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David Blockley, Creativity, Problem Solving and Aesthetics in Engineering: Today’s Engineers Turning Dreams into Reality Priyan Dias, Philosophy for Engineering: Practice, Context, Ethics, Models, Failure reviewed by Carl Mitcham David Blockley，《工程中的创造力、解决问题和美学:今天的工程师将梦想变为现实》，Priyan Dias，《工程哲学:实践、背景、伦理、模型、失败》，由Carl Mitcham审阅
Prometheus (Italy) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.37.4.0397
C. Mitcham
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引用次数: 0
Juan Enriquez, Right/Wrong: How Technology Transforms Our Ethics reviewed by Leah Henrickson Juan Enriquez，《对/错:科技如何改变我们的伦理》，作者:Leah Henrickson
Prometheus (Italy) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.37.4.0409
Leah Henrickson
{"title":"Juan Enriquez, Right/Wrong: How Technology Transforms Our Ethics reviewed by Leah Henrickson","authors":"Leah Henrickson","doi":"10.13169/prometheus.37.4.0409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/prometheus.37.4.0409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38494,"journal":{"name":"Prometheus (Italy)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75426970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding value change 理解价值变化
Prometheus (Italy) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0007
I. van de Poel
{"title":"Understanding value change","authors":"I. van de Poel","doi":"10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0007","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of value change has implications for how to responsibly develop and deploy new technologies. If values can, and do, change after technologies have been developed and designed, this would seem to have major ramifications for approaches such as value-sensitive design and responsible innovation. This contribution explores descriptive as well as normative accounts of value change. It suggests three methodological principles that descriptive accounts of value change should meet. Normative accounts are relatively independent of descriptive accounts and raise the important question of whether normative or moral values themselves can also change. Through the example of the birth control pill and its (alleged) effect on sexual morality, the article illustrates what descriptive and normative accounts might look like in a concrete case. It closes with a discussion of implications for responsibly developing new technologies and draws some conclusions for more theoretical work on value change.","PeriodicalId":38494,"journal":{"name":"Prometheus (Italy)","volume":"1999 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78110096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Exploring value change 探索价值变化
Prometheus (Italy) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0025
Tristan Emile de Wildt, Vanessa Jine Schweizer
{"title":"Exploring value change","authors":"Tristan Emile de Wildt, Vanessa Jine Schweizer","doi":"10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0025","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to explore the use of cross-impact balances (CIB) to identify scenarios of value change. The possibility of value change has received little attention in the literature on value-sensitive design (VSD). Examples of value change include the emergence of new values and changes in the relative importance of values. Value change could lead to a mismatch between values embedded in technology and the way they are currently considered in society. Such a mismatch could result in a lack of acceptability of technologies, increasing social tensions and injustices. However, methods to study value change in the VSD literature are rare. CIB is a scenario tool that can study systems characterized by feedback loops that are hard to describe mathematically. This is often the case when aiming to define values and their relationships. We demonstrate the use of CIB to identify scenarios of value change using two cases: digital voice assistants and gene drive organisms. Our findings show that CIB is helpful in building scenarios of value change, even in instances where the operationalization of values is complex. CIB also helps us to understand the mechanisms of value change and evaluate when such mechanisms occur. Finally, we find that CIB is particularly useful for social learning and explanatory modelling. CIB can therefore contribute to the design of value-sensitive technologies.","PeriodicalId":38494,"journal":{"name":"Prometheus (Italy)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75851510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Value change through information exchange in human–machine interaction 人机交互中通过信息交换实现价值变化
Prometheus (Italy) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0057
O. Friedrich, Selin Gerlek, J. Seifert, Sebastian Schleidgen
{"title":"Value change through information exchange in human–machine interaction","authors":"O. Friedrich, Selin Gerlek, J. Seifert, Sebastian Schleidgen","doi":"10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0057","url":null,"abstract":"An essential component of human–machine interaction (HMI) is the information exchanged between humans and machines to achieve specific effects in the world or in the interacting machines and/or humans. However, such information exchange in HMI may also shape the beliefs, norms and values of involved humans. Thus, ultimately, it may shape not only individual values, but also societal ones. This article describes some lines of development in HMI, where significant value changes are already emerging. For this purpose, we introduce the general notion of eValuation, which serves as a starting point for elaborating three specific forms of value change, namely deValuation, reValuation and xValuation. We explain these along with examples of self-tracking practices and the use of social robots.","PeriodicalId":38494,"journal":{"name":"Prometheus (Italy)","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79617115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How research institutions can make the best of scandals – once they become unavoidable 一旦丑闻不可避免，研究机构如何充分利用它们
Prometheus (Italy) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.38.3.0282
G. Grolleau, Naoufel Mzoughi
{"title":"How research institutions can make the best of scandals – once they become unavoidable","authors":"G. Grolleau, Naoufel Mzoughi","doi":"10.13169/prometheus.38.3.0282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/prometheus.38.3.0282","url":null,"abstract":"We posit that, once scandals become unavoidable, they can be considered for transformation into opportunities for research institutions, scientific communities and science regulators to implement in-depth changes and policies they would otherwise oppose. Research institutions and scientific communities can take advantage of scandals by participating proactively in constructing their consequences. We develop four mechanisms by which scandals can be used to bring positive change in research institutions and scientific communities. These are nullifying the high-status protection of almost untouchable researchers, ‘resetting’ the system that was conducive to scandals, changing the reference point upon which the entity is judged to emphasize progress and offering a learning opportunity to involved parties.","PeriodicalId":38494,"journal":{"name":"Prometheus (Italy)","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90377293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Future value change: Identifying realistic possibilities and risks 未来价值变化:识别现实的可能性和风险
Prometheus (Italy) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0113
J. Hopster
{"title":"Future value change: Identifying realistic possibilities and risks","authors":"J. Hopster","doi":"10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0113","url":null,"abstract":"The co-shaping of technology and values is a topic of increasing interest among philosophers of technology. Part of this interest pertains to anticipating future value change, or what Danaher (2021) calls the investigation of ‘axiological futurism’. However, this investigation faces a challenge: ‘axiological possibility space’ is vast, and we currently lack a clear account of how this space should be demarcated. It stands to reason that speculations about how values might change over time should exclude farfetched possibilities and be restricted to possibilities that can be dubbed realistic. But what does this realism criterion entail? This article introduces the notion of ‘realistic possibilities’ as a key conceptual advancement to the study of axiological futurism and offers suggestions as to how realistic possibilities of future value change might be identified. Additionally, two slight modifications to the approach of axiological futurism are proposed. First, axiological futurism can benefit from a more thoroughly historicized understanding of moral change. Secondly, when employed in service of normative aims, the axiological futurist should pay specific attention to identifying realistic possibilities that come with substantial normative risks.","PeriodicalId":38494,"journal":{"name":"Prometheus (Italy)","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83015731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Twisted thinking: Technology, values and critical thinking 扭曲思维:技术、价值观和批判性思维
Prometheus (Italy) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0124
Lavinia Marin, Steffen Steinert
{"title":"Twisted thinking: Technology, values and critical thinking","authors":"Lavinia Marin, Steffen Steinert","doi":"10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/prometheus.38.1.0124","url":null,"abstract":"Technology should be aligned with our values. We make the case that attempts to align emerging technologies with our values should reflect critically on these values. Critical thinking seems like a natural starting point for the critical assessment of our values. However, extant conceptualizations of critical thinking carve out no space for the critical scrutiny of values. We will argue that we need critical thinking that focuses on values instead of taking them as unexamined starting points. In order to play a crucial role in helping to align values and technology, critical thinking needs to be modified and refocused on values. Here, we outline what value-centred critical thinking could look like.","PeriodicalId":38494,"journal":{"name":"Prometheus (Italy)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80092817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The paradox of open innovation in Slovenian firms 斯洛文尼亚公司开放式创新的悖论
Prometheus (Italy) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.38.3.0292
Daša Farčnik, Tjaša Redek, Sonja Šlander
{"title":"The paradox of open innovation in Slovenian firms","authors":"Daša Farčnik, Tjaša Redek, Sonja Šlander","doi":"10.13169/prometheus.38.3.0292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/prometheus.38.3.0292","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation and open innovation are expected to strengthen firm performance. The learning process and inbound activities are particularly important for catch-up countries and firms. The empirical evidence, though, is incomplete and provides inconclusive results. This paper studies the role of open innovation activities in a sample of Slovenian firms. Using a combination of survey data and official registry financial statements data, we investigate the differences in the role of open innovation across firms with different productivity. The results show that open innovation is more important in less productive firms. This is consistent with the theoretical ideas that stress the role of learning, capacity building and knowledge transfer. However, these firms also invest less in open innovation activities, which is a paradox in itself, introducing an important challenge for managers as well as questions for future research.","PeriodicalId":38494,"journal":{"name":"Prometheus (Italy)","volume":"658 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74748331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alex Nicholls and Rafael Ziegler (eds) Creating Economic Space for Social Innovation 亚历克斯·尼科尔斯和拉斐尔·齐格勒编:《为社会创新创造经济空间》
Prometheus (Italy) Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/prometheus.38.3.0374
J. Terstriep
{"title":"Alex Nicholls and Rafael Ziegler (eds) Creating Economic Space for Social Innovation","authors":"J. Terstriep","doi":"10.13169/prometheus.38.3.0374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13169/prometheus.38.3.0374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38494,"journal":{"name":"Prometheus (Italy)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86604967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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