Open Journal of Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Agronomic and yield performances of cucumber [Cucumis sativus] on soil amended with different rates of cattle manure in derived savannah Agroecological zone of Ondo state, Nigeria","authors":"Festus Eleduma Ajayi","doi":"10.17352/ojps.000057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000057","url":null,"abstract":"Most soils have experience nutrient depletion as a result of long-term farming, making good yields only possible with the application of fertilizers. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to create a total of fifteen (15) plots in the study, which was conducted at the Rufus Giwa Polytechnic's Teaching Research and Commercial Farms in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. The study examined the impact of various rates of cattle manure on cucumber. The results revealed that the performance of cucumbers was significantly impacted by an increase in the rate of cattle manure, with 15 tha-1 of cattle manure producing the best results in terms of growth and yield (3.45 cm, 73.46 cm, 171.22 cm2, 16.83, 9.83 cm, 21.89 cm, 17.19 cm, and 5.14 kg as stem girth, vine length, leaf area, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit circumference) and the lowest from control. According to the study, applying cattle manure in the study area at a rate of 15 tha-1 considerably improves cucumber growth and yield. In order to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and eliminate the need to apply inorganic fertilizer, farmers in the research area are advised to amend their soils with 15 tha-1 cattle dung.","PeriodicalId":382664,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Plant Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133345790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of optimum planting time of different Sesame (Sesamum indicium L.) varieties for Chewaka district, Western Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Debela Chala, Dabesa Alemayehu, Birhanu Tadese, Gutu Teshome, Tekele Feyera","doi":"10.17352/ojps.000055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000055","url":null,"abstract":"Sowing date is the major problem in the production and productivity of sesame in western Oromia Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted to identify optimum sowing dates for sesame varieties to produce better seed yields. A field experiment consisting of the combination of three sesame varieties and three sowing times employed Randomized Complete Block in factorial arrangements with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated that plant height; branches number per plant and number of capsules per plant were significantly increased with sowing sesame at the onset of rainfall. All sesame varieties sown on the onset of rainfall gave the maximum seed yield in both years whereas three varieties had low yield at 10 days after the first and 20 days after the first. Among the three varieties, the Walin variety produced a maximum seed yield of 670 and 747 kg ha-1 on a farm in the first and second year respectively. The maximum yield (670 and 971 kg ha-1) was obtained from Walin and Obsa sesame varieties in the first and second years of the farm respectively. Therefore, the result indicated that sowing sesame varieties at the onset of rainfall is recommended for Chewaka areas and similar agroecology.","PeriodicalId":382664,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Plant Science","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123321571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-extension demonstration of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) varieties at midlands of Guji zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Korji Dembi, K. Basha, Bobo Tekle","doi":"10.17352/ojps.000054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000054","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, wheat is a strategic crop to solve food insecurity. However, there is a lack of improved variety which can increase surplus production. Thus, demonstration and use of improved and new variety are important for producers. This demonstration aimed to evaluate the yield performance and profitability of the Adola 1 bread wheat variety. Adola 1 and the local variety were demonstrated on 10 m x 10 m during the 2021 production year in the midland districts of the Guji zone. Farmers were trained in wheat production. Interviews and measurements were taken to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive, net income, and narrations. The result of the demonstration showed that Adola 1 variety gave a higher yield (36.41 qt/ha) than the local variety (23.21 qt/ha) in the Wadera district. The result of net income showed that Adola 1 variety gave more Net income (73266.79 ETB/ha) than the local variety (26830.71 ETB/ha). Production of the Adola 1 variety was more profitable than locally used varieties at Midland. The color of Adola 1 was preferred by farmers for market and household consumption purposes. Adola 1 was an early matured variety so it was preferred by farmers. Adola 1 was more easily threshed than the local variety in the Wadera district. Despite being affected by birds the early maturity of the Adola 1 variety was likened by experimental farmers. Farmers should use Adola 1 variety in their bread wheat production. For further promotion, the pre-scaling up of the Adola 1 variety should be conducted in the midland districts of the Guji zone.","PeriodicalId":382664,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Plant Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121273490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Root Rot Pathogens of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) and Reaction of Genotypes to the Pathogens in West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Usmael Abdela, D. Mashilla, Ayena Getachew","doi":"10.17352/ojps.000056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000056","url":null,"abstract":"Common bean root rot caused by fungal pathogens is an important disease affecting common bean crops in Ethiopia. Information on pathogen identification, characterization, and management options is lacking for the Ethiopian bean production system. This study aimed to assess the major causal fungal pathogens and their management through host resistance methods. Initially, a field survey was conducted in three districts in 2016. It was cored forty-five (45) common bean fields. In the mean time, disease samples were collected for laboratory analyses. Secondly, pathogen identification and characterization were done in Laboratory at Haramaya University, followed by a pathogenicity test. Thirdly, a genotypic reaction was done on twenty common bean varieties by using four fungal genera (F. oxysporum, S. rolfsii, M. phaseolina, and R. solani) as experimental materials that were arranged in (CRD) design with three replications. Out of forty-five (45) common bean fields assessed 33 farms exhibited the disease. In the pathogenicity test, all the isolates were found pathogenic and showed a significant (p < 0.05) difference. In addition, the analysis of variance also showed that out of the tested twenty varieties, some released varieties (Dandesu, Tinike, SER-125, Dursitu, and Chorie), Chorie and (Dursitu, Chorie, Cranscope, Argene and SAB 632) showed highly significant at (p≤ 0.001) to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Rhizoctonia solani while they didn’t exhibit any significant (p < 0.05) difference to Macrophomina phaseolina. In conclusion, those varieties showing resistance characters were recommended for growers.","PeriodicalId":382664,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Plant Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122674754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial blight of Brachiaria caused by Burkholderia glumae in Colombia","authors":"A. Elizabeth, Latorre Michael","doi":"10.17352/ojps.000052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000052","url":null,"abstract":"A new disease of Brachiaria was observed in 2009 at the CIAT experiment station in Palmira, Colombia, on plants of B. humidicola (CIAT accession no.16888). In 2016, the disease was observed on multiple genotypes of B. humidicola, Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato II, and Brachiaria hybrid Cayman. Symptoms included chlorosis along the midribs and yellowing on flag-leaf margins, followed by wilting and necrosis of foliage. Bacteria isolated from the lesions were cream-colored and produced a yellow, diffusible, non-fluorescent pigment on King´s medium B. Thirty-two bacterial strains fitting this description were pathogenic on Brachiaria spp. and were identified as Burkholderia glumae by PCR and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. Real-time PCR was the most sensitive and accurate method evaluated for identifying the pathogen. B. glumae 88b, a highly-virulent strain identified in this study, was inoculated to ten Brachiaria genotypes including B. decumbens, B. brizantha ‘Marandú, B. brizantha ‘Toledo’, B. ruziziensis, B. brizantha ‘Piata’ and Brachiaria hybrids CIAT 36061, CIAT 36062, CIAT 36087, BR02/1752, and BR02/1794. B. glumae 88b was pathogenic on nine of the Brachiaria genotypes; interestingly, CIAT 36062 was resistant to strain 88b. This knowledge of B. glumae would help to develop bacterial blight disease management.","PeriodicalId":382664,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Plant Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125751025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tryptophan and glutamic acid on morphological traits of Iranian and Afghan saffron","authors":"Mokhles Naseer, Kheiry Azizollah, Khani Mohsen Sani, Poyesh Dawlat Sha","doi":"10.17352/ojps.000053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000053","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the effect of amino acids tryptophan and glutamic acid on the morphological traits of the saffron medicinal plant, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications in 2018 in the research farm of Zanjan University. The experimental treatments include three genotypes (Iranian, Afghani 1, and Afghani 2) as the main treatment and tryptophan amino acid at two levels (1 and 2 mM) and glutamic acid at two levels (1 and 2 mM) as secondary treatments. They were considered as testify. The results showed that tryptophan and glutamic acid treatments had a significant effect (p ≤ 0.01) on most of the studied traits including the number of flowers, dry weight of flowers, and vegetative body. The highest content of the number of flowers and dry weight of flowers were observed, respectively, 34.6 and 37.36 mg of dry weight. Also, the performance characteristics of the fresh weight of the flower and the dry weight of the stigma showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) under the treatment of two amino acids. In total, different levels of tryptophan and glutamic acid can have an effective role in improving the morphological traits and production of this product. The use of 1 mM glutamic acid to produce the maximum vegetative body of the plant, the treatment of 1 and 2 mM of both amino acids to improve morphological indicators, and 1 mM of glutamic acid for the performance of secondary metabolites is desirable and recommended for the purpose.","PeriodicalId":382664,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Plant Science","volume":"511 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124466981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatic embryogenesis induction of Syzygium cumini","authors":"Mahrous Mahrous H, El-Hawiet Amr, Ragab Amany E, Hammoda Hala M, EL-Fiky Fathy K","doi":"10.17352/ojps.000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000051","url":null,"abstract":"Somatic embryogenesis serves as an effective alternative system for in vitro cultivation of endangered plants (Syzygium cumini), as it allows for the propagation of plants under a controlled environment. So produce hundreds of embryos that can be used as artificial seeds. Somatic embryos of Syzygium cumini, family Myrtaceae, were induced from the calli of a sterile leaf explant in Murashige and Skoog's medium with 6 ppm 2,4-D. After the transfer of the developed calli into liquid media supplemented with the same concentration of growth regulator, all three embryonic stages (globular, heart and torpedo) were observed after 6 weeks. Liquid media with growth regulators appeared to enhance the development to torpedo-stage embryos, especially at six weeks of age cultures. 12 weeks after the transfer of the callus into liquid media, flasks containing predominantly one microscopic stage were pooled and plated on fresh solid media lacking a growth regulator, where the embryogenic calli germinated showing shoots and aerial parts. Embryogenesis production protocol is considered a good tool to save plants from extinction, especially in Syzygium cumini which is a very important anti-diabetic drug.","PeriodicalId":382664,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Plant Science","volume":"371 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124651987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method for rapid screening of seed vigority of cereals","authors":"Taghvaei Mansour","doi":"10.17352/ojps.000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000050","url":null,"abstract":"Seed deterioration is one of the major problems in agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Seed deterioration reduces seed vigor and seedling establishment in the field. To introduce methods with sufficient sensitivity to more accurately determine the degree of grain deterioration, various methods have been developed under the conventional name of \"vigor tests\". This study aims to provide a rapid method for assessing seed vigor using the electrical conductivity test. The germination test and emergence test were performed in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included the Tritipyrom line at 13 levels and seed deterioration at two levels. Germination percentage, emergence percentage, and electrical conductivity were significantly affected by seed deterioration. The highest electrical conductivity and the lowest electrical conductivity were respectively related to the lines of (Ka/b)(cr/b)F2 and (St/b)(Cr/b)F4. Although the lines are not significantly different in terms of germination and emergence percentage. Electrolyte leakage in aged seeds increased sharply in the first hours and then had a diminishing, after which it stopped and followed the logarithmic model, But the lines were different in terms of the slope of the first part of the graph (which was exponential).with its help, we can classify the lines or variety in terms of the amount of cell leakage, which indicates the amount of cell permeability. The highest (37.03) and lowest (29.01) slopes in the exponential part of the graph were related to the numbers (Ka/b)(cr/b)F2 and(St/b)(Cr/b)F4 line respectively. Therefore, by using a simple and quick four-hour electrical conductivity test, cultivars can be classified in terms of storage potential and early vigor.","PeriodicalId":382664,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Plant Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123533603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chickpea breeding program and research in portugal","authors":"Duarte Isabel","doi":"10.17352/ojps.000049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000049","url":null,"abstract":"Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a very important crop in the world. Portugal was traditionally sown as a spring crop and so extremely affected by long periods of drought and temperature variation throughout the growth cycle. Chickpea grain yields decrease substantially due to increased air temperature and the severity of drought. To face the Mediterranean-type climate pattern, chickpea breeding programs were reoriented to develop chickpea germplasm tolerant/resistant to the main abiotic and biotic stress and adapted to different environments and production systems. This study relates chickpea yields (35 years) with rainfall average in Alentejo, a Southern Portugal region with a Mediterranean-type climate. Our approach shows that selection should apply multiple and complementary criteria. The physiological and morphological studies are important in breeding programs, to combine not only resistance to drought and temperature, and biotic stress but also high yield potential and yield stability. The main objective is to obtain new chickpea varieties for the rainfed conditions of the Mediterranean region. From this work, four chickpea varieties (Kabuli type), were registered on the National Variety Catalogue. Actually, the national chickpea genetic breeding program has already registered 11 varieties.","PeriodicalId":382664,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Plant Science","volume":"508 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123200017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Progress for Yield and Yield Components and Reaction to bean Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) of Medium Sized Food Type Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaries L.) in West Shoa Zone, in Ethiopia","authors":"Bekele Solomon, M. Firew, K. Gemechu, Amsalu Birhanu","doi":"10.17352/ojps.000048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/ojps.000048","url":null,"abstract":"Eleven common bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) varieties that were released in Ethiopia from 1998 to 2014 were evaluated as medium seeded food type common bean varieties. The objectives of this study were to: (1) estimate the genetic progress made in 16 years of common bean breeding in Ethiopia; (2) assess changes in associated traits in the genetic improvement of common bean varieties released in Ethiopia; and (3) assess the reaction of common bean varieties to bean anthracnose [Clletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Briosi & Cavara]. The study was conducted at two locations, Bako and Gute during the 2014/2015 cropping season in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Days to 50% flowering (DF), Days to 90% maturity (DM), Grain filling period (GFP), Hundred Seed weight (HSW), Biomass yield (BMY), Grain yield per plot (GY), Harvest index (HI), Biomass production rate (kg/ha/day), Seed growth rate (kg/ha/day), Grain yield per day (kg/ha/day) and Anthracnose (1-9) scale data were collected on plot basis and Plant height, Number of pods per plant, Number of seeds per pod, Number of seeds per plant and grain yield per plant data’s were collected on a plant basis. Combined analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the common bean varieties and between test environments for hundred seed weight. The variety by location (VXL) interaction showed highly significant differences in biomass yield, harvest index, days to flowering, grain filling period, and biomass production rate. Regression analysis of mean performance at both environments on year of varietal release showed positive relationship for Gran yield (r = 0.08), Seed weight (r = 0.08) and Harvest index (r = 0.4) but negative relationship for Biomass yield (r = 0.04) and anthracnose disease severity (r = 0.016). The highest mean grain yield was 3008.7 kg ha-1 for the Haramaya variety and the lowest was 1708.8 kg ha-1 for Ada, with an overall mean of 2271.1 kg ha-1. The annual rate of genetic progress was 22.3 kg ha-1 (0.31% ha-1), 0.56g 100 seeds-1 year-1, 0.006%, 0.19%, and -60 kg ha-1 year-1 for grain yield, seed weight, harvest index, anthracnose disease severity, and biomass yield respectively. Generally, grain yield was slightly increased in the period of genetic improvement. Grain yield day-1 (90%) character explained more for the variation of grain yield but, anthracnose disease severity played the major role as grain yield did not respond significantly increment by (-33%) than seed weight (-0.01%) from stepwise regression results. The yield of medium seeded food type common bean varieties was increased due to grain yield day-1 for the past sixteen years (1998-2014) of breeding. The future crucial consideration will be managing the disease, like anthracnose disease for this common bean class and finally, Haramaya (3008.7 kg ha-1), SER- 125 (2954.8 kg ha-1), and SER-119 (2653.1 kg ha-1) will be recommended for the study area.","PeriodicalId":382664,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Plant Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127466610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}