pine seeds any upward advance of the trees in response to climatic warming would be impossible. Some bird species such as black grouse, willow grouse and ptarmigan can impair tree growth by feeding on buds, catkins and fresh terminal shoots.","PeriodicalId":38803,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Online","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69300559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Swiss Tree Lines – a GIS-Based Approximation 瑞士树线-基于gis的近似

Landscape Online Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.3097/LO.201228

E. Szerencsits

引用次数: 14

Biorefineries: relocating biomass refineries to the rural area. 生物精炼厂:将生物质精炼厂迁往农村地区。

Landscape Online Pub Date : 2012-07-12 DOI: 10.3097/LO.201227

F. Papendiek, H. Ende, U. Steinhardt, H. Wiggering

{"title":"Biorefineries: relocating biomass refineries to the rural area.","authors":"F. Papendiek, H. Ende, U. Steinhardt, H. Wiggering","doi":"10.3097/LO.201227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.201227","url":null,"abstract":"T field for application of biomass is rising. The demand for food and feeding stuff rises while at the same time energy, chemicals and other materials also need to be produced from biomass because of decreasing fossil resources. However, the biorefinery ideas and concepts can help to use the limited renewable raw materials more efficiently than today. With biorefineries, valuable products, such as platform chemicals, can be produced from agricultural feedstock, which can subsequently be further processed into a variety of substances by the chemical industry. Due to the role they play as producers of biomass, rural areas will grow in importance in the decades to come. Parts of the biorefinery process can be relocated to the rural areas to bring a high added value to these regions. By refining biomass at the place of production, new economic opportunities may arise for agriculturists, and the industry gets high-grade pre-products. Additionally, an on-farm refining can increase the quality of the products because of the instant processing. To reduce competition with the food production and to find new possibilities of utilisation for these habitats, the focus for new agricultural biomass should be on grasslands. But also croplands can provide more renewable raw materials without endangering a sustainable agriculture, e.g. by implementing legumes in the crop rotation. To decide if a region can provide adequate amounts of raw material for a biorefinery, new raw material assessment procedures have to be developed. In doing so, involvement of farmers is inevitable to generate a reliable study of the biomass refinery potentials.","PeriodicalId":38803,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Online","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69300468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Recent Glacier Recession – a New Source of Postglacial Treeline and Climate History in the Swedish Scandes 近期冰川衰退——瑞典斯堪的纳维亚冰川后树木线和气候历史的新来源

Landscape Online Pub Date : 2011-12-07 DOI: 10.3097/LO.201126

Lisa Öberg, L. Kullman

引用次数: 27

Landscape metrics as a tool for evaluating scenarios for flood prevention and nature conservation 景观指标作为评估防洪和自然保育方案的工具

Landscape Online Pub Date : 2011-05-24 DOI: 10.3097/LO.201125

S. Bianchin, Elke Richert, H. Heilmeier, M. Merta, C. Seidler

{"title":"Landscape metrics as a tool for evaluating scenarios for flood prevention and nature conservation","authors":"S. Bianchin, Elke Richert, H. Heilmeier, M. Merta, C. Seidler","doi":"10.3097/LO.201125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.201125","url":null,"abstract":"Within the framework of the project „Flood Prevention and Nature Conservation in the Weisseritz area“ („HochNatur“), a method including landscape metrics was developed and applied to assess and to compare different land use scenarios with regard to flood prevention and nature conservation. For the analysis, two sub-catchments strongly differing in land use within the Weisseritz catchment (Eastern Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany) were selected. The first step of the evaluation procedure was a biotope assessment using three assessment criteria (naturalness, substitutability, rareness / endangerment). However, the biotope assessment did not yield any information about spatial distribution or the structural composition of the landscape. Therefore, landscape metrics were applied to analyse the structural and biotope type diversity at the landscape scale. Different landscape metrics (Shannon/Weaver diversity index, mean patch size index, Interdispersion/Juxtaposition index) and a weighting system were used to compare the different land use scenarios and the current state. The analysed catchment areas differ substantially in terms of their current state and potential measures regarding flood prevention and nature conservation depending on the location and distribution of biotope types. It was demonstrated that this method can be used for small catchment areas regardless of their land use for assessing, analysing and comparing different land use scenarios for a specific area.","PeriodicalId":38803,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Online","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69300393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

The third and fourth dimensions of landscape: Towards conceptual models of topographically complex landscapes 景观的第三和第四个维度:走向地形复杂景观的概念模型

Landscape Online Pub Date : 2010-11-18 DOI: 10.3097/LO.201022

L. Drăguţ, U. Walz, T. Blaschke

{"title":"The third and fourth dimensions of landscape: Towards conceptual models of topographically complex landscapes","authors":"L. Drăguţ, U. Walz, T. Blaschke","doi":"10.3097/LO.201022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.201022","url":null,"abstract":"Relating spatial patterns to ecological processes is one of the central goals of landscape ecology. The patch-corridor-matrix model and landscape metrics have been the predominant approach to describe the spatial arrangement of discrete elements (“patches”) for the last two decades. However, the widely used approach of using landscape metrics for characterizing categorical map patterns is connected with a number of problems. We aim at stimulating further developments in the field of the analysis of spatio-temporal landscape patterns by providing both a critical review of existing techniques and clarifying their pros and cons as well as demonstrating how to extent common approaches in landscape ecology (e.g. the patch-corridor-matrix model). The extension into the third dimension means adding information on the relief and height of vegetation, while the fourth dimension means the temporal, dynamic aspect of landscapes. The contribution is structured around three main topics: the third dimension of landscapes, the fourth dimension of landscapes, and spatial and temporal scales in landscape analysis. Based on the results of a symposium on this theme at the IALE conference in 2009 in Salzburg and a literature review we emphasize the need to add topographic information into evaluations of landscape structure, the appropriate consideration of scales; and to consider the ambiguity and even contradiction between landscape metrics.","PeriodicalId":38803,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Online","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69300309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Landscape functions in a changing environment. 景观在不断变化的环境中发挥作用。

Landscape Online Pub Date : 2010-11-08 DOI: 10.3097/LO.201021

J. Bolliger, F. Kienast

引用次数: 31