Landscapes (United Kingdom)最新文献

{"title":"The World of the Small Farmer: Tenure, Profit and Politics in the Early Modern Somerset Levels","authors":"P. Stamper","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1429714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"200 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59947631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Landscape Archaeology of Knettishall Heath, Suffolk and its Implications","authors":"T. Williamson, J. Bumstead, J. Frost, Lynsey Owens, S. Pease","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1429720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429720","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper briefly describes the results of archaeological fieldwork carried out in an area of heathland, currently managed as a nature reserve, in East Anglia. Although the earthworks recorded are for the most part unremarkable, they demonstrate the variety and intensity of human exploitation which shaped this ‘traditionally managed’ habitat. They also serve to emphasise the extent to which modern conservation management can radically change the long-term character of individual places.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"161 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49292439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"G. Fairclough, Sam Turner","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1429712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"101 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46953937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Nation: Landscapes of Survey and the Material Cultures of the Early Ordnance Survey in Britain and Ireland","authors":"K. Lilley","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1429717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429717","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Starting its work in 1791, the Ordnance Survey (OS) was a supranational organisation responsible for creating high quality and accurate topographic maps of the nations of Great Britain and Ireland. The detailed and rigorous field observations and geodetic operations of OS field-surveyors have left many traces in the landscape, but despite much careful and critical historical study of OS maps, and their wide use as sources in local studies and fieldwork, the material impacts and influences the OS had on British and Irish landscapes has been generally overlooked. This paper redresses this by exploring the ‘landscapes of survey’ created through the OS's trigonometrical and levelling operations for the first half of the nineteenth century. The paper first sets out how ‘excavating’ large-scale historic OS maps in digital mapping platforms provides a basis for identifying survey sites in the landscape, and how the positioning of these sites by the OS, both on the map and in the landscape, can uncover past survey practices and ‘ethnographies of cartography’ in the field. The second part of the paper focuses on the monuments used and created by surveyors to ensure a sound geodetic basis, examining OS survey sites as ‘material cultures’. Together, both parts of the paper make a case for greater recognition of the landscape legacies of the OS, a ‘survey heritage’ which has international significance in reflecting the OS's lasting contributions to scientific survey and geodesy, as well as for its role in shaping Britain and Ireland through mapping the nation.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"178 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41603250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Physical Settings of Rabbit Warrens in South-West England","authors":"D. Gould","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1429716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429716","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduced to Britain in the twelfth century, rabbits were farmed in man-made warrens for their meat and fur for several centuries. It is sometimes assumed that the locations of man-made warrens were dictated by environmental factors, typically that they were built where there was dry, warm soil as rabbits naturally prefer such habitats. This paper, using a landscape archaeological rather than documentary approach, argues that there was much freedom concerning where landowners were able to build rabbit warrens. A key factor in determining where warrens were installed, at least during the medieval period, was not the nature of the local environment, but rather a desire to fulfil social expectations. Similarly, it has been cited that warren numbers flourished during the late medieval and post-medieval periods because they were able to utilise poor-quality marginal lands. While warrens are found on marginal lands, it is equally apparent that they also made greater use of areas that could, and did, support arable farming. The use of such lands for rearing rabbits must have offered economic benefits, and within south-west England it is apparently associated with a greater tendency for pastoral farming over arable farming.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"141 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44043642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where to Go from Here: Movement and Finding the Path in the Landscape","authors":"O. Aldred","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2017.1318601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2017.1318601","url":null,"abstract":"Moving on in Neolithic Studies: Understanding Mobile Lives, edited by Jim Leary and Thomas Kador, (Neolithic Studies Group Seminar Papers 14), Oxbow Books, 2016, xii + 186 pp., £38 Pbk, maps and illustrations, ISBN: 978 1 78570 176 4 Landscapes of mobility. Culture, politics, and placemaking, edited by Arijit Sen and Jennifer Johung, Ashgate, 2013 (Routledge, 2016), xviii + 263 pp, Hbk £100/Pbk £34.99, 97 illustrations, ISBN: 978 1 4094 4281 3","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"88 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2017.1318601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45599694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forms of Dwelling: 20 Years of Taskscapes in Archaeology","authors":"G. Fairclough","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2017.1318606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2017.1318606","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"98 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2017.1318606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46194989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Later Medieval Inquisitions Post Mortem: Mapping the Medieval Countryside and Rural Society","authors":"P. Stamper","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2017.1318605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2017.1318605","url":null,"abstract":"Medievalists will know the calendars of Inquisitions Post Mortem (IPMs), the surveys by which the EnglishCrown andothers kept track of feudal rights and holdings. The systemwas operative (for the Crown) between c.1236 and the 1640s. Even in calendared form the thousands of IPMs form an almost unmanageable data set, or did until the Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded ‘Mapping the Medieval countryside – properties, places and people’ project (http://www.inquisiti onspostmortem.ac.uk/) started to make enhanced versions digitally accessible and interrogable. This multi-author volume is the proceedings of a conference held in 2014 during the main project (work continues still, see http://www.british-history.ac.uk/search/series/inquis-postmortem). It presents new thinking generated from the project, which has revived interest in a class of records principally studied before 1939. Two papers are likely to be of special interest to readers of this journal. The first, by Christopher Dyer, uses IPMs (with a substantive rider setting out their limitations, especially the more abbreviated later ones) to amplify understanding of the character of the various pays – Felden and Arden, Vale and wold – of the three west midlandcounties ofWorcestershire,Warwickshire andGloucestershire.While each regionhaddistinctive characteristics (sometimesnecessitating access todetachedparcels ofmeadoworwoodland, missing on thehomemanor or parish), inmost if not all of them landwas exhausted or falling out of cultivation in the early fourteenth century, perhaps especially that which had been more recently assarted. As is well known, settlement shrinkage and desertion followed in the following century, and in champion areas IPMs of around 1500 record places with large pastures but no tenants. Stephen Mileson’s chapter drills deeper into village life in twelve south Oxfordshire parishes straddling the clay vale and the wood-pasture of the Chiltern Hills. As in Dyer’s chapter, sources other than IPMs provide the main narrative as inhabitants’ bynames such as de Cruce (‘of the cross’) or de la Cumbe (‘of the combe’) and field names are used to suggest how physical and mental geographies were constructed by villagers, and can be reconstructed today. It is a pleasant ramble through the medieval countryside, but again suggests to me that IPMs will add detail to what we already know rather than transform perceptions. Other chapters or sections with a landscape dimension include one which adds substantially to the known list of active and especially minor markets. Another chapter mapsmills of different types noted in IPMs of 1427–37, giving a foretaste of the patterning likely to emerge once further IPMs are digitally available. Alongside these are studies of IPMs in Ireland and the Honour of Clare, parish church customs, monastic engagement in lay society, the wine trade, and what IPMs reveal of the operation of royal government in the further provinces of the country. None fun","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"97 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2017.1318605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41945879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"G. Fairclough, Sam Turner","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2017.1318602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2017.1318602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2017.1318602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46995746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fen and Sea: Medieval and Early Modern Landscape Evolution in South-East Lincolnshire Before 1700","authors":"I. Simmons","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2017.1318610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2017.1318610","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The low lands of south-east Lincolnshire are often described and interpreted as if they were a single landscape with a homogeneous history. Concentrating on the pre-industrial era this paper aims to show that there is a finer texture to both the visual landscape and the details of its evolution since Roman times. The keys to these developments are (a) reclamation from the wetlands of the sea fringes and from the freshwater fen, and (b) water management thereafter. In the course of the reclamation from the sea, new lands were created as a by-product of salt-making as well as deliberately for agricultural expansion; in this region the Fen stayed as a wetland until the nineteenth century unlike its equivalents in the Great Levels south of the Wash. Modern intensive agriculture has removed many traces of the history of land and water manipulation but a combination of documents, maps and aerial imagery allows a great deal of reconstruction, though gaps remain. Overall, the work is a reminder that de-watered terrain is prone to shrinkage and that modern efficient pumps do not remove the land from the threat of inundation; neither do any of the plans put forward by conservation-minded bodies. Abbreviations: BA: Bethlem Royal Hospital Archive; CUCAP: Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photography; LAO: Lincolnshire Archives Office; LHER: Lincolnshire Historic Environment Record; NMR: National Monuments Record; TNA: The National ArchivesA context","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"37 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2017.1318610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46122194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}