FP essentials最新文献

FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-06-01

Anna McEvoy, Leigh Morrison, Katherine Turner, Jessica E Barnes

{"title":"Well-Child Care: Adolescents.","authors":"Anna McEvoy, Leigh Morrison, Katherine Turner, Jessica E Barnes","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents Well-child visits in adolescence (ages 13-17 years) are intended to assess growth and development, promote emotional well-being, and counsel patients and their families on safe behaviors at a time when youth are increasingly making independent choices that affect their health. All adolescents should be offered time alone with their physician for discussion of confidential health concerns, including but not limited to sexual health, mental health, substance use, and peer relationships. Minor consent laws vary by state. Adolescents who are sexually active should be provided with behavioral counseling on sexually transmitted infection prevention as well as offered screening for sexually transmitted infections. Sexually active adolescents who could become pregnant should be counseled on the range of contraceptive options, including long-acting reversible contraception. Vaccines should be offered and completed on time. Adolescents should be screened for depression and anxiety and offered treatment, including cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacotherapy. Adolescents should be counseled on getting 1 hour/day of physical activity and 8 to 12 hours/night of sleep, and setting goals for healthy media use, including having media-free times and spaces, including the bedroom.","PeriodicalId":38325,"journal":{"name":"FP essentials","volume":"553 ","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Well-Child Care: Newborns and Infants. 儿童保健：新生儿和婴儿。

FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-06-01

Katherine Turner, Jessica E Barnes, Leigh Morrison, Anna McEvoy

{"title":"Well-Child Care: Newborns and Infants.","authors":"Katherine Turner, Jessica E Barnes, Leigh Morrison, Anna McEvoy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Well-child care for newborns and infants (birth to 12 months) allows clinicians to identify any abnormalities in growth and development, administer vaccinations, and provide anticipatory guidance. History should focus on feeding, stooling, and sleeping. Trends in infant growth over time should be observed. Infants require a comprehensive physical examination to assess for normal development. Caregivers should be counseled on vaccination practices and their importance for disease prevention with adherence to standard schedules. Vaccine hesitancy should be addressed. Clinicians should review or perform routine newborn screenings for critical congenital heart disease, genetic conditions, hearing, hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. The birthing person should be screened for perinatal mood disorders through the infant's first 6 months of life. Families should be screened for social determinants of health and offered community resources to help with identified areas of need. Caregivers should be educated on infant nutrition, including breastfeeding and introduction of solid foods. Many infants may benefit from vitamin D and iron supplementation. Safety should be discussed with caregivers, including rear-facing car seats, water safety, and avoiding infant walkers. Caregivers should be counseled on normal infant sleep patterns and safe sleep.","PeriodicalId":38325,"journal":{"name":"FP essentials","volume":"553 ","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Well-Child Care: Foreword. 儿童保育：前言。

FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-06-01

Karl T Rew

引用次数: 0

Well-Child Care: School-Aged Children. 儿童保育：学龄儿童。

FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-06-01

Leigh Morrison, Anna McEvoy, Jessica E Barnes, Katherine Turner

引用次数: 0

Well-Child Care: Toddlers and Preschool-Aged Children. 儿童保育：幼儿和学龄前儿童。

FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-06-01

Jessica E Barnes, Katherine Turner, Anna McEvoy, Leigh Morrison

{"title":"Well-Child Care: Toddlers and Preschool-Aged Children.","authors":"Jessica E Barnes, Katherine Turner, Anna McEvoy, Leigh Morrison","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The well-child examination is a crucial time for health promotion and disease prevention in toddlers and preschool-aged children (ages 1-5 years). Critical components are the physical examination and developmental screening because they provide the opportunity to intervene on developmental delays. Children should be assessed for healthy growth; obesity or growth faltering should be addressed with a stepwise and interdisciplinary approach. Vaccinations are critical for disease prevention and should be administered on time. Screening for anemia, autism spectrum disorder, dental health, hypertension, lead, tuberculosis, and vision should be considered or performed, often dictated by the risk factors of the child. Physicians should provide counseling on behavioral concerns, such as temper tantrums or breath-holding spells, with guidance on planned-ignoring, time-ins or time-outs, and referrals where indicated. Physicians should provide counseling on minimizing screen time and injury prevention. Reassurance and injury prevention strategies should be provided for common sleep disorders, such as night terrors and sleepwalking. Physicians should provide counseling on bathroom training and common issues such as constipation and enuresis. Constipation should be managed via bowel disimpaction and maintenance regimens after excluding red flag features, such as weight loss, hematochezia, bilious vomiting, or inconsolable abdominal pain. First-line therapy for enuresis includes bed alarms and desmopressin.","PeriodicalId":38325,"journal":{"name":"FP essentials","volume":"553 ","pages":"16-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Male Sexual Disorders: Sexually Transmitted Infections. 男性性功能障碍：性传播感染。

FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-05-01

Roland Newman, Benjamin Silverberg, Michael Partin, Roderick Clark

引用次数: 0

Male Sexual Disorders: Infertility and Low Libido. 男性性功能障碍：不育和性欲低下。

FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-05-01

Roderick Clark, Roland Newman, Benjamin Silverberg, Michael Partin

{"title":"Male Sexual Disorders: Infertility and Low Libido.","authors":"Roderick Clark, Roland Newman, Benjamin Silverberg, Michael Partin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Infertility is defined as failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected intercourse. Infertility is presumed after 12 months when the female partner is younger than 35 years, and after 6 months when the female partner is older than 35 years. Couples attempting to conceive should be encouraged to engage in intercourse every 1 to 2 days and can track ovulation to maximize the likelihood of conception. Evaluation of male infertility should include assessment for underlying medical conditions that may affect fertility and at least one semen analysis. Approximately 25% of couples have unexplained infertility. Assisted reproductive technology can be used to achieve pregnancy, including for couples who do not have an identified cause of infertility. Low libido in men is a poorly understood phenomenon that is underdiagnosed in clinical practice. The degree of distress associated with lack of sexual desire is essential to the diagnosis. The Sexual Desire Inventory-2 can be used to initiate discussion with patients and assess libido. Clinicians should rule out factors that can contribute to low libido (eg, endocrinopathies, testosterone deficiency, mental health conditions, relationship issues) and support patients in achieving their goals regarding sexual health. Testosterone replacement therapy should be considered for men with low libido and testosterone deficiency.","PeriodicalId":38325,"journal":{"name":"FP essentials","volume":"552 ","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Male Sexual Disorders: Penile Disorders. 男性性功能障碍：阴茎障碍。

FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-05-01

Benjamin Silverberg, Michael Partin, Roderick Clark, Roland Newman

{"title":"Male Sexual Disorders: Penile Disorders.","authors":"Benjamin Silverberg, Michael Partin, Roderick Clark, Roland Newman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Erectile dysfunction can result from organic, psychogenic, or substance-induced causes. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are the mainstay of medical treatment, although other medications and interventions, such as intracavernosal injection therapy and constriction devices, can also be used. Priapism is defined as a prolonged erection of the penis continuing after or irrespective of sexual stimulation. It may result from conditions causing ischemic states or dysregulation of arterial inflow. Acute ischemic priapism is a medical emergency and can result in irreversible erectile dysfunction. Nonischemic priapism is not an emergent condition and should resolve spontaneously. Phimosis, or inability to fully retract the penile prepuce over the glans, is a congenital or acquired condition and can cause discomfort. Physiologic phimosis usually resolves by age 16 years, whereas pathologic phimosis may require circumcision for definitive treatment. Paraphimosis, an emergent condition, results from the foreskin becoming trapped proximal to the coronal sulcus. Treatment consists of manual reduction. In Peyronie disease, fibrous plaques develop in the penile shaft, subsequently causing deformity of the penis when erect. Surgical and nonsurgical treatment options, such as collagenase or intralesional injections, are available.","PeriodicalId":38325,"journal":{"name":"FP essentials","volume":"552 ","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Male Sexual Disorders: Ejaculatory Disorders. 男性性功能障碍：射精障碍。

FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-05-01

Michael Partin, Roderick Clark, Roland Newman, Benjamin Silverberg

{"title":"Male Sexual Disorders: Ejaculatory Disorders.","authors":"Michael Partin, Roderick Clark, Roland Newman, Benjamin Silverberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Disorders of ejaculation include premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and hematospermia. Lifelong premature ejaculation is defined as ejaculation always or nearly always within 1 minute of vaginal penetration that has been present since the first sexual encounter. Acquired premature ejaculation typically begins after a period of normal function, with ejaculation occurring within 3 minutes of penetration. Treatment options include medications and behavioral techniques. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants are first-line drugs. Delayed ejaculation applies to a range of issues, from delay to complete absence of ejaculation. Guidelines suggest use of an ejaculatory latency time greater than 25 to 30 minutes for diagnosis. Etiologies include psychological and organic factors, such as adverse effects of medications. Treatment focuses on causal medication discontinuation, psychological interventions, and use of off-label drug therapy. Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen enters the bladder due to an anatomic, neurogenic, or pharmacologic cause. Treatment options include sympathomimetic medications and surgical correction of anatomic abnormalities. Hematospermia, or blood in the semen, is generally benign and self-limited. However, underlying malignancy is possible and should be considered based on patient age and risk factors. Treatment ranges from reassurance to management of the underlying cause.","PeriodicalId":38325,"journal":{"name":"FP essentials","volume":"552 ","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Male Sexual Disorders: Foreword. 男性性功能障碍：前言。

FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-05-01

Kate Rowland

引用次数: 0