{"title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis and Circadian Rhythm","authors":"Kohsuke Yoshida, A. Hashiramoto","doi":"10.3233/NIB-130052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NIB-130052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38645,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neuroimmune Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NIB-130052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome","authors":"D. Bonsall, M. Harrington","doi":"10.3233/NIB-130074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NIB-130074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38645,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neuroimmune Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NIB-130074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José M. Duhart, L. Marpegan, M. Leone, D. Golombek
{"title":"Role of astrocytes in the immune-circadian signaling","authors":"José M. Duhart, L. Marpegan, M. Leone, D. Golombek","doi":"10.3233/NIB-130058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NIB-130058","url":null,"abstract":"Fil: Duhart, Jose Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia. Laboratorio de Cronobiologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina","PeriodicalId":38645,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neuroimmune Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NIB-130058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dysregulation of the HPA Axis in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome","authors":"M. Sorenson, L. Jason","doi":"10.3233/NIB-130071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NIB-130071","url":null,"abstract":"A wide array of physiologic mechanisms has been proposed to explain the symptomatology and pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome. One consistent finding points to potential disruptions of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning concomitant with hypocortisolism. While there are divergent theories, evidence has been found for a possible lack of responsiveness on the part of the HPA axis to challenge, a pattern of glucocorticoid resistance, and disruption or dysregulation of the expected diurnal cortisol pattern among patients with CFS. Some authors offer that CFS is the result of a maladaptive stress response, one that is under the influence of genetic variance or epigenetic influences. Recent research demonstrates a lack of messenger RNA encoding for the glucocorticoid receptor, with evidence pointing toward histone deacetylases. The intent of this review is to highlight these findings supporting dysregulation of the HPA axis in CFS.","PeriodicalId":38645,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neuroimmune Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"275-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NIB-130071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Ozawa, Misa Suzuki, Serina Niikura, Mamoru Kamoshita, N. Nagai, K. Tsubota
{"title":"Neuroprotective Role of VEGF Induced in Response to Photodynamic Therapy","authors":"Y. Ozawa, Misa Suzuki, Serina Niikura, Mamoru Kamoshita, N. Nagai, K. Tsubota","doi":"10.3233/NIB-130062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NIB-130062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38645,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neuroimmune Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"161-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NIB-130062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel Role of Neuropeptide Y in the Modulation of Microglia Activity","authors":"R. Ferreira, T. Santos, L. Bernardino","doi":"10.3233/NIB-130063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NIB-130063","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia are the smallest member of the glia family but greatly responsible for vital physiological responses to brain injury and/or infection. The resulting inflammatory process includes the recruitment of microglial cells to the site of injury, the release of both toxic and trophic molecules and the clearance of invading pathogens or dead cells. The purpose of this review is to detail the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) over microglia principal activities. In addition, we also summarize the main effects of other neuropeptides, such as galanin, somatostatin, substance P, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Recently, we showed that NPY downregulates the innate immune response, by decreasing the release of interleukin-1 and nitric oxide, migration and phagocytosis by activated microglia cells. A huge body of evidence has also showed that the reduction of microglia inflammatory responses supports regenerative mechanisms aiming at the protection of susceptible neurons in several brain diseases. Therefore, the neuroprotective and immunosuppressive effects of NPY in microglia cells suggest that it can be a key therapeutic target against Central Nervous System injury or disease.","PeriodicalId":38645,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neuroimmune Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NIB-130063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Th1-Type Cytokine Named Prolactin. Facts and Hypotheses","authors":"A. Parra, Enrique Reyes-Mu","doi":"10.3233/NIB-130050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NIB-130050","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence supporting the role of PRL as a Th1-type cytokine and its potential therapeutic implications in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and preeclampsia is reviewed. In patients with HIV infection, dopaminergic adaptive mechanisms maintain PRL at a high but physiological con- centration, which stimulates CD4 + T lymphocyte proliferation and increases viral apoptosis attempting to survive. In patients with hematologic malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation complicated by chronic GVHD, the dopaminergic adaptive mechanisms tend to decrease the high normal serum PRL concentrations. On the contrary, in transplan- tations complicated by acute GVHD, donors with a Th1 cytokine profile may be prone to induce acute GVHD in their recipients, but a mild sustained rise in PRL concentrations after transplantation in these patients may reduce the severity of the disease. In patients with CHC, mild, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia is associated with increased peripheral lymphocytes and natural killer cell cytotoxicity that induces apoptosis in the infected hepatocytes. In early pregnancy, endogenous low-molecular-weight PRL (14-16 kDa) may act as a Th1-cytokine participating in the faulty trophoblastic invasion of the placenta in women with subse- quent severe preeclampsia. In conclusion, PRL may participate as an important immunoregulatory factor in the pathophysiology of HIV infection, GVHD, CHC and preeclampsia through its Th1-type cytokine-like actions.","PeriodicalId":38645,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neuroimmune Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NIB-130050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Psychological Stress on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome","authors":"T. Oka","doi":"10.3233/NIB-130077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NIB-130077","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the influence of psychological stress on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Studies have demon- strated that psychological stress is involved in the CFS onset, exacerbation, and/or relapse, while early life stress acts as a risk factor toward the development of CFS in later life. CFS patients may have disrupted stress systems, including HPA axis hypofunction and ANS alterations characterized by sympathetic overactivity and low vagal tone. Individuals with CFS respond to psychological stress differently from healthy subjects in that CFS patients show a blunted (or similar) activation of the HPA axis and SNS and attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine induction, whereas psychological stress increases cytokine levels in healthy subjects. It is not fully understood how such disrupted stress systems and differential stress responsiveness contribute to the pathophysiology of CFS. Further studies are necessary to determine whether laboratory stress can fully replicate typical daily stress and how stress responsiveness is related to psychological stress-induced exacerbation of CFS symptoms. This article also reviews the role of psychological stress in low-grade fever in CFS and the role of adaptive or maladaptive coping in the severity of CFS symptoms.","PeriodicalId":38645,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neuroimmune Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"301-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NIB-130077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Kataoka, M. Yamato, Yukiharu Miyashige, Y. Tamura, Yilong Cui
{"title":"Neuroinflammation in Animal Models of Fatigue","authors":"Y. Kataoka, M. Yamato, Yukiharu Miyashige, Y. Tamura, Yilong Cui","doi":"10.3233/NIB-130073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NIB-130073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38645,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neuroimmune Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"237-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NIB-130073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunological Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"H. Jyonouchi","doi":"10.3233/NIB-130061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/NIB-130061","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary to clinical features indicating chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation, the immune system has long been suspected to have a role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Studies of postmortem autistic brains indicate the presence of immune mediated chronic inflammation in some but not all autistic brains. However, studies of immune abnormalities in ASD children yielded no conclusive results. Instead, immune abnormalities reported appear to affect almost all aspects of the immune system and are often contradictory. This may be associated with the marked heterogeneity of ASD subjects, since ASD is a behaviorally defined syndrome. In addition, variable co-morbid conditions could affect the immune-parameters, making such analysis very difficult. Alternatively, various immune abnormalities reported may be associated with the fact that ASD is a polygenic condition affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors, resulting in similar behavioral symptoms. At present, it is unknown how the immune system contributes to the onset and progress of ASD. Nevertheless, the results of previous studies indicate the presence of chronic inflammation, in at least a portion of ASD children. This review summarizes previous immunological findings and the problems associated with these studies. The direction that future research needs to take will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":38645,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Neuroimmune Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"141-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/NIB-130061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70144776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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