M. Bersani, D. Bianculli, S. Dustdar, Alessio Gambi, C. Ghezzi, S. Krstic
{"title":"Towards the formalization of properties of cloud-based elastic systems","authors":"M. Bersani, D. Bianculli, S. Dustdar, Alessio Gambi, C. Ghezzi, S. Krstic","doi":"10.1145/2593793.2593798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2593793.2593798","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud-based elastic systems run on a cloud infrastructure and have the capability of dynamically adjusting the allocation of their resources in response to changes in the workload, in a way that balances the trade-off between the desired quality-of-service and the operational costs. The actual elastic behavior of these systems is determined by a combination of factors, including the input workload, the logic of the elastic controller determining the type of resource adjustment, and the underlying technological platform implementing the cloud infrastructure. All these factors have to be taken into account to express the desired elastic behavior of a system, as well as to verify whether the system manifests or not such a behavior. \u0000 In this paper, we take a first step into these directions, by proposing a formalization, based on the CLTL^t(D) temporal logic, of several concepts and properties related to the behavior of cloud-based elastic systems. We also report on our preliminary evaluation of the feasibility to check the (formalized) properties on execution traces using an automated verification tool.","PeriodicalId":380234,"journal":{"name":"Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123817533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Marquezan, F. Wessling, Andreas Metzger, K. Pohl, Chris Woods, Karl Wallbom
{"title":"Towards exploiting the full adaptation potential of cloud applications","authors":"C. Marquezan, F. Wessling, Andreas Metzger, K. Pohl, Chris Woods, Karl Wallbom","doi":"10.1145/2593793.2593799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2593793.2593799","url":null,"abstract":"Current technology for cloud application adaptation fails to capture two fundamental aspect of cloud environments: multiple adaptation options and interferences and dependencies among these multiple mechanisms. Addressing these aspects requires a significant extension of existing cloud tools and frameworks for engineering and executing cloud application adaptations. They should explicitly take into account: all entities of the cloud environment relevant for adaptation decisions; the concrete adaptation actions that these cloud entities may perform; and the mutual dependencies between those entities and actions. In this paper we provide the first insights towards such novel technology. As main contribution, we systematically elicit the key entities related to adaptations inside a cloud environment and explicitly document those in a conceptual model. To build this model we surveyed the literature, discussed with industrial partners with experience in cloud computing, and analyzed commercial solutions. We also provide a case study based on Amazon Web Services solutions, to show how our conceptual model can be instantiated and help developers to identify possible cloud application adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":380234,"journal":{"name":"Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116140259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consumer-centric non-functional properties of SOA-based services","authors":"H. Becha, Daniel Amyot","doi":"10.1145/2593793.2593796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2593793.2593796","url":null,"abstract":"An effective SOA service development approach requires the identification, specification, implementation, aggregation, management and monitoring of service-related Non-Functional Properties (NFPs). However, commonly nowadays, NFPs are often not handled or are handled partially in ad hoc, proprietary ways. In this paper, we focus on providing formal NFP descriptions of SOA-based services to be published along with their functional description. Such descriptions empower service consumers to determine whether a given service is the most appropriate one for their needs and enables them to predict the NFPs of composed services based on the NFPs of their composed underlying services. Our contributions are an externally validated collection of NFPs with a concrete syntax and composition algorithms ready to be used for defining, selecting and composing NFP-driven services.","PeriodicalId":380234,"journal":{"name":"Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131188165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interaction patterns based checkpointing of choreographed web services","authors":"A. Vathsala, H. Mohanty","doi":"10.1145/2593793.2593797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2593793.2593797","url":null,"abstract":"Complex business processes can be realised by composing web services already available on the web. Choreography of web services describes how its constituent services have to interact with other to achieve business goals. In order to make a choreographed web service resilient to transient faults, we investigate in this paper the idea of applying checkpoints to web services. We do this in two steps: firstly, we identify patterns in which choreographed web services interact with each other and propose complexity metrics for these interaction patterns. Next, we propose pattern based checkpointing policy that identifies checkpointing locations in the given choreography. We also provide formal specification to the proposed patterns. We demonstrate the usability of our approach through the development of a tool that automatically inserts checkpointing locations in the given choreography specification.","PeriodicalId":380234,"journal":{"name":"Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117104635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SLA evaluation with on-the-fly measurements of distributed service implementation over clouds","authors":"K. Ravindran, Arun Adiththan, Michael Iannelli","doi":"10.1145/2593793.2593794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2593793.2593794","url":null,"abstract":"Given the business mode of offering computing services to customers in a cloud setting, a major question arises: how good are the services of a cloud provider when compared to that of other providers. The paper attempts to answer the question by describing a methodology to measure the various cloud parameters (such as VM cycles and number of VM instances) at run-time and map them onto meaningful service-level attributes. The paper provides a concrete definition of the service attributes experienced by the client application: such as availability, agility, and elasticity, in terms of the underlying cloud infrastructure parameters (i.e., VM instances and network bandwidth). Since the IaaS parameters are hard to measure directly, we resort to a measurement methodology that maps the client-visible PaaS-layer service attributes onto the underlying IaaS parameters exported by the cloud provider. Our measurement methodology satisfies the requirements of cloud testing: \"stealthiness\" and \"non-intrusiveness\", while minimizing the measurement overhead.","PeriodicalId":380234,"journal":{"name":"Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132163798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A survey on checkpointing web services","authors":"A. Vathsala, H. Mohanty","doi":"10.1145/2593793.2593795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2593793.2593795","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent and widespread use of web services, complex business processes are being built by discovering and composing services already available over the Internet. Such composite web services operate over the Internet where reliability and speed cannot be guaranteed, hence providing fault handling mechanism to composite web services is of primary importance. Several fault handling and recovery techniques have been proposed in literature in the context of web services. Backward recovery using checkpointing is a general recovery scheme that can be used to make web services resilient to faults. Checkpointing strategies proposed in distributed systems are not directly applicable to web services due to the differences in the two paradigms. Few papers have been published discussing the need and techniques for checkpointing web services. In this paper we present a survey on various distributed and web service checkpointing techniques discussing their applicability, strengths and weaknesses. We give a brief introduction to our approach of checkpointing web services which identifies checkpointing locations, without user intervention, using complexity of interactions and services offered.","PeriodicalId":380234,"journal":{"name":"Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129943374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Treiber, D. Schall, S. Dustdar, Christian Scherling
{"title":"Tweetflows: flexible workflows with twitter","authors":"M. Treiber, D. Schall, S. Dustdar, Christian Scherling","doi":"10.1145/1985394.1985395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985394.1985395","url":null,"abstract":"We present a lightweight coordination and collaboration platform, intertwining contemporary social networking platforms and SOA principles. The idea of our approach is to use Twitter as a platform for collaborations of human and software services in the context of workflows. We introduce primitives that provide SOA functionality like service discovery or service binding and illustrate how these primitives are embedded in Tweets. By using Tweets, we are able to reuse existing infrastructures and tools (e.g., twitter clients on mobile devices) for the communication between services and humans. Simultaneously, we exploit social network structures originating from Twitter follower networks in order to discover (human and software) resources that are required for the execution of a workflow. Finally, we are able to monitor the execution of workflows with Twitter, simply by following Tweets that represent the execution of a workflow.","PeriodicalId":380234,"journal":{"name":"Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129362954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SMaRT: a workbench for reporting the monitorability of services from SLAs","authors":"H. Foster, G. Spanoudakis","doi":"10.1145/1985394.1985400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985394.1985400","url":null,"abstract":"Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for Software Services aim to clearly identify the service level commitments established between service requesters and providers. A dynamic configuration for the monitoring of these SLAs provides the opportunity for service monitor providers to offer and release monitoring infrastructures for different types of services. Whilst there has been work on automating this monitor matching and configuration, additional support may be needed in the negotiation and provision of monitors for which the current monitoring infrastructure does not provide suitable SLA term monitors. In this paper we describe an approach to effectively report and assist service monitoring support groups in managing this provision. The approach described is illustrated with mechanical support in the form of a SMaRT Workbench Eclipse IDE plug-in for reporting on the monitorability of SLAs for service monitoring infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":380234,"journal":{"name":"Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122989330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards efficient measuring of web services API coverage","authors":"W. Hummer, O. Raz, S. Dustdar","doi":"10.1145/1985394.1985398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985394.1985398","url":null,"abstract":"We address the problem of interface-based test coverage for Web services. We suggest an approach to analyze the Application Programming Interface (API) of Web services, calculate the number of possible input combinations and compare it to the number of actual historical invocations. Such API coverage metrics are an indicator to which extent the service has been used. Measuring API coverage is a key concern for assessing the significance of Verification and Validation (V&V) techniques; on the other hand, API coverage metrics can also yield interesting usage reports for a service-based system in production use. The coverage metrics rely on the exact specification of service interfaces, and we provide a mechanism to specify restrictions for data types in the Java Web services framework (JAX-WS). As full enumeration of all possible inputs is often infeasible, we allow the definition of custom coverage metrics by means of domain partitioning: the user divides domain ranges into subsets, and a coverage of 100% means that the logged invocations contain at least one sample for each subset. Based on a prototype implementation, we evaluate different aspects of our approach.","PeriodicalId":380234,"journal":{"name":"Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133957085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Business process performance prediction on a tracked simulation model","authors":"Andrei Solomon, Marin Litoiu","doi":"10.1145/1985394.1985402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1985394.1985402","url":null,"abstract":"Business processes need to achieve key performance indicators with minimum resources in changing operating conditions. Changes include hardware and software failures, load variation and variations in user interaction with the system. By incorporating simulation in the prediction model it is possible to predict with more confidence system performance degradations. We present our dynamic predictive model which uses forecasting techniques on historical process performance estimates for business process optimization. The parameters of the simulation model are estimates tuned at run-time by tracking the system with a particle filter.","PeriodicalId":380234,"journal":{"name":"Principles of Engineering Service-Oriented Systems","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121623014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}