The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948最新文献

The Lower Danube and Romanian Nation-Making 多瑙河下游与罗马尼亚建国

The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948 Pub Date : 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.1163/9789004425965_010

C. Ardeleanu

{"title":"The Lower Danube and Romanian Nation-Making","authors":"C. Ardeleanu","doi":"10.1163/9789004425965_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004425965_010","url":null,"abstract":"On 17 September 1883, Friedrich Martens, an Estonian-born diplomat and law professor, better known as the editor of a large collection of Russian diplomatic documents and as an active supporter of international arbitration and conciliation, sent a letter to Alphonse Rivier, the Swiss scholar who at the time served as secretary general of the Institute of International Law (IIL). The organisation had been founded a decade earlier in Ghent (Belgium) by several dozen legal scholars who aimed ‘to contribute to the progress of international law and become the legal conscience of the civilised world’.1 Martens’ missive, published in the Institute’s journal, Revue de droit international et de législation comparée, was an appeal for the IIL to get involved, according to its status, in settling the juridical principles ‘upon which the international regulation of navigable rivers accessible to all nations should be based’. Such a normative work would render ‘a great service both to the practice and to the science of international law’, given the ‘exceptional importance’ that the navigation of international rivers enjoyed at the time.2 Martens bolstered his intellectual endeavour with references to the deviations from the legal principles proclaimed in 1815 as part of the ‘public law","PeriodicalId":384515,"journal":{"name":"The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125970859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Quest for Authority and Autonomy 对权威和自主的追求

The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948 Pub Date : 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.1163/9789004425965_005

C. Ardeleanu

引用次数: 0

Europolis – from a Piratical Republic to a Collective Colony 欧洲城邦——从海盗共和国到集体殖民地

The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948 Pub Date : 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.1163/9789004425965_011

C. Ardeleanu

{"title":"Europolis – from a Piratical Republic to a Collective Colony","authors":"C. Ardeleanu","doi":"10.1163/9789004425965_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004425965_011","url":null,"abstract":"A graduate of the Naval College in Galați, Eugeniu P. Botez (1874–1933) served as ‘maritime commissioner’ of Sulina. He was charged, on behalf of the Romanian state, between 1909 and 1913, with the attributions which were not carried out by the Captain of the Sulina Harbour appointed by the European Commission of the Danube. Botez was later promoted to the rank of commander in the Romanian navy.1 In the interwar years, he was one of the country’s leading experts in seamanship, but also enjoyed national fame as a writer: he authored several literary volumes under the pseudonym ‘Jean Bart’, a seventeenth-century French naval commander and privateer. Botez was a pioneer in Romanian literature through his interest in seafarers and maritime stories. His masterpiece is a novel called Europolis, an account of life in Sulina in the early twentieth century as Botez witnessed during his employment there. To Botez, the place was ‘a small global citadel, a cosmopolitan port-city, which, though almost unique worldwide, is extremely original and very little known’. The prospect of easy profits had attracted adventurers of all sorts who came to Sulina ‘to fish in the troubled waters of the Danube’. Sulina/Europolis","PeriodicalId":384515,"journal":{"name":"The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116740678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between Experimentalism and Anachronism – the Road to the Abolishment of the European Commission of the Danube 在实验主义与时代错误之间——废除欧盟多瑙河委员会之路

The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948 Pub Date : 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.1163/9789004425965_012

C. Ardeleanu

{"title":"Between Experimentalism and Anachronism – the Road to the Abolishment of the European Commission of the Danube","authors":"C. Ardeleanu","doi":"10.1163/9789004425965_012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004425965_012","url":null,"abstract":"Romania’s entry into the First World War in August 1916 put a stop to a long period of peace and prosperity for the Maritime Danube, along which shipping was governed by the European Commission of the Danube. With an extraordinary international legal status inscribed in the Peace Treaties of Paris (1856) and Berlin (1878) and in other documents agreed within Europe’s Concert of Powers in 1858, 1866, 1871 and 1883, the Commission had managed, as presented throughout this volume, to instil a security regime for international shipping along the Maritime Danube through its hydraulic works and rulemaking. In the early twentieth century this international organisation was the subject of much scholarly attention from the proponents of liberal internationalism. Some of them viewed the Commission as a noteworthy example of ‘successful international administration’,1 which could be replicated around the globe. The status of the Danube was thoroughly discussed at the Paris Peace Congress, where decision-makers preserved the Commission as the institutional organ that was to regulate shipping along the Maritime Danube. But the solutions reached in Paris in 1919–1921 were far from the expectations of institutional globalists and represented a step back when compared to the nineteenth-century status of the IO. This marked the beginnings of a long period in which the Commission became an object in the geopolitical realignment of the Lower Danube during the interwar period, in the Second World War and in the early post-war years.","PeriodicalId":384515,"journal":{"name":"The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131229562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conclusions 结论

The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948 Pub Date : 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.1163/9789004425965_013

C. Ardeleanu

引用次数: 0