Human Geographies最新文献

{"title":"Grassroots solidarity structures in Greece as counterhegemonic practices contesting the dominant neoliberal hegemony","authors":"Maria Pentaraki, J. Speake","doi":"10.5719/hgeo.2022.161.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2022.161.1","url":null,"abstract":"In crisis conditions, solidarity structures emerge as a social and political response to the crisis. This study introduces a new conceptualisation of solidarity structures as grassroots contestations to the neoliberal ‘there-is-no-alternative’ (TINA) discourse. It argues that their operation reflects counterhegemonic practices that can keep alive the hope that another world, based on principles of solidarity, is possible. Moreover, this paper, utilising Gramsci’s work, argues that welfare grassroots community solidarity structures (WGCSS) challenge hegemonic assumptions surrounding the TINA discourse, such as responsibilisation and individual failings, by reflecting arguments for collective provisioning, empowerment and community action, and systemic failings. The arguments made in this paper draw on rapid ethnographic activist research in Chania, Crete, Greece.","PeriodicalId":38507,"journal":{"name":"Human Geographies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80058324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agritourism and local products in terms of protection and sustainable development of the Carpathians: a participatory discussion on key issues and challenges","authors":"Magdalena Kubal-Czerwi, ska, T. Mitrofanenko, Ágnes Szabó-Diószeghy, M. Szabó, K. Szpara, Bernadetta Zawili","doi":"10.5719/hgeo.2022.161.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2022.161.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the development of agritourism and the popularisation of local products as activities that can support the traditional economic functions of the Carpathians (i.e. especially agriculture). The protection of these functions is conducive to combining the preservation of the biodiversity, landscape values, and cultural heritage of the Carpathians with these areas’ social and economic development, fulfilling the objectives of the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians. Using a method of participatory discussion (i.e. the World Café), the key challenges of agritourism development and preservation of local products in the Carpathians were identified. Special attention was paid to groups of issues, such as: environmental and social dimensions, agriproducts and food, the development of local products, crafts and small-scale industrial products, cooperation, branding and marketing, and key trends and foresight.","PeriodicalId":38507,"journal":{"name":"Human Geographies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87004809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of rural-urban interactions for sustainable food security in Iran","authors":"Naser Shafieisabet, Neginsadat Mirvahedi","doi":"10.5719/hgeo.2022.161.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5719/hgeo.2022.161.2","url":null,"abstract":"Cities and rural areas, as two human settlements, have long interacted with each other, and these interactions have many benefits for producing better products and food security. However, despite the importance of benefits in rural-urban interaction, identifying, improving, and investing them in rural areas of Iran has always been neglected. Therefore, in addition to identifying the benefits of interactions, this study investigates the causal relationship between them and sustainable food security in villages in the southeast Tehran province in Iran. Four hundred questionnaires were completed among farmers by simple random sampling. The findings, conducted in a descriptive-analytical and questionnairebased manner, show the positive effect of rural-urban interactions on sustainable food security. The product transport variable has the most significant impact, and agricultural services and production support have a negligible effect on sustainable food security. Villagers' access to roads (proximity to farms), suitable ways to deliver agricultural and non-agricultural products to the city, warehousing, refrigeration, and packaging services, widening roads between farms, and market access are the key factors influencing food security.","PeriodicalId":38507,"journal":{"name":"Human Geographies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80569565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Map Projections Classification","authors":"Miljenko Lapaine, Nedjeljko Frančula","doi":"10.3390/geographies2020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020019","url":null,"abstract":"Many books, textbooks and papers have been published in which the classification of map projections is based on auxiliary (developable) surfaces and projections are divided into conic, cylindrical and azimuthal projections. We argue that such a classification of map projections is unacceptable and give many reasons for that. Many authors wrote in more detail about the classification of map projections, and our intention is to give a new refined and rectified insight into the classification of map projections. Our approach can be included in map projection publications of general and thematic cartography. Doing this, misconceptions and unnecessary insistence on conceptuality instead of reality will be avoided.","PeriodicalId":38507,"journal":{"name":"Human Geographies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81260458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraint-Based Spatial Data Management for Cartographic Representation at Different Scales","authors":"Natalia Blana, L. Tsoulos","doi":"10.3390/geographies2020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020018","url":null,"abstract":"This article elaborates on map-quality evaluation and assessment as a result of the generalization of geospatial data through the development of a methodology, which incorporates a quality data model including constraints. These constraints are used to guide the generalization process and they operate as requirements in quality controls applied for the quality evaluation and assessment of the resulting cartographic data. The quality model stores the required map specifications compiled as constraints, and provides quality measures along with new techniques for the evaluation and assessment of cartographic data quality. This secures the map composition process in each and every step and for all features involved, at any map scale. The methodology developed results in the creation of a scale-dependent cartographic database that contains exclusively the features to be portrayed on the map, generalized properly according to the map scale. It will reduce cartographers’ need to review each transformation throughout the map-composition process with considerable savings in time and money and, on the other hand, it will secure the quality of the final map. The formulation of the proposed methodology amalgamates generalization theory with the authors’ research in computer-assisted cartography, taking into account the work conducted on the topic by other researchers. In this study, the quality requirements, the measures and the associated techniques together with the results of the application of the proposed methodology for area and line features are described in detail to allow others to replicate and build on the presented results.","PeriodicalId":38507,"journal":{"name":"Human Geographies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83341236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Finding a Projected Coordinate Reference System","authors":"C. Stal, L. De Sloover, J. Verbeurgt, A. De Wulf","doi":"10.3390/geographies2020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020017","url":null,"abstract":"The digital age has brought about an explosion in the growth of data, of which data with a geographical component stands out. Proper use of geographical data comes with the need for correct coordinate reference systems (CRSs). They are considered the ultimate binder for interoperability between geospatial data actors and stakeholders. Moreover, CRSs are crucial for the visual and analytical integration of geospatial data from disparate data sources. However, CRSs might be—for numerous reasons—incorrectly assigned or even missing. The result is a time-consuming study of the map, literature, and available resources to ultimately find the alleged right CRS. This study provides a summary of prevailing resources from national mapping agencies of some European countries to address the above problem. Secondly, and most importantly, is the development of an open-source Python-based software package. This software package aims to accurately estimate the best candidate CRS, given a tuple of coordinates at a priori an approximately known location. It is controlled by geocoding the known location and intersecting the resulting coordinate with the bounding box of all CRSs in the EPSG-database. An in-depth review of CRS tools by mapping authorities reveals, in particular, limitations concerning the countries’ spatial areas, in combination with often required know-how of local CRSs. To address these shortcomings, our tool is developed to enable a more generic extraction of CRSs for any given location worldwide. Testing proved successful for 30 different maps, with a grid present on the map and the CRS of the map being included in the EPSG-database.","PeriodicalId":38507,"journal":{"name":"Human Geographies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83992277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geovisualization of Hydrological Flow in Hexagonal Grid Systems","authors":"Mingke Li, H. McGrath, E. Stefanakis","doi":"10.3390/geographies2020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020016","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has extended conventional hydrological algorithms into a hexagonal grid and noted that hydrological modeling on a hexagonal mesh grid outperformed that on a rectangular grid. Among the hydrological products, flow routing grids are the base of many other hydrological simulations, such as flow accumulation, watershed delineation, and stream networks. However, most of the previous research adopted the D6 algorithm, which is analogous to the D8 algorithm over a rectangular grid, to produce flow routing. This paper explored another four methods regarding generating flow directions in a hexagonal grid, based on four algorithms of slope aspect computation. We also developed and visualized hexagonal-grid-based hydrological operations, including flow accumulation, watershed delineation, and hydrological indices computation. Experiments were carried out across multiple grid resolutions with various terrain roughness. The results showed that flow direction can vary among different approaches, and the impact of such variation can propagate to flow accumulation, watershed delineation, and hydrological indices production, which was reflected by the cell-wise comparison and visualization. This research is practical for hydrological analysis in hexagonal, hierarchical grids, such as Discrete Global Grid Systems, and the developed operations can be used in flood modeling in the real world.","PeriodicalId":38507,"journal":{"name":"Human Geographies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80203861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desertification in the Sahel Region: A Product of Climate Change or Human Activities? A Case of Desert Encroachment Monitoring in North-Eastern Nigeria Using Remote Sensing Techniques","authors":"E. S. Ibrahim, B. Ahmed, O. Arodudu, J. Abubakar, Bitrus Akila Dang, M. I. Mahmoud, H. Shaba, S. Shamaki","doi":"10.3390/geographies2020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020015","url":null,"abstract":"Desertification has become one of the most pronounced ecological disasters, affecting arid and semi-arid areas of Nigeria. This phenomenon is more pronounced in the northern region, particularly the eleven frontline states of Nigeria, sharing borders with the Niger Republic. This has been attributed to a range of natural and anthropogenic factors. Rampant felling of trees for fuelwood, unsustainable agriculture, overgrazing, coupled with unfavourable climatic conditions are among the key factors that aggravate the desertification phenomenon. This study applied geospatial analysis to explore land use/land cover changes and detect major conversions from ecologically active land covers to sand dunes. Results indicate that areas covered by sand dunes (a major indicator of desertification) have doubled over the 25 years under consideration (1990 to 2015). Even though 0.71 km2 of dunes was converted to vegetation, indicative of the success of various international, national, local and individual afforestation efforts, conversely about 10.1 km2 of vegetation were converted to sand dunes, implying around 14 times more deforestation compared to afforestation. On average, our results revealed that the sand dune in the study area is progressing at a mean annual rate of 15.2 km2 annually. The land cover conversion within the 25-year study period was from vegetated land to farmlands. Comparing the progression of a sand dune with climate records of the study area and examining the relationship between indicators of climate change and desertification suggested a mismatch between both processes, as increasing rainfall and lower temperatures observed in 1994, 2005, 2012, and 2014 did not translate into positive feedbacks for desertification in the study area. Likewise, the mean annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 2000 to 2015 shows a deviation between vegetation peaks, mean temperatures and rainfall. On average, our results reveal that the sand dune is progressing at a mean annual rate of about 15.2 km2 in the study area. Based on this study’s land cover change, trend and conversion assessment, visual reconciliation of climate records of land cover data, statistical analysis, observations from ground-truthing, as well as previous literature, it can be inferred that desertification in Nigeria is less a function of climate change, but more a product of human activities driven by poverty, population growth and failed government policies. Further projections by this study also reveal a high probability of more farmlands being converted to sand dunes by the years 2030 and 2045 if current practices prevail.","PeriodicalId":38507,"journal":{"name":"Human Geographies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82597364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Knowledge Gaps for Global Climate Justice","authors":"Z. Allam, David S. Jones, Phillip Roös","doi":"10.3390/geographies2020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020014","url":null,"abstract":"The Conference of Parties (COP) 26 highlighted the need for global-level deep decarbonization and provided financial instruments to aid climate mitigation in the global south, as well as compensation avenues for loss and damage. This narrative reiterated the urgency of addressing climate change, as well as aiding advances in green products and green solutions whilst shifting a portion of responsibility upon the global south. While this is much needed, we argue that the science rhetoric driving this initiative continues to be advantageous to the global north due to their capacity to control consumption gaps and to access human knowledge and resource extraction. If not addressed, this will reinforce a continuing unjust north/south narrative, highlighting neo-climate colonialism precepts.","PeriodicalId":38507,"journal":{"name":"Human Geographies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81102717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cellular-Automaton Model for Population-Density and Urban-Extent Dynamics at the Regional Level: The Case of Ukrainian Provinces","authors":"Mykhailo Lohachov, N. Rybnikova","doi":"10.3390/geographies2020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020013","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient modeling of population-density and urban-extent dynamics is a precondition for monitoring urban sprawl and managing the accompanying conflicts. Currently, one of the most promising approaches in this field is cellular automata—spatial models allowing one to anticipate the behavior of unit areas (e.g., evolution or degradation) in response to the influence of their neighborhood. In the present study, the possibility of modeling the population-density and urban-extent dynamics via a cellular automaton with density-specific parameters is tested. Using an adaptive genetic algorithm, three key model parameters (the evolution and degradation thresholds of a cell and its impact upon the neighbors) are optimized to ensure minimal deviation of the model predictions from actual population dynamics data for 24 Ukrainian provinces during three subsequent time windows from 2010–2019. The performance of the obtained optimized models is assessed in terms of the ability to (1) predict population-density classes and (2) discriminate between urban and rural areas. Generally, the obtained optimized models show high performance for both population-density and urban-extent dynamics (with the average Cohen’s Kappa reaching ~0.81 and ~0.91, respectively). Rare cases with poor prediction accuracy usually represent politically and economically unstable Eastern Ukrainian provinces involved in the military conflict since 2014. Statistical analysis of the obtained model parameters reveals significant differences (p < 0.001) in all of them among population-density classes, arguing for the plausibility of the selected density-specific model architecture. Upon exclusion of the above-mentioned Eastern Ukrainian provinces, all model coefficients appear rather stable (p > 0.135) through the three analyzed time windows, indicating the robustness of the model. The ability of the model to discriminate between urban and rural areas depends on the population density threshold. The best correspondence between actual and predicted urban areas emerges upon the 3000 persons/km2 population-density threshold. Further improvement of the model seems possible via extending its input beyond the population density data alone, e.g., by accounting for the existing infrastructure and/or natural boundaries—known factors stimulating or inhibiting urban sprawl.","PeriodicalId":38507,"journal":{"name":"Human Geographies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83137024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}