International Journal of Spine Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Feasibility and Analgesic Efficacy of Thoracolumbar Dorsal Ramus Nerve Block Using Multiorifice Pain Catheters for Scoliosis Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Tara M Doherty, Ailan Zhang, Alla Spivak, Ellen Kiley, Damon DelBello, Apolonia E Abramowicz, Jeff L Xu","doi":"10.14444/8601","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 38,000 scoliosis surgery correction operations are performed annually in the United States; these operations are associated with considerable postoperative pain which can be difficult to manage. This is largely attributed to an incision spanning multiple vertebral segments with paraspinal muscle dissection and retraction to facilitate the implantation of segmental hardware and rods. Frequently utilized analgesic modalities include intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and epidural analgesia, often in combination. We sought to ascertain the feasibility and analgesic efficacy of continuous thoracolumbar dorsal ramus nerve (TDRN) block using surgically placed multiorifice catheters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent a posterior spinal fusion (PSF) were enrolled after consent was obtained. Patients were managed utilizing a standardized Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protocol including a perioperative opioid-sparing regimen. Data were collected at specified time intervals during the recovery period. These data points included pain scores using the Numeric Rating Scale. Parenteral or both oral and parenteral opioid consumption doses were also collected every 4 hours. Any significant postoperative adverse events were recorded as well.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 42 patients had surgically placed TDRN catheters, and 40 patients were included in this study. The patients all reported low to moderate pain scores with low opioid consumption postoperatively, while the TDRN catheter delivery of local anesthetic analgesics did not result in significant complications.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A regional technique utilizing TDRN catheters could be a valuable component of the postoperative pain management protocols for PSF surgery, and additional studies are warranted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study evaluated the feasibility and analgesic efficacy of TDRN catheters for postoperative pain control following multilevel PSF for idiopathic scoliosis. Continuous local anesthetic delivery through TDRN catheters is a feasible and safe technique for postoperative pain control in these patients. Selective blockade of the dorsal rami might have benefits over epidural analgesia or other regional techniques.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 3: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Targeted Systemic Therapy and Radiotherapy on Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Hani Chanbour, Jeffrey W Chen, Gabriel A Bendfeldt, Lakshmi Suryateja Gangavarapu, Matthew E LaBarge, Mahmoud Ahmed, Iyan Younus, Soren Jonzzon, Steven G Roth, Silky Chotai, Brian I Rini, Leo Y Luo, Amir M Abtahi, Byron F Stephens, Scott L Zuckerman","doi":"10.14444/8608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14444/8608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In patients undergoing spine surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we sought to: (1) describe patterns of postoperative targeted systemic therapy and radiotherapy (RT), (2) compare perioperative outcomes among those treated with targeted systemic therapy to those without, and (3) evaluate the impact of targeted systemic therapy and/or RT on overall survival (OS) and local recurrence (LR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-institution, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing spine surgery for metastatic RCC from 2010 to 2021 was undertaken. Treatment groups were RT alone, targeted systemic therapy alone, dual therapy consisting of RT and targeted systemic therapy, and neither therapy. Multivariable Cox regression controlled for age, race, sex, insurance, and preoperative targeted systemic therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine patients underwent spine surgery for RCC. Postoperatively, 4 patients (8%) received RT alone, 19 (38.8%) targeted systemic therapy alone, 12 (24.5%) dual therapy, and 13 (28.6%) neither. All groups were similar in demographics, preoperative Karnofsky Performance Score (<i>P</i> = 0.372), tumor size (<i>P</i> = 0.413), readmissions (<i>P</i> = 0.884), complications (<i>P</i> = 0.272), Karnofsky Performance Score (<i>P</i> = 0.466), and Modified McCormick Scale (<i>P</i> = 0.980) at last follow-up. Higher 1-year survival was found in dual therapy (83.3%) compared with other therapies. OS was significantly longer in patients with dual therapy compared with other therapies (log-rank; <i>P</i> = 0.010). Multivariate Cox regression (HR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02-0.31, <i>P</i> < 0.001) showed longer OS in dual therapy compared with other therapies. Seven patients (14.3%) experienced LR, and a similar time to LR was found between groups (log-rank; <i>P</i> = 0.190).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients undergoing metastatic spine surgery for RCC, postoperative dual therapy demonstrated significantly higher 1-year survival and OS compared with other therapies.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Multidisciplinary management of metastatic RCC is necessary to ensure timely implementation of targeted systemic therapy and RT to improve outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 3: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Osteoporosis on Fusion Rates and Complications Following Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Spine Pathology.","authors":"Elizabeth A Lechtholz-Zey, Mina Ayad, Brandon S Gettleman, Emily S Mills, Hannah Shelby, Andy Ton, John J S Shin, Jeffrey C Wang, Raymond J Hah, Ram K Alluri","doi":"10.14444/8568","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the elderly population grows, the increasing prevalence of osteoporosis presents a unique challenge for surgeons. Decreased bone strength and quality are associated with hardware failure and impaired bone healing, which may increase the rate of revision surgery and the development of complications. The purpose of this review is to determine the impact of osteoporosis on postoperative outcomes for patients with cervical degenerative disease or deformity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Medical Subject Headings terms involving spine surgery for cervical degenerative disease and osteoporosis were performed. This review focused on radiographic outcomes, as well as surgical and medical complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 16 studies included in the degenerative group and 9 in the deformity group. Across degenerative studies, lower bone mineral density was associated with increased rates of cage subsidence in osteoporotic patients undergoing operative treatment for cervical degenerative disease. Most studies reported varied results on the relationship between osteoporosis and other outcomes such as revision and readmission rates, costs, and perioperative complications. Our meta-analysis suggests that osteoporotic patients carry a greater risk of reduced fusion rates at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. With respect to cervical deformity correction, although individual complication rates were unchanged with osteoporosis, the collective risk of incurring any complication may be increased in patients with poor bone stock.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the literature suggests that outcomes for osteoporotic patients after cervical spine surgery are multifactorial. Osteoporosis seems to be a significant risk factor for developing cage subsidence and pseudarthrosis postoperatively, whereas reports on medical and hospital-related metrics were inconclusive. Our findings highlight the challenges of caring for osteoporotic patients and underline the need for adequately powered studies to understand how osteoporosis changes the risk index of patients undergoing cervical spine surgery.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In patients undergoing cervical spine surgery for degenerative disease, osteoporosis is a significant risk factor for long-term postoperative complications-notably cage subsidence and pseudarthrosis. Given the elective nature of these procedures, interdisciplinary collaboration between providers should be routinely implemented to enable medical optimization of patients prior to cervical spine surgery.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 1: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139433043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Upper Instrumented Vertebrae Tilt Angle vs Screw Angle in the Development of Proximal Junction Kyphosis After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Which Matters More?","authors":"Keyan Peterson, Hani Chanbour, Michael Longo, Jeffrey W Chen, Soren Jonzzon, Steven G Roth, Jacquelyn S Pennings, Amir M Abtahi, Byron F Stephens, Scott L Zuckerman","doi":"10.14444/8607","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We sought to determine which aspect of the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV)-tilt angle or screw angle-was more strongly associated with: (1) proximal junctional kyphosis/failure (PJK/F), (2) other mechanical complications and reoperations, and (3) patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-institution, retrospective cohort study was undertaken for patients undergoing adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery from 2011 to 2017. Only patients with UIV at T7 or below were included. The primary exposure variables were UIV tilt angle (the angle of the UIV inferior endplate and the horizontal) and UIV screw angle (the angle of the UIV screws and superior endplate). Multivariable logistic regression included age, body mass index, osteopenia/osteoporosis, postoperative sagittal vertical axis, postoperative pelvic-incidence lumbar lordosis mismatch, UIV tilt angle<b>,</b> and UIV screw angle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and seventeen patients underwent adult spinal deformity surgery with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. A total of 41 patients (35.0%) had PJK and 26 (22.2%) had PJF. (1) UIV tilt angle: 96 (82.1%) had lordotic UIV tilt angles, 6 (5.1%) were neutral, and 15 (12.8%) were kyphotic. (2) UIV screw angle: 38 (32.5%) had cranially directed screws, 4 (3.4%) were neutral, and 75 (64.1%) were caudally directed. Both lordotic-angled UIV endplate (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.12, and <i>P</i> = 0.020) and cranially directed screws (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.33, and <i>P</i> < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of PJK, with a more pronounced effect of UIV screw angle compared with UIV tilt angle (Wald test, 9.40 vs 4.42). Similar results were found for PJF. Neither parameter was associated with other mechanical complications, reoperations, or patient-reported outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UIV screw angle was more strongly associated with development of PJK/F compared with tilt angle. Overall, these modifiable parameters are directly under the surgeon's control and can mitigate the development of PJK/F.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Surgeons may consider selecting a UIV with a neutral or kyphotically directed UIV tilt angle when performing ASD surgery with a UIV in the lower thoracic or lumbar region, as well as use UIV screw angles that are caudally directed, for the purprose of decreasing the risk of developing PJK/F.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 3: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications of Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis in Lumbar Laminectomy With and Without Fusion.","authors":"Elizabeth R Stiles, Ashish D Chakraborty, Priscilla Varghese, Aonnicha Burapachaisri, Lindsay Kim, Yong H Kim, Themistocles Stavros Protopsaltis, Charla Fischer","doi":"10.14444/8606","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The benefit of chemoprophylaxis (CPX) agents in preventing venous thromboembolism must be weighed against potential risks. Current literature regarding the efficacy of CPX after laminectomies with or without fusion is limited, with no clear consensus to inform guidelines.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the association between CPX and surgical complications after lumbar laminectomy with and without fusion.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective study of patients at a single large academic institution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of patients who underwent lumbar laminectomies with or without lumbar fusion from 2018 to 2020 were reviewed for demographics, surgical characteristics, CPX agents, postoperative complications, epidural hematomas, and wound drainage. Patients receiving CPX (<i>n</i> = 316) were compared with patients not receiving CPX (<i>n</i> = 316) via <i>t</i> test following propensity score matching, and patients on CPX were further stratified by fusion status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CPX group had higher body mass index and American Society of Anesthesiologists grades. Rates of venous thromboembolism, epidural hematomas, infections, postoperative incision and drainage, transfusions, wound dehiscence, and reoperation were not associated with CPX. Moist dressings were more frequent, and average days of drain duration were longer with CPX. Overall postoperative complication rate and length of stay (LOS) were greater with CPX. The fusion subgroup had a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, had a lower American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, was younger, had more women, and underwent more minimally invasive laminectomies. While estimated blood loss, operative times, and LOS were significantly greater in the fusion group, there was no difference in rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CPX after lumbar laminectomies with or without fusion was not associated with increased rates of epidural hematomas, wound complications, or reoperation. Patients receiving CPX had more postoperative cardiac complications, but it is possible that surgeons were more likely to prescribe CPX for higher-risk patients. They also had higher rates of ileus and moist dressings, greater LOS, and longer length of drain duration. Patients who underwent lumbar laminectomy with fusion on CPX tended to be lower risk yet incurred greater blood loss, operative times, LOS, cardiac complications, and hematomas/seromas than patients not undergoing fusion.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This retrospective study compared surgical complications of lumbar laminectomies in patients who received chemoprophylaxis vs patients who did not. Chemoprophylaxis was not associated with increased rates of epidural hematomas, wound complications, or reoperation, but it was associated with higher rates of postoperative cardiac ","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical Note on the Role of Kambin's Triangle in the Evolution of Total Joint Replacement of the Lumbar Spine.","authors":"S Craig Humphreys, Louis J Nel, Jon E Block, Scott D Hodges","doi":"10.14444/8611","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We provide a historical and technical perspective on the evolution of Kambin's triangle as a safe working corridor for percutaneous access to the intervertebral disc to an anatomically expanded space to accommodate and facilitate open lumbar total joint replacement. The nearly 6-decade progression from intradiscal access in the intact lumbar spine to an enlarged working space following facetectomy to accommodate a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, and eventual further expansion via pedicle vertebral body osteotomy to support motion preservation with total joint replacement, represents a unique evolutionary pathway in surgical technique development. For each of these steps in evolution, we detail and provide the historical context of the corresponding surgical modifications required to expand the original anatomical boundaries of Kambin's triangle. It is postulated that the introduction of machine learning technologies coupled with innovations in robotics, materials science, and advanced imaging will further accelerate and refine the adaptation of more complex, precise, and efficacious surgical procedures to treat spinal degeneration via this working corridor.</p>","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium-Coated Polyetheretherketone Cages Vs Full Titanium Cages for Stand-Alone 1- or 2-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Franziska C S Altorfer, Christoph J Laux, Dimitri Graf, Tobias Götschi, Frederik Abel, Mazda Farshad, José M Spirig","doi":"10.14444/8610","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for the surgical treatment of cervical degenerative disease often includes an intervertebral cage, which restores disc height and lordosis while promoting fusion . Cage materials include titanium (TTN) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Controversy in material selection stems from higher fusion rates with TNN, despite a higher subsidence rate, while PEEK cages demonstrate superior preservation of interspace height. Combining the advantages of both materials, TTN-coated PEEK (TCPEEK) cages were developed, featuring a PEEK core with similar stiffness to the bone, enveloped with a TTN coat, improving osteointegration. However, the potential superiority of TCPEEK over TTN cages has not been investigated. This study aimed to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes following single- or double-level ACDF using either TTN or TCPEEK cages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included patients undergoing single- or double-level ACDF between 2017 and 2019. Clinical outcomes included the Neck Disability Index and revision surgery incidence. Radiographic parameters included cervical and segmental lordosis, C2 to C7 sagittal vertical axis, fusion, subsidence, and adjacent segment degeneration at a minimum 12-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 patients (16 TTN; 29 TCPEEK) and 58 cervical levels (21 TTN; 37 TCPEEK) were included. Both cages significantly improved Neck Disability Index scores (TTN -10.0; TCPEEK -14.1) without significant differences. Two single-level TCPEEK patients required revision surgery due to non-union. In the radiological assessments, no significant difference was found for subsidence rates (TTN 52.4%; TCPEEK 56.8%), adjacent segment degeneration, cervical and segmental lordosis, and changes in C2 to C7 sagittal vertical axis. Though not statistically significant, fusion rates trended slightly higher with TTN (90.5%) vs TCPEEK cages (86.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TTN and TCPEEK cages achieve satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes in single- or double-level ACDF. This finding suggests that the choice between them can be based on other factors, such as surgeon preference or availability, rather than specific material properties.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study found that the selection of ACDF cage material did not affect clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 3: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Management of Thoracolumbar Adjacent Segment Disease: Techniques and Outcomes in 107 Patients Undergoing Surgical Intervention.","authors":"Malek Bashti, Manav Daftari, Gregory D Brusko, Aria M Jamshidi, Eric B Singh, James V Boddu, Vignessh Kumar, Michael M H Yang, Michael Y Wang","doi":"10.14444/8599","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a known sequela of thoracolumbar instrumented fusions. Various surgical options are available to address ASD in patients with intractable symptoms who have failed conservative measures. However, the optimal treatment strategy for symptomatic ASD has not been established. We examined several clinical outcomes utilizing different surgical interventions for symptomatic ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was performed for a consecutive series of patients undergoing revision surgery for thoracolumbar ASD between October 2011 and February 2022. Patients were treated with endoscopic decompression (<i>N</i> = 17), microdiscectomy (<i>N</i> = 9), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF; <i>N</i> = 26), or open laminectomy and fusion (LF; <i>N</i> = 55). The primary outcomes compared between groups were re-operation rates and numeric pain scores for leg and back at 2 weeks, 10 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postoperation. Secondary outcomes included time to re-operation, estimated blood loss, and length of stay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 257 patients who underwent revision surgery for symptomatic ASD, 107 patients met inclusion criteria with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. The mean age of all patients was 67.90 ± 10.51 years. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in age, gender, preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists scoring, number of previously fused levels, or preoperative numeric leg and back pain scores. The re-operation rates were significantly lower in LF (12.7%) and LLIF cohorts (19.2%) compared with microdiscectomy (33%) and endoscopic decompression (52.9%; <i>P</i> = 0.005). Only LF and LLIF cohorts experienced significantly decreased pain scores at all 4 follow-up visits (2 weeks, 10 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months; <i>P</i> < 0.001 and <i>P</i> < 0.05, respectively) relative to preoperative scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Symptomatic ASD often requires treatment with revision surgery. Fusion surgeries (either stand-alone lateral interbody or posterolateral with instrumentation) were most effective and durable with respect to alleviating pain and avoiding additional revisions within the first 12 months following revision surgery.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study emphasizes the importance of risk-stratifying patients to identify the least invasive approach that treats their symptoms and reduces the risk of future surgeries.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 3: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Motion Changes in Adjacent and Noncontiguous Segments Following Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Computed Tomography-Based 3D Motion Capture Study.","authors":"Darren R Lebl, Kathleen N Meyers, Franziska C S Altorfer, Hamidreza Jahandar, Theresa J C Pazionis, Joseph Nguyen, Patrick F O'Leary, Timothy M Wright","doi":"10.14444/8605","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is known to elicit adverse biomechanical effects on immediately adjacent segments; however, its impact on the kinematics of the remaining nonadjacent cervical levels has not been understood. This study aimed to explore the biomechanical impact of ACDF on kinematics beyond the immediate fusion site. We hypothesized that compensatory motion following single-level ACDF is not predictably distributed to adjacent segments due to compensation from noncontiguous levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six fresh-frozen cervical spines (C2-T1) underwent fluoroscopic screening and sagittal and coronal reformats from computed tomography scans and were utilized to grade segmental degeneration. Each specimen was tested to 30° of flexion and extension intact and following single-level ACDF at the C5-C6 level. The motions of each vertebral body were tracked using 3-dimensional (3D) motion capture into an inverse kinematics model, facilitating correlations between the 3D reconstruction from computed tomography images and the 3D motion capture data. This model was used to calculate each level's flexion/extension range of motion (ROM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Single-level fusion at the C5-C6 level across all specimens resulted in a significant motion reduction of -6.8° (<i>P</i> = 0.002). No significant change in ROM occurred in the immediate adjacent segments C4-C5 (<i>P</i> = 0.07) or C6-C7 (<i>P</i> = 0.15). Hypermobility was observed in 2 specimens (33%) exclusively in adjacent segments. In contrast, the other 4 spines (66%) displayed hypermobility at noncontiguous segments. Hypermobility occurred in 42% (5/12) of the adjacent segments, 28% (5/18) of the noncontiguous segments, and 50% (3/6) of the cervicothoracic segments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Single-level ACDF impacts ROM beyond adjacent segments, extending to noncontiguous levels. Compensatory motion, not limited to adjacent levels, may be influenced by degenerative changes in noncontiguous segments. Surprisingly, hypermobility may not occur in adjacent segments after ACDF.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Overall, the multifaceted biomechanical effects of ACDF underscore the need for a comprehensive understanding of cervical spine dynamics beyond immediate adjacency, and it needs to be taken into consideration when planning single-level ACDF.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 4: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allogeneic Disc Progenitor Cells Safely Increase Disc Volume and Improve Pain, Disability, and Quality of Life in Patients With Lumbar Disc Degeneration-Results of an FDA-Approved Biologic Therapy Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Matthew F Gornet, Douglas P Beall, Timothy T Davis, Domagoj Coric, Michael LaBagnara, Angela Krull, Michael J DePalma, Patrick C Hsieh, Srinivas Mallempati, Francine W Schranck, Colleen Kelly, Kevin T Foley","doi":"10.14444/8609","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Progenitor cells derived from intervertebral disc tissue demonstrated immunomodulatory and regenerative properties in preclinical studies. We report the safety and efficacy results of a US Food and Drug Administration-approved clinical trial of these cells for the treatment of symptomatic degenerative disc disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty patients with symptomatic single-level lumbar degenerative disc disease (mean age 37.9 years, 60% men) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase I/Phase II study at 13 clinical sites. They were randomized to receive single intradiscal injections of either low-dose cells (<i>N</i> = 20), high-dose cells (<i>N</i> = 20), vehicle alone (<i>N</i> = 10), or placebo (<i>N</i> = 10). The primary endpoint was mean visual analog scale (VAS) pain improvement >30% at 52 weeks. Disc volume was radiologically assessed. Adverse events (AEs), regardless of whether they were related to treatment, were reported. Patients were assessed at baseline and at 4, 12, 26, 52, 78, and 104 weeks posttreatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At week 52, the high-dose group had a mean VAS percentage decrease from baseline (-62.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.0005), achieving the endpoint of back pain improvement >30%; the mean change was also significantly greater than the minimal clinically important difference of a 20-point decrease (-42.8, <i>P</i> = 0.001). This clinical improvement was maintained at week 104. The vehicle group had a smaller significant decrease in VAS (-52.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.044), while the low-dose and placebo groups showed nonsignificant improvements. Only the high-dose group had a significant change in disc volume, with mean increases of 249.0 mm³ (<i>P</i> = 0.028) at 52 weeks and 402.1 mm³ (<i>P</i> = 0.028) at 104 weeks. A minority of patients (18.3%) reported AEs that were severe. Overall, 6.7% of patients experienced serious AEs, all in the vehicle (<i>n</i> = 1) or placebo (<i>n</i> = 3) groups, none treatment related.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High-dose allogeneic disc progenitor cells produced statistically significant, clinically meaningful improvements in back pain and disc volume at 1 year following a single intradiscal injection and were safe and well tolerated. These improvements were maintained at 2 years post-injection.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 1: </strong></p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT03347708-Study to Evaluate the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Injectable Disc Cell Therapy, a Treatment for Symptomatic Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141459779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}