2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)最新文献

{"title":"CORALS: A Laser Desorption/Ablation Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer for In Situ Exploration of Europa","authors":"L. Willhite, Ziqin Ni, R. Arevalo, A. Bardyn, C. Gundersen, N. Minasola, A. Southard, C. Briois, L. Thirkell, F. Colin, A. Grubisic, M. Fahey, A. Yu, E. Hernandez, Akif Ersahin, R. Danell, A. Makarov","doi":"10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438221","url":null,"abstract":"Europa is a high-priority astrobiology target due to the presence of liquid water, carbon-rich materials, and energy sources that may support complex chemistry and the emergence of biological activity. The CORALS (Characterization of Ocean Residues And Life Signatures) instrument—a transformative mass spectrometer that comprises a solid-state UV laser source, custom ion transfer optics, and a high performance Orbitrap™ mass analyzer—is capable of comprehensive analyses of planetary materials that can provide important context for the origin and evolution of potential biosignatures and geologic icy matrices on Europa. The CORALS laser source, ion inlet system, and mass analyzer constitute a highly versatile and low SWaP (Size: 11,000 cm3; Weight: 8.0 kg; and Power: 41 W peak) mass spectrometer. Here we report on the design of the CORALS engineering test unit (ETU), which will be qualified for spaceflight via random vibration testing and exposure to dry heat microbial reduction, and test results from the two pathfinding prototypes that have informed the development of the ETU. The demonstrated analytical performance of the CORALS instrument supports the wide range of science goals and planetary targets this spectrometer can access, highlighting the instrument's multidimensional strengths in the search for life signatures on Europa or elsewhere in the Solar System.","PeriodicalId":379828,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114964978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Cone Penetration Resistance and Wheel-Soil Interactions in Lunar Gravity","authors":"Adriana Daca, D. Tremblay, K. Skonieczny","doi":"10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438503","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major challenges faced by planetary exploration rovers today is the negotiation of difficult terrain, such as fine granular regolith commonly found on the Moon and Mars. Typical Earth-based testing methods cannot accurately predict rover mobility in reduced gravity environments (i.e. the Moon and Mars) as they fail to account for the effect of reduced gravity on the soil itself. Preliminary efforts have been made to account for effects of gravity on granular materials, at least indirectly, through simulant design. The soil simulant GRC-1 is designed to produce cone penetrometer readings comparable to those collected on the Moon (i.e. in lunar gravity) during Apollo. The assumption is that replicating the mechanical properties of lunar soil in terms of cone penetration resistance will also replicate the response to vehicle loading in terms of traction. The present research was designed to thoroughly characterize this assumption by exploring the relationship between rover mobility and cone penetration resistance experimentally in lunar gravity (1/6-g) and terrestrial gravity (1-g). The cone penetrometer response of GRC-1 was measured at relative densities (DR'S) of 46%,63%, and 69 % in both 1-g and 1/6-g aboard parabolic flights producing effective lunar gravitational accelerations. Cone index gradient (G) values measured in 1/6-g were 4 x lower on average than those measured in 1-g, indicating a significant decrease in shear strength in lunar-g. Wheel-soil interactions between a smooth rigid wheel and G R C-1 were also characterized at 69% DR in 1/6-g. The wheel experiments measured wheel-soil interaction data at controlled slip values of 20 % and 70 %. Wheel-soil interaction data collected include subsurface soil imaging, force/torque sensor data, wheel sinkage, and motor current, with drawbar pull (DP) and sinkage data reported here. Average DP/W values observed at 20% slip and 70% slip were 0.11 ± 0.02 and 0.32 ± 0.03, respectively, and maximum observed sinkage was 9.0 ± 1.9 mm and 16.2 ± 2.1 mm at 20% and 70 % slip, respectively. These results will be compared to 1-g experiments in a lower-density soil that produces an equivalent cone penetrometer response in order to test the hypothesis that equivalent wheel performance will be observed in soil with equal G values across differing gravity levels.","PeriodicalId":379828,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115127323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regolith Cohesion Measurement via Induced Electrostatic Lofting","authors":"Charles Pett, Thomas J.G. Leps, C. Hartzell","doi":"10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438452","url":null,"abstract":"Electrostatic dust lofting has been hypothesized to occur on airless bodies such as the Moon and asteroids, but in-situ evidence of this phenomenon has yet to be observed. Nonetheless, experiments and numerical models have provided insight into the fundamental physics of electrostatic dust mobilization. Prior to lofting, grains are bound tightly to the surface by cohesion, the dominant force for sub-mm particles. However, the magnitude of cohesion in regolith remains poorly constrained. We introduce the design of the Electrostatic Sample Collection and Cohesion Quantification (E-SACCQ) system, a technology that induces electrostatic dust lofting to measure regolith cohesion. E-SACCQ induces electrostatic lofting of charged regolith grains via a biased attractor plate and simultaneously images their size and trajectory. Since the local gravity is known and the electrostatic force on the regolith grains is controlled by the attractor plate potential, it is possible to solve for the cohesive force on the grains. Furthermore, the ability to induce electrostatic lofting may also provide a new method of dust removal from spacecraft surfaces and for sample collection on rubble pile asteroids, which may not have suitable, powdery surfaces for conventional scoop style collection methods. In this work, we discuss the preliminary design of the instrument. The feedback between the E-SACCQ electrode and the near-surface plasma environment is numerically modeled. Our models predict that solar wind bombardment will be a significant perturbation to the electric field between the surface and the electrode. The system's sensitivity to key design parameters such as attractor plate potential, size, and operating distance above the surface are also assessed. With respect to grain characterization and position tracking, stereo vision is selected as the preferred solution. Additional plasma simulation modeling and experimental demonstration is required to mature this technology.","PeriodicalId":379828,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124386826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Individualized Countermeasure Assessment Framework for Astronauts in Space","authors":"Jennifer Yeung, C. McGregor","doi":"10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438512","url":null,"abstract":"Preventive measures and countermeasure exercises play integral roles in maintaining the physiological health, wellbeing, and performance of astronauts in current day four to 11 month space missions to the ISS. While these activities help the body adapt to the adverse effects of spaceflight and minimize risks of physical deconditioning associated with weightlessness, these activities are inadequate for longer trips such as a 2–3 year mission to and from Mars. Furthermore, physical reconditioning and other issues such as visual impairment intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome remain for some astronauts returning from space missions. Combined with the effects of isolation and confinement in space, an astronaut's condition and performance can be compromised to a high degree with long-term impacts to their health and wellness upon returning to Earth if the appropriate interventions are not performed at appropriate times. Research has shown that representation of the relevant data to the active user during their activities has been proven effective in allowing them to perform the appropriate intervention to mitigate projected health risks. The physiological data and countermeasure equipment data currently located on the ISS has the potential to be correlated with the respective activities performed per astronaut for an individualized physiological monitoring approach for real-time health assessments. This paper presents a correlation method to enable individualized countermeasure assessments using big data collected during a simulated extreme environment workshop for firefighters as an analog. The online health analytics platform, created by McGregor, known as Artemis demonstrates this method using its capabilities in temporal abstraction for knowledge discovery, mechanisms for early detection of illnesses, and continuous real-time monitoring.","PeriodicalId":379828,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)","volume":"53 S1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120974752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Touchless Respiratory Monitor Preliminary Data and Results","authors":"Bryce E. Hill, R. Stapley, Md Siddat Bin Nesar, Bradley M. Whitaker","doi":"10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438154","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory rates and tidal volumes in a microgravity environment are crucial measurements for astronauts. Current technology such as respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP), capnography, spirometry and pulse-oximetry, besides not directly measuring respiration, also suffer from lagging data, drifting values and/or degrees of invasiveness to the patient and health care workers. To overcome these issues, we developed a touchless respiratory monitor that both measures abdominal and chest excursions and changes to respiratory flow. This system incorporates a remote thermal sensor measuring temperature changes of a mask worn by the subject and a LiDAR system measuring the chest and abdomen movements. Initial data was collected on three subjects in an IRB approved study. The data collected includes RIP, Capnometry, Spirometry and Pulse-oximetry as the standards for comparison. A LiDAR puck was aimed at the chest and abdomen of the subject and a thermal sensor at the facial region of the subject while they lay resting in a bed. Direct comparison of the data is performed. Initial data shows high correlation between the RIP and average LiDAR measured tidal volume as well as the tidal volume from spirometer to the LiDAR calculated tidal volume. Thermal sensor respiratory data shows high correlation with the capnometer data. In order to adapt the LiDAR system for a resting astronaut in microgravity to obtain similar results, we would require the use of multiple LiDAR pucks to simultaneously measure both the anterior and posterior of the chest and abdomen.","PeriodicalId":379828,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121017177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Neural Networks to the F-35 Seam Validation Process","authors":"Joshua Martinez, Anastacia MacAllister, E. Dominguez, Curtis Mahlmann, Grace Quinlan, Matthew Mckee","doi":"10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438381","url":null,"abstract":"The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) costs 79–115 million dollars to produce and is currently the most sophisticated military aircraft in history. In order to ensure that the vehicles meet expected performance standards, detailed and often expensive inspections of the aircraft structure must be performed at each production step. This paper describes work performed to integrate automation into one of the costliest manufacturing processes in the JSF program, known as Seam Validation, via the development and staged deployment of machine learning (ML)-based classifiers. Presented are two high performing artificial neural network (ANN) models capable of achieving classification accuracies of 94.3 percent and 90.8 percent respectively on troubleshooting/rework evaluations of the gap and mismatch components of seams on the aircrafts' structure. Once fully integrated into the production infrastructure, these models can potentially save tens to hundreds of thousands of labor hours over the life of the JSF program. Work presented in this paper discusses ML method development and describes rigorous model testing. The first step in model development required the identification of an algorithm that could cope with the relatively limited and unbalanced data available. To accomplish this, multiple technologies were investigated, including a support vector machine (SVM), a Bayesian network, and an artificial neural network (ANN). Of these model types, the ANN exhibited the best performance and was optimized through various described methods. Utilizing this model optimization approach, this work demonstrates an effective procedure for the development and successful deployment of high performing and robust machine learning technologies, effectively reducing costs and automating mass production processes like the JSF.","PeriodicalId":379828,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126131159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Novelty Detection Capabilities with MSL Mastcam Operations to Enhance Data Analysis","authors":"P. Horton, H. Kerner, S. Jacob, E. Cisneros, K. Wagstaff, J. Bell","doi":"10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438280","url":null,"abstract":"While innovations in scientific instrumentation have pushed the boundaries of Mars rover mission capabilities, the increase in data complexity has pressured Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) and future Mars rover operations staff to quickly analyze complex data sets to meet progressively shorter tactical and strategic planning timelines. MSLWEB is an internal data tracking tool used by operations staff to perform first pass analysis on MSL image sequences, a series of products taken by the Mast camera, Mastcam. Mastcam consists of a pair of 400-1000 nm wavelength cameras on MSL's Remote Sensing Mast that, among other functions, uses a filter wheel to produce multispectral images by creating a sequence of products at different wavelengths. Mastcam's multiband multispectral image sequences require more complex analysis compared to standard 3-band RGB images. Typically, these are analyzed by the inspection of false color images created to aid visualization, such as band ratios between different spectral indices that can highlight specific potential mineralogic differences among iron-bearing phases, and decorrelation stretches to enhance the color differences between multiple filters. Given the short time frame of tactical planning in which down-linked images might need to be analyzed (within 5-10 hours before the next uplink), there exists a need to triage analysis time to focus on the most important sequences and parts of a sequence. We address this need by creating products for MSLWEB that use novelty detection to help operations staff identify unusual data that might be diagnostic of new or atypical compositions or mineralogies detected within an imaging scene. This was achieved in two ways: 1) by creating products for each sequence to identify novel regions in the image, and 2) by assigning multispectral sequences a sortable novelty score. These new products provide colorized heat maps of inferred novelty that operations staff can use to rapidly review down-linked data and focus their efforts on analyzing potentially new kinds of diagnostic multispectral signatures. This approach has the potential to guide scientists to new discoveries by quickly drawing their attention to often subtle variations not detectable with simple color composites. The products developed in this work have shown promising benefits for integration into mission operations by potentially decreasing tactical operations planning time through guided triage.","PeriodicalId":379828,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122551381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaption-Based Analytics for Assessment of Human Deconditioning during Deep Space Exploration","authors":"A. Prysyazhnyuk, C. McGregor","doi":"10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438367","url":null,"abstract":"Technological and scientific advancements continue to enable safe prolonged human presence in space, while extending the boundaries of manned exploration from low-Earth orbit into deep space. As humankind prepares to embark on exploration-class missions, to the Moon and Mars, mission objectives, risks and challenges become more complex and vastly different from the majority of human manned space exploration experience known to-date. The potential health risks associated with deep space exploration are expected to amplify, the mitigation of which would necessitate complex and autonomous in-flight medical capacity, which has not been available to-date. The logistics of medical care delivery in-flight have been significantly limited by impracticality of existing biomedical monitoring modalities and retrospective data analytics methods and techniques. Conventionally, physiological health monitoring has been discontinuous and extremely limited, hindering the usability and practicality of the acquired data to support clinical decision-making in-flight. This paper presents an integrated big data framework that utilizes stream computing to support real-time autonomous clinical-decision making in-flight. The proposed framework extends previous research known as the Artemis and Artemis Cloud platforms by integrating multi-source, multi-type data to provide in-depth adaption-based assessment and identify the activity of the various compensatory reactions of regulatory mechanisms, which have been known to impact human health in weightlessness. The instantiation of the proposed big data integrated framework is demonstrated within the context of a ground-based 5-day Dry Immersion study. More specifically, the paper demonstrates the potential to support adaption-based analytics-as-a-service within the context of space medicine. Further to that, adaption-based analytics are enhanced through the introduction of multimodal real-time analytics. The multimodal adaption-based analytics are based on traditional data sampling and a sliding-window approach for analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) and its features. The introduction of a sliding-window approach offers numerous benefits, including increased sample size, greater stability of numerical estimates, de-trending of the HRV to ensure the observed patterns are attributed to an actual physiological response rather than noise or artefacts. As such, the proposed adaption-based analytics-as-a-service demonstrate great potential to identify unstable physiological states and support proactive prognostics, diagnostics and health management during spaceflight. Additionally, the proposed approach contributes to meaningful use of the acquired physiological data in-flight.","PeriodicalId":379828,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)","volume":"354 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114047490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Spatial Perspective of Space Colonization on Mars","authors":"Akshita Swaminathan, V. Malhotra","doi":"10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438444","url":null,"abstract":"Colonization as a futuristic reality is being explored and possibilities of human endeavor on Mars as future habitat are conceptually investigated. Considering the ground differences with atmosphere and functioning condition with Earth as a reference, the possibilities of human existence on Mars are designed keeping fundamental aspects undering consideration. The Red Planet has a thin layer of atmosphere protecting it and several patches of water in the form of ice have been discovered. Investigating Mars's history could help in gaining insights about the evolution of life on Earth. The mission outlines utilization of the technology perpetually with fundamentals like oxygen, water, communication, food, and energy production as a significant roadmap. The mission also carries on its back the responsibility of making headway in the prospects of space engineering. Novel techniques like Dome like structures, Lava tubes, the Role of Robots, and Astronauts are singled out. The present work directs emphasis on the underground pathways for building residential complexes for prospective Martian settlers (colonists). The main challenges given technology and scientific enhancements and to put them to the best use to be benefitted from are focused. The results of the study determine the plausibility of the project with gradual and substantial technological advancements. Bearing in mind the risks and with a continuous stride to overcome them, Mars colonization, a distant dream now, could be accomplished while realizing the major enhancements and discoveries that would happen in all fields of science and technology in the future.","PeriodicalId":379828,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122101485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instrumentation for Exploring Mars with High Science Return Small Payload Missions","authors":"Pamela Clark, N. Barba, T. Komarek, V. Stamenković, L. Giersch, R. Woolley, C. Edwards, Robert Anderson","doi":"10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438183","url":null,"abstract":"The Mars Exploration Directorate at the JPL is sponsoring a study to examine technical feasibility of developing small spacecraft missions (SSc) capable of low-cost, compelling science. Low cost small spacecraft missions can enable unique mission concepts in higher risk classes creating opportunities for compelling science missions in regions that may be otherwise remain unexplored, as well as for constellations, networks, scouts, and fundamentally new measurements. Potential science instruments for Mars Exploration Analysis Group (MEPAG) high-priority investigations suited to small spacecraft mass, volume, power, and cost constraints include compact versions of a camera (e.g., Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Enhanced Engineering Camera (EECam)), Meteorology (e.g., MSL Meteorology Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA)), Seismometer (e.g., InSIGHT SEIS), Atmosphere and Trace Gases (e.g., MSL Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS)), Dust (e.g., ExoMars Micro Mars Environmental Dust (MicroMED)) analyzers, and fluxgate magnetometers (InSIGHT Mag). Two examples of low-cost mission concepts are LOKI (Localizing Organic Key Ingredients), an areostationary SmallSat orbital constellation designed to measure trace gases, and TH2OR, a time-domain EM sounder capable of water detection to a depth of many kilometers, which would be landed via a small high impact energy device (SHIELD).","PeriodicalId":379828,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117027019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}