Emma De Luca, Giorgia Abate, F. Gazzillo, J. Curtis
{"title":"The Plan Formulation Method for Adolescents (PFM A): Personalizing Psychotherapy for Adolescents","authors":"Emma De Luca, Giorgia Abate, F. Gazzillo, J. Curtis","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2021.1925455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2021.1925455","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to show how the Plan Formulation Method, an empirically validated and clinically useful assessment procedure, can be adapted to the therapy of adolescents. According to Control-Mastery Theory, patients come to therapy with an unconscious plan to achieve their goals, disconfirm their pathogenic beliefs, and master their traumas. PFM is a procedure aimed at formulating the unconscious plan of a patient with high levels of reliability and it articulates this plan in five components: the goals that the patient wants to achieve, the obstructions to these goals, the traumas which have given rise to these obstructions, the way the patient will try to overcome these obstructions during the therapy (tests), and the insights that the patient needs to achieve in order to get better. To apply this method to adolescent therapy, we added two components: the vicious relational circles between adolescents and their relevant others which support the patient’s problems and that the patient wants to break, and the experience the adolescent needs in order to get better. Each component will be explained with the help of a clinical case. The possible applications of the PFM to adolescents both in clinical and research contexts will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"18 1","pages":"239 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88598870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Aro, Kirsti-Liisa Kuusinen, W. Stiles, Aarno A. Laitila
{"title":"Progress through the Early Stages of Assimilation in Play Therapy with a Traumatized Six-Year-Old Girl","authors":"T. Aro, Kirsti-Liisa Kuusinen, W. Stiles, Aarno A. Laitila","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2021.1916210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2021.1916210","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We applied the assimilation of problematic experiences sequence (APES) to a six-year-old girl’s processing of traumatic experiences involving violence and death in play therapy. We analyzed the post-session notes from the first 34 sessions of a much longer treatment, during which the girl repeatedly enacted a drama we called the cottage play, involving characters assumed by the child and characters assigned to the therapist. We distinguished four phases based on changes in play themes. In phase 1, the girl expressed her need for safety in response to an overwhelming internal threat (APES stage 0, warded off/dissociated). In phase 2, she worked to escape and avoid the threat, referenced in the play as monsters and bad memories (APES 1, unwanted thoughts/avoidance). Phase 3 was a brief period of consolidation. In phase 4, she actively faced the trauma, referenced as murderers, soldiers, and death (APES 2, awareness/emergence). Our observations underlined the child–therapist collaboration and dyadic processing. The expressions of the problematic experiences suggested increasing but limited assimilation (stages 0 to 2 out of eight stages). The assimilation model usefully described symbolic processing in play therapy, and the results pointed to tentative elaborations in APES stage descriptions.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"44 1","pages":"119 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86021652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Qualitative Sociological Research Methodologies and Psychoanalytic Thinking- Congruence, “Discongruence” and Lacunae","authors":"Jan McGregor-Hepburn, D. James","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2021.1918315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2021.1918315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Qualitive methodologies and psychoanalysis have much in common as ways to understand the meaning of human experience. However, they each have lacunae, or areas of absence, which other kinds of evidence could be used to fill. Psychoanalysis can be said to lack robust evidence. Qualitative research methods can be criticized for lacking depth and not allowing for the researcher’s impact. This paper asserts that there are additional methods of data analysis which can address these lacunae. They include patterns of silences and pauses, use of quoted speech and congruence and discongruence’ all of which can give a richer analysis of research findings.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"130 3 1","pages":"206 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91085203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mentalization-Based Interventions for Children Aged 6-12 and Their Carers: A Narrative Systematic Review","authors":"N. Midgley, Eva A. Sprecher, M. Sleed","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2021.1915654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2021.1915654","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ability to mentalize is an important developmental capacity that facilitates effective social and emotional functioning. Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT), which aims to improve mentalizing capacity, is widely used in adults and in parent-infant therapy, but adaptations of MBT for middle childhood are less well documented. A systematic search of key databases was carried out using a PICO model. Papers were included if they explicitly described a mentalization-based approach to work with children aged between 6 and 12 and/or their caregivers. Where outcomes were reported, quality was assessed. A narrative synthesis of the literature was conducted. Sixty-two publications were included, reporting on 29 unique mentalization-informed interventions for middle childhood. Although the majority were formulated as direct therapeutic work with children and their families, several MBT interventions work with whole systems, such as schools or children’s social care. Only 22 papers reported outcomes and many were of poor quality, lacking in assessment of child mentalizing or child-reported outcomes. A broad range of mentalization-based interventions are available for middle childhood, demonstrating wide-reaching applicability. Better quality research is needed to examine the evidence base for these treatments.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"20 1","pages":"169 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75602266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementing Child–Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) in Sweden: A Qualitative Study Exploring Experiences by Caregivers Taking Part of the Intervention with Their Child","authors":"Anna-Karin Norlén, A. Thorén, K. Almqvist","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2021.1925001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2021.1925001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to explore how trauma focused, dyadic, treatment for preschool children, Child – Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), was experienced by the participating caregivers. CPP has been studied in the US, but never in a Swedish context, why feasibility was an underlying question. Eleven caregivers from five different treatment agencies were interviewed according to a semi-structural interview guide. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used in sampling, data collection and analysis. The results showed four positive themes: developing as a parent by working out understanding, tools, and confidence; children’s experiences of and benefits from CPP-therapy – a caregiver perspective; play as a reflection of trauma and a pathway to communication, processing, and recovery; and the importance of the CPP-therapist: validation, support, and cooperation. A fifth theme touched upon opinions and suggestions concerning the CPP method – more talking and parental time. This theme was partly related to a sixth theme covering perceived barriers of legislation, responsibility, and violence. No need for substantial adjustments of the method were found. The findings support further dissemination of CPP. The method seems to fill a gap in trauma treatment offered to pre-school aged children.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"122 1","pages":"152 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79106468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Play Therapy for Children Inspired by Experiential Dynamic Therapy (EDT)","authors":"Ruth Derdikman Eiron","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2021.1912535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2021.1912535","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The demand for short-term therapy with a clearly defined therapy plan and operative goals, which provides deep and lasting change, is constantly increasing. This demand is especially challenging for child psychologists. While classic psychodynamic approaches to child therapy are rich in theory, they do not provide the therapist with systematic steps for conceptualization, from which detailed therapy techniques could be derived. To fill this gap, this article provides an original extension of Experiential Dynamic Therapy (EDT) well-suited for children, adolescents, and families. This method facilitates the assembly of a clear, dynamic conceptualization of the difficulties encountered by children and their families; proposes clear therapeutic tools for achieving the therapy goals derived of this conceptualization, and enables deep, stable therapeutic achievements within a relatively short time. The paper presents a case study to demonstrate these principles. This novel adaptation of the theoretical principles of EDT for child psychotherapy opens a new horizon for application of EDT in diverse types of interactions.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"27 1","pages":"136 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74979558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abigail Law, Lisa A. Thackeray, E. Morris, M. Sleed
{"title":"Capturing Parental Mentalization: A Thematic Analysis of Expert Perspectives in Elements Required for Valid Measures","authors":"Abigail Law, Lisa A. Thackeray, E. Morris, M. Sleed","doi":"10.1080/15289168.2021.1918044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2021.1918044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Parental Mentalization (PM) refers to parents’ capacity to understand internal experiences of their children. It is linked with the development of children, as deficiencies in PM can lead to adverse life outcomes. PM measures assess the quality of parental mentalizing capacities, which may then inform intervention and research. However, current measures are limited by complexity of use and sensitivity to assessing the multiple features of mentalizing. Hence, understanding the essential elements required in PM measures is needed to capture PM in ways which are ecologically valid while also being practical to administer in routine practice. This current study aimed to provide a qualitative understanding of how PM may be best captured. Specifically, it aimed to identify essential elements necessary in the development of accurate PM measures for use in clinical and research settings. The study reports data from semi-structured interviews with five leading experts in PM. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: “Capturing the breadth and depth of multiple dimensions,” “Capturing natural interactions between parent and child,” and “Parent profiling.” This study highlights the essential elements which should be considered when choosing or developing PM measures. Clinical implications and further research for measure development are discussed.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"190 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83503681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interpretation","authors":"P. Blake","doi":"10.4324/9781003156192-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003156192-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73471459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"P. Blake","doi":"10.4324/9781003156192-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003156192-18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81633366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Individual assessment","authors":"Peter A. Blake","doi":"10.4324/9781003156192-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003156192-6","url":null,"abstract":"All assessed work must be (unless explicitly specified otherwise) your own individual work. Breaches of this rule are regarded as academic misconduct and are taken very seriously by the University.","PeriodicalId":38107,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85275377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}