2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM)最新文献_第3页

Method Calls Frequency-Based Tie-Breaking Strategy For Software Fault Localization 基于方法调用频率的软件故障定位断线策略

2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM) Pub Date : 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.26226/morressier.613b54401459512fce6a7ce2

Q. Sarhan, Béla Vancsics, Árpád Beszédes

{"title":"Method Calls Frequency-Based Tie-Breaking Strategy For Software Fault Localization","authors":"Q. Sarhan, Béla Vancsics, Árpád Beszédes","doi":"10.26226/morressier.613b54401459512fce6a7ce2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.613b54401459512fce6a7ce2","url":null,"abstract":"In Spectrum-Based Fault Localization (SBFL), a suspiciousness score is assigned to each code element based on test coverage and test outcomes. The scores are then used to rank the code elements relative to each other in order to aid the programmer during the debugging process when seeking the source of a fault. However, probably none of the known SBFL formulae are guaranteed to produce different scores for all the program elements, hence ties emerge between the code elements. Based on our experiments, ties in SBFL are prevalent: in Defects4J, 54–56% of buggy methods are members of ties, i.e., there is at least one other method with the same score in these cases (but typically much more, on average 6), and this inevitably reduces the effectiveness of any SBFL approach. In this work, we present a technique to break ties in such cases based on the so-called method calls frequencies. This counts the number of different contexts of method calls (both as callees and as callers) in failing test cases. The intuition is that if a method appears in many different calling contexts during a failing test case, it will be more suspicious and get a higher rank position compared to other methods with the same scores. This method can be applied to any underlying SBFL formula, and can favourably break the occurring ranks in the ties in many cases. The experimental results show that our novel tie-breaking strategy achieved a significant reduction in both size and number of critical ties in our benchmark. In 72-73% of the cases, the ties were completely eliminated and the average reduction rate was more than 80%.","PeriodicalId":380117,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116871232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Do Comments follow Commenting Conventions? A Case Study in Java and Python 注释遵循注释约定吗?Java和Python的案例研究

2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM) Pub Date : 2021-08-24 DOI: 10.1109/SCAM52516.2021.00028

Pooja Rani, Suada Abukar, N. Stulova, Alexandre Bergel, Oscar Nierstrasz

{"title":"Do Comments follow Commenting Conventions? A Case Study in Java and Python","authors":"Pooja Rani, Suada Abukar, N. Stulova, Alexandre Bergel, Oscar Nierstrasz","doi":"10.1109/SCAM52516.2021.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCAM52516.2021.00028","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing code comment quality is known to be a difficult problem. A number of coding style guidelines have been created with the aim to encourage writing of informative, readable, and consistent comments. However, it is not clear from the research to date which specific aspects of comments the guidelines cover (e.g., syntax, content, structure). Furthermore, the extent to which developers follow these guidelines while writing code comments is unknown.We analyze various style guidelines in Java and Python and uncover that the majority of them address more the content aspect of the comments rather than syntax or formatting. However, when considering the different types of information developers embed in comments and the concerns they raise on various online platforms about the commenting practices, existing comment conventions are not yet specified clearly enough, nor do they adequately cover important concerns. We find that developers of both languages follow the writing style and content-related comment conventions more often than syntax and structure types of conventions. Our results highlight the mismatch between developer commenting practices and style guidelines, and provide several focal points for the design and improvement of comment quality checking tools.","PeriodicalId":380117,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM)","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124801157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Fex: Assisted Identification of Domain Features from C Programs 从C程序中辅助识别领域特征

2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM) Pub Date : 2021-08-20 DOI: 10.1109/SCAM52516.2021.00029

Patrick Müller, Krishna Narasimhan, M. Mezini

引用次数: 1

Empirical Comparison of Black-box Test Case Generation Tools for RESTful APIs RESTful api黑盒测试用例生成工具的经验比较

2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM) Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.26226/morressier.613b54401459512fce6a7ccb

Davide Corradini, Amedeo Zampieri, Michele Pasqua, M. Ceccato

{"title":"Empirical Comparison of Black-box Test Case Generation Tools for RESTful APIs","authors":"Davide Corradini, Amedeo Zampieri, Michele Pasqua, M. Ceccato","doi":"10.26226/morressier.613b54401459512fce6a7ccb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.613b54401459512fce6a7ccb","url":null,"abstract":"In literature, we can find research tools to automatically generate test cases for RESTful APIs, addressing the specificity of this particular programming domain. However, no direct comparison of these tools is available to guide developers in deciding which tool best fits their REST API project.In this paper, we present the results of an empirical comparison of automated black-box test case generation approaches for REST APIs. We surveyed the available black-box testing tools that have been proposed in recent literature, finding four usable prototypes: RestTestGen, RESTler, bBOXRT and RESTest. We used these tools to generate test cases for 14 real-world REST services. Then, testing results have been analyzed and compared in terms of robustness (i.e., success rate) and test coverage.Among the considered tools, RESTler appears to be the most solid, able to successfully test all case studies (the other tools experienced crashes). Conversely, test cases generated by RestTestGen scored the highest coverage, suggesting that its testing strategy is the most effective in testing REST APIs.","PeriodicalId":380117,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126717944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

What Do Developers Discuss about Code Comments? 开发者讨论代码注释的内容是什么?

2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM) Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1109/SCAM52516.2021.00027

Pooja Rani, Mathias Birrer, Sebastiano Panichella, Mohammad Ghafari, Oscar Nierstrasz

{"title":"What Do Developers Discuss about Code Comments?","authors":"Pooja Rani, Mathias Birrer, Sebastiano Panichella, Mohammad Ghafari, Oscar Nierstrasz","doi":"10.1109/SCAM52516.2021.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SCAM52516.2021.00027","url":null,"abstract":"Code comments are important for program comprehension, development, and maintenance tasks. Given the varying standards for code comments, and their unstructured or semi-structured nature, developers get easily confused (especially novice developers) about which convention(s) to follow, or what tools to use while writing code documentation. Thus, they post related questions on external online sources to seek better commenting practices. In this paper, we analyze code comment discussions on online sources such as Stack Overflow (SO) and Quora to shed some light on the questions developers ask about commenting practices. We apply Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify emerging topics concerning code comments. Then we manually analyze a statistically significant sample set of posts to derive a taxonomy that provides an overview of the developer questions about commenting practices.Our results highlight that on SO nearly 40% of the questions mention how to write or process comments in documentation tools and environments, and nearly 20% of the questions are about potential limitations and possibilities of documentation tools to add automatically and consistently more information in comments. On the other hand, on Quora, developer questions focus more on background information (35% of the questions) or asking opinions (16% of the questions) about code comments. We found that (i) not all aspects of comments are covered in coding style guidelines, e.g., how to add a specific type of information, (ii) developers need support in learning the syntax and format conventions to add various types of information in comments, and (iii) developers are interested in various automated strategies for comments such as detection of bad comments, or verify comment style automatically, but lack tool support to do that.","PeriodicalId":380117,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114976370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Improving Readability of Scratch Programs with Search-based Refactoring 用基于搜索的重构提高Scratch程序的可读性

2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM) Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.26226/morressier.613b54401459512fce6a7cd5

F. Adler, G. Fraser, Eva Gründinger, Nina Körber, S. Labrenz, Jonas Lerchenberger, Stephan Lukasczyk, Sebastian Schweikl

{"title":"Improving Readability of Scratch Programs with Search-based Refactoring","authors":"F. Adler, G. Fraser, Eva Gründinger, Nina Körber, S. Labrenz, Jonas Lerchenberger, Stephan Lukasczyk, Sebastian Schweikl","doi":"10.26226/morressier.613b54401459512fce6a7cd5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.613b54401459512fce6a7cd5","url":null,"abstract":"Block-based programming languages like SCRATCH have become increasingly popular as introductory languages for novices. These languages are intended to be used with a “tinkering” approach which allows learners and teachers to quickly assemble working programs and games, but this often leads to low code quality. Such code can be hard to comprehend, changing it is error-prone, and learners may struggle and lose interest. The general solution to improve code quality is to refactor the code. However, SCRATCH lacks many of the common abstraction mechanisms used when refactoring programs written in higher programming languages. In order to improve SCRATCH code, we therefore propose a set of atomic code transformations to optimise readability by (1) rewriting control structures and (2) simplifying scripts using the inherently concurrent nature of SCRATCH programs. By automating these transformations it is possible to explore the space of possible variations of SCRATCH programs. In this paper, we describe a multi-objective search-based approach that determines sequences of code transformations which improve the readability of a given SCRATCH program and therefore form refactorings. Evaluation on a random sample of 1000 SCRATCH programs demonstrates that the generated refactorings reduce complexity and entropy in 70.4% of the cases, and 354 projects are improved in at least one metric without making any other metric worse. The refactored programs can help both novices and their teachers to improve their code.","PeriodicalId":380117,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126210803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6