International Journal of Spine Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Insights From the ISASS Webinar Series on Current and Emerging Techniques in Endoscopic Spine Surgery | Part 1: Polytomous Rasch Analysis of Surgeon Endorsement of Endoscopic Discectomy/Foraminotomy, Interbody Fusion, and Importance of Patient Feedback During Surgery.","authors":"Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Paulo Sergio Terxeira de Carvalho, Alvaro Dowling, Zhen-Zhou Li, Martin Knight, Morgan P Lorio","doi":"10.14444/8672","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery hosted the first of a series of 4 webinars on endoscopic spine surgery techniques, focusing on end§oscopic discectomy, foraminotomy, instrumented endoscopic fusion, standalone lumbar interbody fusion with innovative materials, and the role of patient feedback in awake procedures. This series aims to share knowledge and discuss the complexities and clinical evidence of modern endoscopic spine surgery.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the level of surgeon endorsement for the presented endoscopic spine surgery techniques before and after the webinar, utilizing polytomous Rasch analysis, and to evaluate the potential for these insights to inform clinical guideline recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was available to 1311 potential respondents during the Zoom webinar, collecting data on surgeon endorsements using a Likert scale. The polytomous Rasch model was employed to analyze responses, considering the complexity of decisions against surgeon expertise, developing a logarithmic measurement scale, allowing objective statistical analysis of categorical variables, highlighting incongruent or out-of-order items vs congruent and in-order items, and driving improvement in clinical guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 4 topics received higher confidence ratings demonstrated by descriptive statistics, highlighting the webinar's effective role in surgeon education and in identifying ongoing trends in spine surgery. The logarithmic transformation of these data during Rasch analysis showed noticeable shifts in surgeon confidence levels postwebinar, with increased endorsement for transforaminal full-endoscopic thoracolumbar interbody fusion for hard disc herniation and standalone endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion. The Wright plot and person-item map analyses demonstrated that the webinar effectively targeted areas of initial low confidence, significantly impacting surgeons' perceptions. Disordered endorsement thresholds remained in the topics of uniportal transforaminal discectomy/foraminotomy and patient feedback during endoscopic spine surgery, indicating issues in response category discrimination or confounding factors not captured by the survey. Ongoing controversies were highlighted by the influence of confounding factors, stemming from preconceived notions and limited familiarity with high-grade evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The first in the 4-part webinar series effectively shifted professional confidence and acceptance of innovative surgical approaches among spine surgeons. Observations indicated a high level of interest in applying the endoscopic surgery platform with other advanced technologies. The polytomous Rasch analysis provided nuanced insights into ongoing trends and areas in need of further clarification.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Assessing surgeon confidence and acceptance","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"S10-S22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Takeaways From ISASS Webinar Series on Endoscopic Spine Surgery Techniques | Part 4: Advancing the Curve on Surgeons' Experience With Complex Lumbar Revision Scenarios, Grades 1 to 3 Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis, Cervical Foraminotomy, and Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.","authors":"Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Christian Morgenstern, Martin Knight, Yi Jiang, Zhang Xifeng, Paulo Sergio Terxeira de Carvalho, Morgan P Lorio","doi":"10.14444/8675","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The fourth webinar in a 4-part series hosted by the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery explored contemporary endoscopic spine surgery techniques. This session covered complex revision strategies, endoscopic management of grades 1-3 spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, cervical foraminotomy, and decompression techniques for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim was to assess surgeon endorsement of the discussed endoscopic spine surgery techniques both before and after the webinar using polytomous Rasch analysis. Additionally, the analysis sought to determine how these insights might shape clinical guideline recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Before the webinar, which was attended by 868 potential participants, a survey was distributed to collect data on the level of support for various techniques using a Likert scale. The polytomous Rasch model analyzed these responses by evaluating decision complexity relative to surgeon expertise. This approach helped develop a logarithmic scale to objectively analyze categorical responses, distinguish between congruent and incongruent items, and contribute to the enhancement of clinical guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 868 surgeons, 263 accessed, 150 started, and 118 completed the prewebinar survey, with a completion rate of 78.7%. The participants were mainly orthopedic surgeons (59.3%) and neurosurgeons (34.7%) but also included residents (2.5%), fellows (1.7%), and interventional radiologists (1.7%). In the postwebinar phase, 298 participants accessed the survey, 169 started it, and 128 completed it, achieving a 75.7% completion rate. The demographics of postwebinar participants closely mirrored the initial group: 66.4% orthopedic surgeons, 23.4% neurosurgeons, 3.6% residents, 2.9% fellows, 0.7% medical students, and 2.9% interventional radiologists. The Rasch analysis confirmed high surgeon confidence for the posterior cervical foraminotomy and endoscopic treatment of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis grades 1 to 3 and posterior endoscopic decompression for CSM. Both pre- and postwebinar responses showed a good fit to the Rasch model for these endoscopic techniques, indicating minimal bias, supported by differential item functioning analysis. The application of the endoscopic surgery platform for procedures such as lumbar revision surgery for adjacent segment disease or failed interbody fusion cages and posterior decompression of CSM saw little shift in endorsement, as evidenced both in descriptive and the logarithmically transformed Rasch statistics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This webinar highlighted the evolving consensus on best practices in endoscopic spine surgery, displaying wide acceptance of endoscopic debridement of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, cervical foraminotomy for herniated disc and bony stenosis, and posterior endoscopic decompression for CSM.</p><p><stron","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"S54-S65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Commentary: Rasch Analysis and High-Value Spinal Endoscopy.","authors":"Zoher Ghogawala","doi":"10.14444/8684","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"S8-S9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Articles and Accompanying Editorials on Rasch Analysis of High-Value Endoscopic Surgeries-A Message From the ISASS Co-President.","authors":"Morgan P Lorio","doi":"10.14444/8683","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"S89-S90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights on High-Value Procedures From the ISASS 4-Part Webinar Series on Current and Emerging Techniques in Endoscopic Spine Surgery Based on Surgeon Experience.","authors":"Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Zhen-Zhou Li, Xinyu Liu, Zhang Xifeng, Brian Kwon, Álvaro Dowling, Martin Knight, Paulo Sergio Terxeira de Carvalho, Choll Kim, Gregory W Basil, Gabriel Oswaldo Alonso Cuéllar, Christian Morgenstern, John Ongulade, Yi Jiang, Kenyu Ito, João Paulo Bergamaschi, Jin-Sung L Kim, Jorge F Ramirez, Joachim Oertel, John C Elfar, Abduljabbar Alhammoud, Nicholas A Bonazza, Benedikt W Burkhardt, Rossano Kepler Alvim Fiorelli, Sergio Luis Schmidt, Morgan P Lorio","doi":"10.14444/8676","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The authors conducted a comprehensive review and integration of insights from 4 webinars hosted by the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery (ISASS) to arrive at recommendations for best clinical practices for guideline development for endoscopic spine surgery. This perspective article discusses the limitations of traditional surgical trials and amalgamates surgeons' experience and research on various cutting-edge techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from surveys conducted during each webinar session involving 3639 surgeons globally. The polytomous Rasch model was employed to analyze responses, ensuring a robust statistical assessment of surgeon endorsements and educational impacts and focusing on operative nuances and experience-based outcomes. Bias detection was performed using the differential item functioning test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ISASS webinars provided a dynamic platform for discussing advances in endoscopic spine surgery, identifying a range of high-value procedures from basic discectomies to complex lumbar interbody fusions. Each high-value endoscopic spine surgery was highlighted in separate peer-reviewed publications, which form the basis for this summary document that synthesizes key takeaways from these webinars. High-value clinical applications of endoscopic spine surgery, primarily defined as higher-intensity endorsement transformation from the pre- to postwebinar survey with a shift to higher mean logit locations of test items both with unbiased and orderly threshold progression, were: (a) Percutaneous interlaminar endoscopic decompression for lateral canal stenosis, (b) transforaminal debridement of low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis, (c) transforaminal full-endoscopic interbody fusion for hard disc herniation, (d) endoscopic standalone lumbar interbody fusion, (e) endoscopic debridement of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, and (f) posterior cervical foraminotomy for herniated disc and bony stenosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ISASS webinar series has significantly impacted surgeons' education and contributed to the identification of high-value endoscopic spine surgery practices that may serve as a cornerstone for surgeon training standards, policy, and guidelines development. Ongoing research on technological advancements and expansions of clinical indications combined with systematic review is expected to refine the recommendations on high-value endoscopic spinal surgeries recommended for enhanced reimbursement.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Assessing surgeon confidence and acceptance of endoscopic spinal surgeries using polytomous Rasch analysis.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2 (inferential) and 3 (observational) evidence because Rasch analysis provides statistical validation of instruments rather than direct clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"S66-S82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Embracing Rasch Analysis for Enhanced Spine Surgery Outcomes-The Outsider's Viewpoint.","authors":"Igor Elman","doi":"10.14444/8671","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8671","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"S3-S7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights From ISASS Webinar Series on Current and Emerging Techniques in Endoscopic Spine Surgery | Part 3: A Polytomous Rasch Analysis on Surgeons' Endorsement of Multiportal Access, Treatment of Lumbar Facet Cyst, Grade I Spondylolisthesis, and Interbody Fusion.","authors":"Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Choll Kim, Brian Kwon, John Ongulade, Kenyu Ito, Paulo Sergio Terxeira de Carvalho, Morgan P Lorio","doi":"10.14444/8674","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8674","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery hosted the third in a series of webinars focused on innovative endoscopic spine surgery techniques. This session aimed to discuss and evaluate advanced treatments for lumbar spinal stenosis and related conditions utilizing multiportal endoscopic approaches; articulating instruments; unilateral biportal endoscopy; transforaminal techniques for facet cysts, herniated disc, and spinal stenosis; as well as percutaneous endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (PELIF).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To analyze the level of surgeon endorsement for the presented endoscopic spine surgery techniques before and after the webinar, utilizing polytomous Rasch analysis, and to evaluate the potential for these insights to inform clinical guideline recommendations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;An online survey was administered to 868 surgeons during a sponsored webinar hosted by the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. The survey used Likert-scale ratings to evaluate 5 main topics and additional surgical experiences and was distributed before and after the webinar. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Polytomous Rasch analysis to evaluate shifts in acceptance and perception.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the 793 surgeons who attended the webinar, 229 accessed the prewebinar survey, 154 began it, and 119 completed it, yielding a completion rate of 77.3%. The respondents included 52.9% orthopedic surgeons, 37.0% neurosurgeons, 1.7% fellows, 0.8% residents, and 0.8% medical students. In the postwebinar phase, engagement remained high, with 298 accessing the survey, 169 starting it, and 128 completing it, resulting in a 75.7% completion rate. The postwebinar participant demographics closely resembled the initial distribution, consisting of 53.1% orthopedic surgeons, 35.9% neurosurgeons, 6.2% residents, 3.1% fellows, and 1.6% medical students. The confidence in various endoscopic techniques saw notable changes, particularly for procedures involving transforaminal lateral canal decompression for stenosis, herniated disc, and low-grade spondylolisthesis. Unilateral biportal endoscopy facet joint decompression and PELIF saw an increase in high-level endorsements after the webinar. Polytomous Rasch analysis provided insights into procedural techniques. The study showed consensus on the effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic decompression of low-grade spondylolisthesis, reflecting evolving surgeon preferences and consensus on best practices. Infit and outfit statistics from the Rasch analysis suggested a good fit between the survey responses and the Rasch model both before and after the webinar, indicating minimal data distortion due to bias except for transforaminal decompression for posterolateral and central herniated nucleus pulposus. Differential item functioning analysis showed no significant bias in item responses b","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"S38-S53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editors' Introduction: High-Value Endoscopic Techniques: Integrating Surgeon Skill and Experience in Spine Surgery With Rasch Analysis.","authors":"Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Morgan P Lorio","doi":"10.14444/8670","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"S1-S2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Takeaways From the ISASS Webinar Series on Current and Emerging Techniques in Endoscopic Spine Surgery | Part 2: Polytomous Rasch Analysis of Learning Curve and Surgeon Endorsement of Biportal, Interlaminar, and Transforaminal Endoscopic Stenosis Decompression, Discectomy, and Laminectomy in Combination With Interspinous Process Spacers.","authors":"Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Gregory W Basil, Brian Kwon, Xinyu Liu, Gabriel Oswaldo Alonso Cuéllar, Paulo Sergio Terxeira de Carvalho, Morgan P Lorio","doi":"10.14444/8673","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8673","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery hosted the second of a series of 4 webinars on endoscopic spine surgery techniques. The second webinar focused on the application of unilateral biportal endoscopy for discectomy and laminectomy in combination with interbody fusion and interspinous process spacers. This series was intended to identify current trends with contemporary modern endoscopic spine surgery techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To analyze the level of surgeon endorsement for the presented endoscopic spine surgery techniques before and after the webinar utilizing polytomous Rasch analysis, as well as to evaluate the potential for these insights to inform clinical guideline recommendations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A survey was available to 667 potential respondents during the Zoom webinar, collecting data on surgeon endorsements using a Likert scale. The polytomous Rasch model was employed to analyze responses while considering the complexity of decisions against surgeon expertise, developing a logarithmic measurement scale, allowing objective statistical analysis of categorical variables, highlighting incongruent or out of order items vs congruent and in order items, and driving improvement in clinical guidelines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of the 667 surgeons who participated in the webinar, 224 accessed, 122 started, and 61 completed the prewebinar survey, achieving a 50.0% completion rate. Respondents comprised primarily orthopedic surgeons (70.5%) and neurosurgeons (24.6%), with fellows and medical students each making up 1.6%. These surgeons estimated that mastering the learning curve of endoscopic spine surgery required an average of 18.08 cases corroborated by postwebinar responses averaging 15.78 cases. Descriptive statistics revealed an acknowledgment of a learning curve in mastering endoscopic spine surgery, with a slight increase in recognition postwebinar (81.8% up from 80.3%). The data underscored the importance of cadaver courses and high-volume surgical practice before the webinar and highlighted the value of mentorship afterward, indicating a preference shift toward more interactive learning. The confidence in various endoscopic techniques saw notable changes, particularly for procedures involving interlaminar lateral canal decompression and the combined use of transforaminal endoscopic decompression with interspinous process spacers, which saw an increase in high-level endorsements postwebinar. Polytomous Rasch analysis provided insights into training methods and procedural techniques, with mentorship and cadaver courses emerging as key elements for mastering the learning curve. The analysis also highlighted a general consensus on the effectiveness of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar decompression for lateral canal stenosis, reflecting evolving surgeon preferences and consensus on best practices. Infit and outfit statistics from the Rasch ","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"S23-S37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Hierarchy of Evidence.","authors":"Mauricio G Pereira","doi":"10.14444/8677","DOIUrl":"10.14444/8677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38486,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"S83-S84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11616421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}