{"title":"Numerical Methods for Option Pricing","authors":"Bohan Jiang","doi":"10.61173/7nsbn224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61173/7nsbn224","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, financial markets have become more complex and have given rise to more research opportunities, one of which focuses on research related to the pricing of various financial instruments used in options trading. In this essay, a gradual process of reflection is used to deepen the option pricing theory. Firstly, an effective mathematical method for pricing option contracts is using the binomial tree model, a relatively straightforward way of calculating the value of an option. However, it has only two upward and downward trends and has limitations that are the most different from the actual market conditions. That is why the study will have to continue in-depth to get as close as possible to the real situation in the market. The next step is to make the model more in line with market reality by adding a possible rate of change, resulting in the Trinomial Tree Model. The model incorporates the possibility of future price increases, decreases, or stabilization (the third change). The Trinomial Tree Model follows the no-arbitrage principle and removes the assumption of a risk-free market opportunity. This paper derives a method for constraining market prices under risk-neutral conditions. This is crucial for investors seeking profitable outcomes in options trading. The main objective of this research-based paper is to develop a complete theory of option pricing in a one-step trinomial tree model.","PeriodicalId":387692,"journal":{"name":"Finance & Economics","volume":"33 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behavioral economics","authors":"Jiade Zhu","doi":"10.61173/ngh7fq54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61173/ngh7fq54","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral economics has emerged as a prominent field within economics, providing valuable insights into thedecision-making processes of individuals and the implications of their behavior on economic outcomes. This paperaims to present a comprehensive summary of key theories and concepts in behavioral economics, shedding light on thefundamental principles that underlie human decision-making.","PeriodicalId":387692,"journal":{"name":"Finance & Economics","volume":"140 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An analysis of the excessive consumption of high school students’ star-chasing fans buying star peripheral products-- a research perspective of behavioral economics","authors":"Ruxin Zhang","doi":"10.61173/9xk78e70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61173/9xk78e70","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of the Internet, the media began to become broader and more convenient. Therefore, celebrities began to enter people’s vision in more diversified ways. At the same time, teenagers start to contact the Internet earlier. They have been exposed to the Internet for a long time in high school, and coupled with the pressure brought by extra homework; they are prone to spending a lot of time and even money to achieve happiness. Therefore, studying the causes of their excessive consumption behavior is necessary. By studying this problem from the perspective of behavioral economics, we can better understand the current situation of high school students’ excessive consumption of star-chasing and list some solutions.","PeriodicalId":387692,"journal":{"name":"Finance & Economics","volume":"10 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"China Educational Resources Analysis Based on GINI Coefficients","authors":"Ya Xiao","doi":"10.61173/vjrd2z05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61173/vjrd2z05","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on the Gini coefficient to analyze the current educational status in China, and the Gini coefficient is calculated by the educational resources in different provinces. To diversify the sample, the work includes four different educational parameters: number of graduate students, number of institutions of higher learning, and number of high schools and middle schools. Based on the Chinese identity data from 2013 to 2021, this work calculates a line plot of the Gini coefficient, applying the correlation between the Lorentz curve and dynamic conditions. Concerning the different levels of education developments in China, it can draw the following conclusions: the Gini coefficient on the number of postgraduate students and institutions of higher learning is decreasing year by year, and the Gini coefficient on the number of high schools and middle schools appear an opposite trend. Regarding China’s basic national conditions, the research results show that postgraduate and institutions of higher learning education resources are more equal. Still, the trend for middle and high school is on the contrary.","PeriodicalId":387692,"journal":{"name":"Finance & Economics","volume":"13 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate financial investment’s effects on corporate innovation","authors":"Yuan Yao","doi":"10.61173/p2nav026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61173/p2nav026","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops an analytical model on the impact of corporate financialization and corporate R&D expenditure based on the micro perspective of firms, and uses data from A-share listed companies to test and assess the fixed-effect model and IV-GMM test, respectively. The findings indicate that business financialization has a considerable negative impact on company R&D investment, and that as corporate financialization levels rise, corporate.","PeriodicalId":387692,"journal":{"name":"Finance & Economics","volume":"83 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140451616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of performance appraisal methods on enterprises in the Internet era","authors":"Zixin Cai","doi":"10.61173/sbk5vm39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61173/sbk5vm39","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of performance appraisal methods on enterprises in the Internet era. Through literature review, empirical data analysis and case studies, we study the emerging performance appraisal methods in the Internet era, as well as their positive and negative impacts on enterprises. The study found that in the Internet era, factors such as data-driven performance reviews, the use of technology tools, and flexible remote work environments have had a profound impact on business performance. However, there are also some challenges and issues that companies need to overcome. This study is helpful for enterprises to better understand and cope with the changes of performance appraisal methods in the Internet era.","PeriodicalId":387692,"journal":{"name":"Finance & Economics","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Huawei and Apple: Market Strategies, Innovation, and Consumer Preferences","authors":"Huizi Liu, Yuxing Liang, Xige Zhang, Ke Liu","doi":"10.61173/kqxtm567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61173/kqxtm567","url":null,"abstract":"The mobile phone industry has witnessed exceptional development over the last few years, with strong competitors between significant gamers such as Huawei and Apple. This introduction aims to summarize the market conditions surrounding these two businesses, highlighting the research study background for this study. In addition, the approaches employed in this research, the conclusions drawn, and prospective future avenues for investigation will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":387692,"journal":{"name":"Finance & Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modern Portfolio Theory and Its Applications","authors":"Jiaye Liu","doi":"10.61173/jcmw2r53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61173/jcmw2r53","url":null,"abstract":"According to the modern portfolio theory, the monthly return data of 4 groups of portfolios (40 stocks) from November 5, 2011, to November 5, 2023, are empirically found: (1) the average monthly yield curve of stock portfolios group#1 and group#4 fluctuates significantly, while the volatility of equity portfolios group#2 and group#3 is relatively moderate. Especially after the new crown epidemic outbreak in 2020, the average monthly returns of all portfolios fluctuated sharply. (2) The expected return of NVDA is the highest among all stocks in the portfolio, and the IMB is the lowest. (3) Compared to the given portfolio returns, the #3 portfolio performs best, while the fund of group #1 performs the worst, and the remaining two portfolios perform well. In addition, if only the portfolio return and standard deviation are used as the portfolio return risk measures, the theoretical portfolio is better than the existing actual portfolio. Therefore, the return of a portfolio of securities will not exceed the yield of the benchmark portfolio at the same level of risk, which, to some extent, supports the hypothesis of the effectiveness of the securities market.","PeriodicalId":387692,"journal":{"name":"Finance & Economics","volume":"34 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Stock Pledge business of Listed Companies in China: An Empirical Analysis","authors":"Chaoqun Song","doi":"10.61173/4vkfnw12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61173/4vkfnw12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a comparative analysis of on-site and off-site pledge financing of listed company shares in China. The study aims to help shareholders and lenders reduce information asymmetry and identify transaction risks. The analysis focuses on the differences between the two models in terms of definition, transaction structure, operating process, transaction elements, lending speed, and funding sources. By comparing these aspects, the study enables the loan party to assess transaction risks before lending and allows lenders to choose the appropriate trading model based on their conditions and preferences. Ultimately, the research aims to increase the success rate of financing lending and improve the lender’s recovery of the principal and interest. Understanding the differences between on-site and off-site pledge financing can assist shareholders and lenders in making informed decisions and potentially reducing unnecessary losses.","PeriodicalId":387692,"journal":{"name":"Finance & Economics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What is Livestream Marketing, and How Did It Change the Market?","authors":"Haitong Gong","doi":"10.61173/7pab4m95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61173/7pab4m95","url":null,"abstract":"Since the Covid-19 pandemic, more industries are exponentially moving to the digital realm. Consequently, the marketing strategies of companies are also digitized, with live-streaming e-commerce being one of the most favored marketing structures, particularly in China. Throughout the live broadcast market, beauty, chat, dinner, games, and even all kinds of curiosity can become the main content of the live broadcast and be watched. Still, the e-commerce live broadcast is to sell goods for the purpose, unlike the entertainment live broadcast mode, it is commercial, and the e-commerce live broadcast content marketing is to improve the consumer stickiness through high-quality live broadcast content and interaction to increase consumer purchasing behavior. This paper will mostly discuss the changes in sales and the money put into marketing by a company affected by the appearance of live stream marketing through empirical studies and inferences from such.","PeriodicalId":387692,"journal":{"name":"Finance & Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}