Revista Contabilidade e Financas最新文献

{"title":"Accounting Faculty mental health: coping strategies against stress,","authors":"E. M. Nascimento, M. C. Garcia, Edgard Cornacchione","doi":"10.1590/1808-057x202113960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113960","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study sought to investigate which coping strategies are most frequently used by accounting faculty and how they can modulate the perceived stress. The higher education academic environment is filled with events that are stressful in nature; however, little effort, especially in the area of accounting, has been employed in seeking to understand and propose guidelines that can improve well-being and pleasure in the teaching profession. A coping strategy is a behavior that protects the individual from psychological damage related to problematic social experiences; it is through these behaviors that individuals manage their day-to-day experiences, thus helping to maintain their mental health. The discussion about the use of strategies for coping with stress lacks an approach in higher education institutions (HEIs), as it indicates that various strategies are being employed ineffectively and signals that three of the statistically significant strategies belong to the dimension of those focused on dysfunctional emotions. And, more seriously, of those three strategies, two (self-reproach and denial) have further contributed to increasing the perception of stress. The Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI), composed of 26 questions with a five-point Likert scale, and the Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory), with 28 items and a four-point scale, were employed together with sociodemographic questions. An electronic questionnaire was sent to two thousand accounting faculty in Brazil. Altogether, 563 faculty members answered the questions. The analysis was conducted through association and multiple linear regression tests. It was verified that the average stress reported by the faculty members was 63% of the maximum TSI score, and the most prevalent strategies measured by the Brief COPE were planning, active coping, positive reinterpretation, use of instrumental support, self-reproach, and religion. Through linear regression estimation, it was concluded that two coping strategies (active coping and behavioral divestment) negatively moderated the faculty members’ stress, but two others (self-reproach and denial) raised their perception of stress. Moreover, it was discovered that the faculty members who were most vulnerable to stress use less adaptive coping strategies more intensely.","PeriodicalId":37984,"journal":{"name":"Revista Contabilidade e Financas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67201142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readability as a measure of textual complexity: determinants and evidence in Brazilian companies","authors":"J. A. B. D. Souza, Jose Alonso Borba","doi":"10.1590/1808-057x202114180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202114180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this article was to evaluate the effect of company earnings and of harmonization with IFRS on the readability of Management Reports in the Brazilian stock market. There is a gap to be filled both in the elaboration and adaptation of readability measures to the context studied, as the studies tend to replicate the original formulas, and in identifying the determinants of the readability of Brazilian company reports, as the research in this field remains in its infancy and the results are inconclusive. The results provide indications for investors to identify complex textual information and may help public policymakers to establish a simple writing manual, along the lines of the SEC’s 1998 Plain English Handbook. The modified metrics and the one developed overcome the criticisms regarding the use of readability formulas in accounting research and could be used in substitution of the original metrics in future studies. An econometric model was used that presents the determinants of readability. Readability was calculated for the Results Analysis section of the Management Report. The resulting construct is understood via three attributes: persistence, current performance, and the reference benchmark. Harmonization with IFRS is a dummy variable, which delimits the pre- and post-IFRS periods. The hypotheses were tested in a sample of Brazilian companies made up of 714 company-year observations covering the period from 2006 to 2019. The descriptive results show that there is an apparent improvement in the readability of the reports in the pre- and post-IFRS period comparison. The econometric evidence shows that, in general, companies with persistent and positive earnings present less complex reports and are more likely to have highly readable reports, because managers publish reports with better readability to signal positive results to the market.","PeriodicalId":37984,"journal":{"name":"Revista Contabilidade e Financas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67201160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dividend persistence and earnings management in emerging markets","authors":"Orleans Silva Martins, Raíssa Aglé Moura de Sousa, Luiz Felipe de Araújo Pontes Girão","doi":"10.1590/1808-057x202113040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We investigate the relationship between dividend persistence and earnings management, considering the levels of economic performance and risk in emerging countries. Earnings are important for valuation models and dividends have evidence that suggests greater persistence, however, there is no evidence on the effect of earnings management on dividend persistence in emerging countries. Despite the substantial growth of emerging markets in the last decades, the degree of informational efficiency and the legal protection for investors is inferior to developed countries, and this is a potential risk for investors who prefer to receive dividends as a way of avoiding expropriation by managers who can manage the firms’ earnings. We show that the reduction in macroeconomic volatility and the uncertainties concerning a country’s performance and risk improve dividend persistence. Thus, even in the face of earnings manipulations, dividends are better inputs for valuation models. Using the persistence models of Dechow and Schrand (2004) and Lintner (1956), we interact the dividend persistence with firms’ earnings management and some indicators of a country’s economic performance and risk for 7,536 publicly traded firms from 20 countries, included in the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Emerging Markets Index from 2000 to 2016. We find that in emerging countries dividends are more persistent than earnings. If a company pays United States dollars (USD) 1.00 in dividends, then, on average, US$ 0.89 will persist into next year’s dividends (for earnings, only US$ 0.76 persists). We find that, in addition to the past dividends and current earnings presented by Lintner (1956), current dividends are a function of earnings management volume because this event reduces dividend persistence.","PeriodicalId":37984,"journal":{"name":"Revista Contabilidade e Financas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67200395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaps in engagement in and use of Integrated Reporting in Brazil","authors":"S. Maria, M. J. d’Angelo, Vania Maria da Costa Borgerth","doi":"10.1590/1808-057x202112040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202112040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to identify the gaps in engagement and use among the social actors involved with Integrated Reporting (IR) in Brazil: the companies and professionals responsible for promoting it, the organizations that implement it, and the companies and professionals that use it. In Brazil, private organizations may engage in and use IR via the mechanism of mimetic or normative institutional isomorphism, while public ones do so via the coercive mechanism. In addition to this situation, studies have shown that organizations are still adapting to IR framework 1.0 and that there is a need to discuss improvements relating to its guiding principles, as well as the factors that can contribute to facilitating its adoption by organizations. Besides showing a number of gaps to be mitigated in order to facilitate engagement in and use of IR, the findings indicate that the social actors approach could include a change of organizational culture and not only the principles and methodological elements of IR. This study presents reflections and elements so that the social actors involved with IR can implement actions to accelerate engagement in and use of this initiative in Brazil; that is, which contribute to changing the mental model of managers in relation to the process of value creation, preservation, and erosion over time. This is a qualitative, interpretative, and exploratory study, as it covers a recently addressed topic, both in the international and in the national literature. The data were collected from interviews, documents, and observations of participants and non-participants and interpreted using the template analysis technique. The findings revealed five gaps in engagement and use among the social actors to be overcome in order for this initiative to be more effective: an absence of integrated thinking in organizations; exclusion of IR from corporate governance; an absence of standardization of methodologies for measuring impacts and disclosing risks; a lack of knowledge of the range of IR matters; and controversy between the regulation and self-regulation of IR. Therefore, the study contributes with an empirical investigation that discusses the situation regarding the implementation of IR in Brazil with the protagonists of this initiative. It also presents a conceptual model based on the antecedents and consequences of IR that can be used to develop a measurement scale to be used in countries in a similar situation to that of Brazil.","PeriodicalId":37984,"journal":{"name":"Revista Contabilidade e Financas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48413334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The embeddedness of digital infrastructures for data collection by the Courts of Accounts","authors":"A. Aquino, André Feliciano Lino, Ricardo Rocha de Azevedo","doi":"10.1590/1808-057x202111600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202111600","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the trajectories for data collection automation in various Courts of Accounts (Tribunais de Contas), the standard features of the systems that have emerged, and the impacts on fiscal and accounting oversight in Brazil. Data collection automation is part of the digital transformation in the field of auditing; however, the literature on public sector auditing in Brazil, on digital transformation, or digital infrastructure, does not analyze how this transformation occurs and how the infrastructures are stabilized and shape the field of auditing. Data collection automation has unexpected implications for the content of public sector audits and the financial management of the public sector auditees. Identifying the trajectories for digital tools of data collection automation enables a discussion on whether currently adopted solutions vary and the effects on the standardization of government audits. The automation of data collection by the Court of Accounts, particularly its scope and frequency, affects how the audited public organizations prioritize the adoption and maintenance of accounting, budgeting, and financial planning policies and processes. The digital infrastructures that emerge from these digital tools shape the entire field of auditing, they become embedded, and they increase the cost of future changes, perpetuating the heterogeneity in the auditing and financial management of governments in the Brazilian federation. The article presents a longitudinal case study (1994 to 2020), with narratives built based on questionnaires and interviews with auditors from 26 Courts of Accounts. The automation of budgetary and accounting data collection by Courts of Accounts has changed the logic of the field of government auditing in Brazil. The digital infrastructures that emerge by connecting Courts and the audited public organizations under their jurisdictions have embedded concepts, definitions, and implicit expectations in a remote auditing logic.","PeriodicalId":37984,"journal":{"name":"Revista Contabilidade e Financas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67199950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting treatment of joint operations in Brazil in light of the current accounting standards","authors":"R. Sarquis, A. Santos","doi":"10.1590/1808-057x202113110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202113110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to analyze the accounting treatment used by companies in Brazil that have investments in joint operations, in light of the Brazilian and international accounting standards. There are no doubts about the accounting treatment to be used in consolidated statements, but a divergence was identified between the international and Brazilian standards in relation to individual statements. IFRS 11 determines that investors recognize the values of a joint operation proportionally in consolidated and separate statements. However, the Brazilian standard includes a paragraph determining that only joint operations with no legal personality can be measured in individual statements proportionally. CPC 19 foresees different accounting treatments depending on the legal form of the joint operation, omitting the accounting treatment to be used in joint operations with a separate vehicle. The topic of joint operations is relevant, as the accounting treatment used in Brazil can mean our accounting practices do not comply with the international ones. Besides contributing to the literature on joint businesses, this essay indicates to regulatory bodies the need to modify the Brazilian standard so that it fits the international ones. As well as discussing the current standard, an analysis was carried out of companies in Brazil that have joint operations and the respective accounting treatments used to infer how well they fit the international standards. The results indicate that the accounting statements of the companies in Brazil with joint operations, composed through a separate vehicle, do not comply with the international standards. The main contribution of this essay is that it draws the attention of companies, auditors, and regulators to this non-compliance.","PeriodicalId":37984,"journal":{"name":"Revista Contabilidade e Financas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48372508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of audit rotation on the comparability of financial reports","authors":"Allison Manoel de Sousa, A. Ribeiro, Ernesto Fernando Rodrigues Vicente","doi":"10.1590/1808-057X202111830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057X202111830","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to assess the effect of the rotation and tenure of audit firm and audit partner on the comparability and consistency of financial reports. Several studies have addressed the effect of auditor rotation on the quality of financial reports, but none of them focused specifically on the impact on the comparability and consistency of financial reports. Around the world, the impact of mandatory rotation of audit partner and audit firm is being discussed in academia and regulatory bodies. The peculiarity of the Brazilian regulatory environment allows us to contribute to the discussions on the effects of implementing mandatory auditor rotation. Our sample included 50 companies for which we analyzed data from 2012 to 2018. To measure comparability, we used the similarity of the accounting function model by DeFranco, Kothari and Verdi (2011), and to measure consistency we used the adaptations to this model proposed by Ribeiro (2014). For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics and multivariate panel analysis. Our results suggest that the rotation (mandatory and voluntary) of audit firm and audit partner does not affect the comparability and consistency of financial reports. Results also suggest that auditor-client relationships of up to three years contribute to a significant increase in comparability and consistency, indicating that mandatory rotation does not impair investors’ ability to compare the information concerning their investments. In addition, regulators are shown that a possible reduction in the mandatory rotation term (from five to three years, as in Italy) would be in line with market practices and would imply an increase in the comparability and consistency of financial information.","PeriodicalId":37984,"journal":{"name":"Revista Contabilidade e Financas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67200044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pricing of anomalies using factor models: a test in Latin American markets","authors":"Gabriel Augusto de Carvalho, Hudson Fernandes Amaral, J. L. Pinheiro, L. Correia","doi":"10.1590/1808-057X202111640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057X202111640","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37984,"journal":{"name":"Revista Contabilidade e Financas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49429485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Has it become more readable? Empirical evidence of key matters in independent audit reports,","authors":"V. Marques, Lanna Nogueira Pereira, Idamo Favalessa de Aquino, Viviane Freitag","doi":"10.1590/1808-057X202112990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057X202112990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37984,"journal":{"name":"Revista Contabilidade e Financas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67200292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State presence in the credit market: state-owned banks and earmarked credit in the 2008 crisis","authors":"L. Barros, Catarina Karen dos Santos Silva, Raquel F. Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1808-057x202108930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x202108930","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to document the relationship between the two mechanisms of state action (credit earmarking and corporate control of banks) and the granting of bank credit in Brazil during the 2008 global financial crisis. There is an intense debate in the literature about the effectiveness of the State’s role in the financial system and its effects on the economy. One aspect of this issue is identifying whether the state presence contributes to stabilizing the granting of credit and softening financial crises’ economic impact. The studies carried out to date have not considered the differences between free and earmarked credits at the bank level, nor their possible interaction with the type of bank property. The study’s subject is relevant because it can help guide counter-cyclical public policies to face crises, including the use of changes in credit earmarking or state-owned banks’ performance. The analyses carried out can inform the debate about the pros and cons of the state’s presence in the credit market. The study analyses data from 2005 to 2012 from financial institutions that capture deposits from the public. Inferences are based on linear regression models, including a wide range of control variables. This study documents a significant reduction in credit granted by private banks in Brazil and state-owned banks’ expansion during the 2008 crisis. This evidence is not only due to differences in the funding rate during the period or to economic fundamentals, suggesting that the effect of corporate control is possibly related to the counter-cyclical performance of state-owned banks. The results show that the credit earmarking mechanisms were not particularly relevant in smoothing the contraction resulting from the financial crisis.","PeriodicalId":37984,"journal":{"name":"Revista Contabilidade e Financas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67199788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}