Information (Switzerland)最新文献_第5页

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for Audio-Visual Speech Recognition in Artificial Intelligence IoT 人工智能物联网中用于视听语音识别的生成对抗网络(GANs

Information (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.3390/info14100575

Yibo He, Kah Phooi Seng, Li Minn Ang

{"title":"Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for Audio-Visual Speech Recognition in Artificial Intelligence IoT","authors":"Yibo He, Kah Phooi Seng, Li Minn Ang","doi":"10.3390/info14100575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100575","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel multimodal generative adversarial network AVSR (multimodal AVSR GAN) architecture, to improve both the energy efficiency and the AVSR classification accuracy of artificial intelligence Internet of things (IoT) applications. The audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) modality is a classical multimodal modality, which is commonly used in IoT and embedded systems. Examples of suitable IoT applications include in-cabin speech recognition systems for driving systems, AVSR in augmented reality environments, and interactive applications such as virtual aquariums. The application of multimodal sensor data for IoT applications requires efficient information processing, to meet the hardware constraints of IoT devices. The proposed multimodal AVSR GAN architecture is composed of a discriminator and a generator, each of which is a two-stream network, corresponding to the audio stream information and the visual stream information, respectively. To validate this approach, we used augmented data from well-known datasets (LRS2-Lip Reading Sentences 2 and LRS3) in the training process, and testing was performed using the original data. The research and experimental results showed that the proposed multimodal AVSR GAN architecture improved the AVSR classification accuracy. Furthermore, in this study, we discuss the domain of GANs and provide a concise summary of the proposed GANs.","PeriodicalId":38479,"journal":{"name":"Information (Switzerland)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135729614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Use of Kullback–Leibler Divergence for Kernel Selection and Interpretation in Variational Autoencoders for Feature Creation 在变分自编码器特征创建中利用Kullback-Leibler散度进行核选择和解释

Information (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/info14100571

Fábio Mendonça, Sheikh Shanawaz Mostafa, Fernando Morgado-Dias, Antonio G. Ravelo-García

{"title":"On the Use of Kullback–Leibler Divergence for Kernel Selection and Interpretation in Variational Autoencoders for Feature Creation","authors":"Fábio Mendonça, Sheikh Shanawaz Mostafa, Fernando Morgado-Dias, Antonio G. Ravelo-García","doi":"10.3390/info14100571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100571","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a novel approach for kernel selection based on Kullback–Leibler divergence in variational autoencoders using features generated by the convolutional encoder. The proposed methodology focuses on identifying the most relevant subset of latent variables to reduce the model’s parameters. Each latent variable is sampled from the distribution associated with a single kernel of the last encoder’s convolutional layer, resulting in an individual distribution for each kernel. Relevant features are selected from the sampled latent variables to perform kernel selection, which filters out uninformative features and, consequently, unnecessary kernels. Both the proposed filter method and the sequential feature selection (standard wrapper method) were examined for feature selection. Particularly, the filter method evaluates the Kullback–Leibler divergence between all kernels’ distributions and hypothesizes that similar kernels can be discarded as they do not convey relevant information. This hypothesis was confirmed through the experiments performed on four standard datasets, where it was observed that the number of kernels can be reduced without meaningfully affecting the performance. This analysis was based on the accuracy of the model when the selected kernels fed a probabilistic classifier and the feature-based similarity index to appraise the quality of the reconstructed images when the variational autoencoder only uses the selected kernels. Therefore, the proposed methodology guides the reduction of the number of parameters of the model, making it suitable for developing applications for resource-constrained devices.","PeriodicalId":38479,"journal":{"name":"Information (Switzerland)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135888870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DAEM: A Data- and Application-Aware Error Analysis Methodology for Approximate Adders 近似加法器的数据和应用感知误差分析方法

Information (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/info14100570

Muhammad Abdullah Hanif, Rehan Hafiz, Muhammad Shafique

{"title":"DAEM: A Data- and Application-Aware Error Analysis Methodology for Approximate Adders","authors":"Muhammad Abdullah Hanif, Rehan Hafiz, Muhammad Shafique","doi":"10.3390/info14100570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100570","url":null,"abstract":"Approximate adders are some of the fundamental arithmetic operators that are being employed in error-resilient applications, to achieve performance/energy/area gains. This improvement usually comes at the cost of some accuracy and, therefore, requires prior error analysis, to select an approximate adder variant that provides acceptable accuracy. Most of the state-of-the-art error analysis techniques for approximate adders assume input bits and operands to be independent of one another, while some also assume the operands to be uniformly distributed. In this paper, we analyze the impact of these assumptions on the accuracy of error estimation techniques, and we highlight the need to address these assumptions, to achieve better and more realistic quality estimates. Based on our analysis, we propose DAEM, a data- and application-aware error analysis methodology for approximate adders. Unlike existing error analysis models, we neither assume the adder operands to be uniformly distributed nor assume them to be independent. Specifically, we use 2D joint input probability mass functions (PMFs), populated using sample data, in order to incorporate the data and application knowledge in the analysis. These 2D joint input PMFs, along with 2D error maps of approximate adders, are used to estimate the error PMF of an adder network. The error PMF is then utilized to compute different error measures, such as the mean squared error (MSE) and mean error distance (MED). We evaluate the proposed error analysis methodology on audio and video processing applications, and we demonstrate that our methodology provides error estimates having a better correlation with the simulation results, as compared to the state-of-the-art techniques.","PeriodicalId":38479,"journal":{"name":"Information (Switzerland)","volume":"34 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135994561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An AI-Based Framework for Translating American Sign Language to English and Vice Versa 基于人工智能的美英手语翻译框架

Information (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.3390/info14100569

Vijayendra D. Avina, Md Amiruzzaman, Stefanie Amiruzzaman, Linh B. Ngo, M. Ali Akber Dewan

引用次数: 0

Investigating the Relationship of User Acceptance to the Characteristics and Performance of an Educational Software in Byzantine Music 用户接受度与拜占庭音乐教育软件特性和性能的关系研究

Information (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.3390/info14100568

Konstantinos-Hercules Kokkinidis, Georgios Patronas, Sotirios K. Goudos, Theodoros Maikantis, Nikolaos Nikolaidis

{"title":"Investigating the Relationship of User Acceptance to the Characteristics and Performance of an Educational Software in Byzantine Music","authors":"Konstantinos-Hercules Kokkinidis, Georgios Patronas, Sotirios K. Goudos, Theodoros Maikantis, Nikolaos Nikolaidis","doi":"10.3390/info14100568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100568","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of educational software characteristics on software performance through the mediating role of user acceptance. Our approach allows for a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of educational software by bridging the fields of educational technology, psychology, and human–computer interaction, offering a holistic perspective on software adoption and performance. This study is based on a sample collected from public and private education institutes in Northern Greece and on data obtained from 236 users. The statistical method employed is structural equation models (SEMs), via SPSS—AMOS estimation. The findings of this study suggest that user acceptance and performance appraisal are exceptionally interrelated in regard to educational applications. The study argues that user acceptance is positively related to the performance of educational software and constitutes the nested epicenter mediating construct in the educational software characteristics. Additional findings, such as computer-familiar users and users from the field of choral music, are positively related to the performance of the educational software. Our conclusions help in understanding the psychological and behavioral aspects of technology adoption in the educational setting. Findings are discussed in terms of their practical usefulness in education and further research.","PeriodicalId":38479,"journal":{"name":"Information (Switzerland)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automated Assessment of Comprehension Strategies from Self-Explanations Using LLMs 基于llm的自我解释理解策略的自动评估

Information (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/info14100567

Bogdan Nicula, Mihai Dascalu, Tracy Arner, Renu Balyan, Danielle S. McNamara

引用次数: 0

Multi-Beam Radar Communication Integrated System Design 多波束雷达通信集成系统设计

Information (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/info14100566

Hao Ma, Jun Wang, Xin Sun, Wenxin Jin

引用次数: 0

New Suptech Tool of the Predictive Generation for Insurance Companies—The Case of the European Market 保险公司预测一代的新技术工具——以欧洲市场为例

Information (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/info14100565

Timotej Jagrič, Daniel Zdolšek, Robert Horvat, Iztok Kolar, Niko Erker, Jernej Merhar, Vita Jagrič

{"title":"New Suptech Tool of the Predictive Generation for Insurance Companies—The Case of the European Market","authors":"Timotej Jagrič, Daniel Zdolšek, Robert Horvat, Iztok Kolar, Niko Erker, Jernej Merhar, Vita Jagrič","doi":"10.3390/info14100565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100565","url":null,"abstract":"Financial innovation, green investments, or climate change are changing insurers’ business ecosystems, impacting their business behaviour and financial vulnerability. Supervisors and other stakeholders are interested in identifying the path toward deterioration in the insurance company’s financial health as early as possible. Suptech tools enable them to discover more and to intervene in a timely manner. We propose an artificial intelligence approach using Kohonen’s self-organizing maps. The dataset used for development and testing included yearly financial statements with 4058 observations for European composite insurance companies from 2012 to 2021. In a novel manner, the model investigates the behaviour of insurers, looking for similarities. The model forms a map. For the obtained groupings of companies from different geographical origins, a common characteristic was discovered regarding their future financial deterioration. A threshold defined using the solvency capital requirement (SCR) ratio being below 130% for the next year is applied to the map. On the test sample, the model correctly identified on average 86% of problematic companies and 79% of unproblematic companies. Changing the SCR ratio level enables differentiation into multiple map sections. The model does not rely on traditional methods, or the use of the SCR ratio as a dependent variable but looks for similarities in the actual insurer’s financial behaviour. The proposed approach offers grounds for a Suptech tool of predictive generation to support early detection of the possible future financial distress of an insurance company.","PeriodicalId":38479,"journal":{"name":"Information (Switzerland)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135766153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural Network Applications in Polygraph Scoring—A Scoping Review 神经网络在测谎计分中的应用

Information (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/info14100564

Dana Rad, Nicolae Paraschiv, Csaba Kiss

引用次数: 0

Exploring Effective Approaches to the Risk Management Framework (RMF) in the Republic of Korea: A Study 探索韩国风险管理框架(RMF)的有效方法:研究

Information (Switzerland) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/info14100561

Giseok Jeong, Kookjin Kim, Sukjoon Yoon, Dongkyoo Shin, Jiwon Kang

{"title":"Exploring Effective Approaches to the Risk Management Framework (RMF) in the Republic of Korea: A Study","authors":"Giseok Jeong, Kookjin Kim, Sukjoon Yoon, Dongkyoo Shin, Jiwon Kang","doi":"10.3390/info14100561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/info14100561","url":null,"abstract":"As the world undergoes rapid digitalization, individuals and objects are becoming more extensively connected through the advancement of Internet networks. This phenomenon has been observed in governmental and military domains as well, accompanied by a rise in cyber threats consequently. The United States (U.S.), in response to this, has been strongly urging its allies to adhere to the RMF standard to bolster the security of primary defense systems. An agreement has been signed between the Republic of Korea and the U.S. to collaboratively operate major defense systems and cooperate on cyber threats. However, the methodologies and tools required for RMF implementation have not yet been fully provided to several allied countries, including the Republic of Korea, causing difficulties in its implementation. In this study, the U.S. RMF process was applied to a specific system of the Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense, and the outcomes were analyzed. Emphasis was placed on the initial two stages of the RMF: ‘system categorization’ and ‘security control selection’, presenting actual application cases. Additionally, a detailed description of the methodology used by the Republic of Korea Ministry of National Defense for RMF implementation in defense systems is provided, introducing a keyword-based overlay application methodology. An introduction to the K-RMF Baseline, Overlay, and Tailoring Tool is also given. The methodologies and tools presented are expected to serve as valuable references for ally countries, including the U.S., in effectively implementing the RMF. It is anticipated that the results of this research will contribute to enhancing cyber security and threat management among allies.","PeriodicalId":38479,"journal":{"name":"Information (Switzerland)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0