American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting最新文献_第9页

Colorectal Cancer: In the Pursuit of Health Equity. 结直肠癌:追求健康公平。

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_321071

Laura W Musselwhite, Folasade P May, Mohamed E Salem, Edith P Mitchell

{"title":"Colorectal Cancer: In the Pursuit of Health Equity.","authors":"Laura W Musselwhite, Folasade P May, Mohamed E Salem, Edith P Mitchell","doi":"10.1200/EDBK_321071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1200/EDBK_321071","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer mortality has decreased considerably following the adoption of national screening programs, yet, within at-risk subgroups, there continue to be measurable differences in clinical outcomes from variations in screening, receipt of chemotherapy, radiation or surgery, access to clinical trials, research participation, and survivorship. These disparities are well-described and some have worsened over time. Disparities identified have included race and ethnicity, age (specifically young adults), socioeconomic status, insurance access, geography, and environmental exposures. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, colorectal cancer care has necessarily shifted dramatically, with broad, immediate uptake of telemedicine, transition to oral medications when feasible, and considerations for sequence of treatment. However, it has additionally marginalized patients with colorectal cancer with historically disparate cancer-specific outcomes; among them, uninsured, low-income, immigrant, and ethnic-minority patients-all of whom are more likely to become infected, be hospitalized, and die of either COVID-19 or colorectal cancer. Herein, we outline measurable disparities, review implemented solutions, and define strategies toward ensuring that all have a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible.","PeriodicalId":37969,"journal":{"name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":"108-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38998163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Personalizing Medicine With Germline and Somatic Sequencing in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Current Treatments and Novel Opportunities. 晚期胰腺癌的生殖系和体细胞测序个体化治疗:目前的治疗方法和新的机会。

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_321255

Michael S Lee, Shubham Pant

{"title":"Personalizing Medicine With Germline and Somatic Sequencing in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Current Treatments and Novel Opportunities.","authors":"Michael S Lee, Shubham Pant","doi":"10.1200/EDBK_321255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1200/EDBK_321255","url":null,"abstract":"Performing germline and somatic sequencing in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer can identify potentially targetable genomic aberrations that impact current standard treatment options or eligibility for biomarker-targeted clinical trials. Testing for deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1/2 impacts patient selection for platinum-based chemotherapy regimens and selection of patients who are candidates to receive maintenance therapy with olaparib. Additional germline mutations also similarly introduce potential vulnerabilities to the cancers that arise and may be targeted by clinical trials. Somatic mutation testing also provides opportunities for optimal selection of patients for biomarker-driven clinical trials. Although KRAS mutations are found in 90% to 93% of pancreatic cancers, there are increasing opportunities for therapies against particular mutant KRAS isoforms, especially with the advent of KRAS G12C-specific small molecule inhibitors, and KRAS targeting trials will increasingly require identification of the specific KRAS mutation present. There are also a range of tumor site-agnostic molecular features, such as microsatellite instability and NTRK fusions that, although rarely found in pancreatic cancers, impact selection of patients who have the potential for dramatic benefit with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab or TRK inhibitors such as larotrectinib or entrectinib, respectively, and thus motivate broader somatic mutation and fusion testing for patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancers. Multiple other rare actionable aberrations, particularly gene fusions in the 8% to 10% of KRAS wild-type pancreatic cancers, are also known, and enrollment in basket trials for these rare patient cohorts is highly encouraged.","PeriodicalId":37969,"journal":{"name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38933822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Making the Best of Limited Resources: Improving Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer. 充分利用有限资源：改善头颈部癌症的治疗效果。

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_320923

Johannes J Fagan, Vanita Noronha, Evan Michael Graboyes

引用次数: 0

State of the Science: Screening, Surveillance, and Epidemiology of HPV-Related Malignancies. 科学现状:hpv相关恶性肿瘤的筛查、监测和流行病学。

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_325319

Rahel Ghebre, J Michael Berry-Lawhorn, Gypsyamber D'Souza

{"title":"State of the Science: Screening, Surveillance, and Epidemiology of HPV-Related Malignancies.","authors":"Rahel Ghebre, J Michael Berry-Lawhorn, Gypsyamber D'Souza","doi":"10.1200/EDBK_325319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1200/EDBK_325319","url":null,"abstract":"Oropharyngeal, cervical, vulvar, and anal cancers share a common risk factor of HPV infection. HPV vaccination is currently recommended at age 11 or 12 to prevent new HPV infections for all genders with catch-up vaccination recommened up to age 26. Despite the known effectiveness of HPV vaccination to prevent HPV-related cancer, there is continued low uptake in the United States; only 40% of eligible persons were vaccinated in 2018, though rates are 70% among teenagers. Current American Cancer Society cancer screening guidelines recommend cervical cancer screening, but do not have specific recommendations for screening for other HPV-related cancers. Oropharyngeal cancer precursors have yet to be identified, and there are currently no routine screening tests for oropharyngeal cancer recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and American Cancer Society recommend cervical cancer screening for women at average risk up to age 65, and screening guidelines do not currently differ by HPV vaccination status. Primary HPV DNA testing was first approved for cervical cancer screening in 2016 and was shown to be superior for cervical cancer prevention. Vulvar and anal cancer precursors have been identified, but optimal screening remains unclear. Examination of the anal canal and perianus is best performed by trained clinicians using high-resolution anoscopy, and effectiveness of using high-resolution anoscopy to detect and treat anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to prevent cancer is actively being researched. Current multistep approaches to control HPV-related malignancies include HPV vaccination coupled with cervical cancer screening or surveillance for oropharyngeal, vulvar, and anal cancers.","PeriodicalId":37969,"journal":{"name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25581498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Understanding and Addressing Disparities in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: Approaches for Clinicians. 理解和解决血液恶性肿瘤患者的差异:临床医生的方法。

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_320079

Demetria Smith-Graziani, Christopher R Flowers

引用次数: 3

The Care of Children With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间对癌症儿童的护理。

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_321497

Daniel C Moreira, Gerard C Millen, Stephen Sands, Pamela R Kearns, Douglas S Hawkins

{"title":"The Care of Children With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Daniel C Moreira, Gerard C Millen, Stephen Sands, Pamela R Kearns, Douglas S Hawkins","doi":"10.1200/EDBK_321497","DOIUrl":"10.1200/EDBK_321497","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably changed health services for children with cancer worldwide by creating barriers throughout the care continuum. Reports available at this time suggest that asymptomatic and mild upper and lower respiratory tract syndromes are the most common presentation of COVID-19 in children with cancer. Nonetheless, severe cases of COVID-19 and deaths secondary to the infection have been reported. In addition to the direct effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, children with cancer have suffered from the collateral consequences of the pandemic, including decreased access to diagnosis and cancer-directed therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to safe and effective care of children with cancer, including their enrollment in therapeutic clinical trials. Data from the Children's Oncology Group and Cancer Research U.K. Clinical Trials Unit show variability in the enrollment of children with cancer in clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the overall effects on outcomes for children with cancer undergoing care during the pandemic remain largely unknown. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the direct and collateral effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including on clinical trial enrollment and operations.","PeriodicalId":37969,"journal":{"name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38980770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Taking Aim at the Undruggable. 瞄准不可药物。

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_325885

Niamh Coleman, Jordi Rodon

{"title":"Taking Aim at the Undruggable.","authors":"Niamh Coleman, Jordi Rodon","doi":"10.1200/EDBK_325885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1200/EDBK_325885","url":null,"abstract":"The term \"undruggable\" is used to describe a protein that is not pharmacologically capable of being targeted; recently, however, substantial efforts have been made to turn these proteins into \"druggable\" targets. Thus, \"difficult to drug\" or \"yet to be drugged\" are perhaps more appropriate terms. In cancer, a number of elusive targets fall into this category, including transcription factors such as STAT3, TP53, and MYC. Pharmacologically targeting these intractable proteins is now a key challenge of modern drug development, requiring innovation and the development of new technologies. In this article, we discuss some of the recent technologic and pharmacologic advances that have underpinned the erosion of the concept of undruggability. We describe recent successes in drugging the undruggable RAS (KRAS G12C and HRAS), and discuss the advances that have led to the validation of further targets previously believed to be undruggable, such as HIF-2α, BCL-2, MDM2, and MLL. Finally, we look to the future and describe important advances that are likely to have a major impact on targeting undruggable targets, such as the advent of proteolysis-targeting chimeras and protein-protein modulators, which are leading to considerable excitement surrounding the development of cancer targets.","PeriodicalId":37969,"journal":{"name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38982222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Nonsurgical Management of Melanoma Brain Metastasis: Current Therapeutics, Challenges, and Strategies for Progress. 黑素瘤脑转移的非手术治疗:目前的治疗方法、挑战和进展策略。

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_321137

Shalini Makawita, Hussein A Tawbi

{"title":"Nonsurgical Management of Melanoma Brain Metastasis: Current Therapeutics, Challenges, and Strategies for Progress.","authors":"Shalini Makawita, Hussein A Tawbi","doi":"10.1200/EDBK_321137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1200/EDBK_321137","url":null,"abstract":"This review aims to provide an overview of nonsurgical treatment strategies for central nervous system metastases in melanoma as well as discuss treatment challenges and future directions. Recent strategies for melanoma brain metastases have involved proving the intracranial activity of approved therapies as well as identifying novel drug targets. BRAF/MEK combination therapy has intracranial activity in those with BRAF V600 mutations, though disease control is shorter for intracranial than extracranial metastases. Immunotherapy and combination immunotherapies have emerged as providing durable responses in melanoma, and newer studies combining immunotherapy with targeted therapies are emerging. Continued challenges include penetration through the blood-brain barrier and development of resistance mechanisms. Novel therapeutic targets and methods to improve central nervous system penetrance are being identified through the application of deep DNA- and RNA-sequencing analyses. Radiation therapy approaches, especially stereotactic radiosurgery in combination or in sequence with systemic therapies, are also being investigated. Both targeted therapies and immunotherapies have revolutionized the field of melanoma treatment. Multimodality approaches with multidisciplinary teams will pave the way for the future of central nervous system disease treatment in melanoma.","PeriodicalId":37969,"journal":{"name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38997190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

When and How to Treat Relapsed Multiple Myeloma. 复发性多发性骨髓瘤何时及如何治疗。

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_320129

Nitya Nathwani, Luca Bertamini, Rahul Banerjee, Francesca Gay, Nina Shah, Amrita Krishnan

引用次数: 4

Evolution of Disparities in Prostate Cancer Treatment: Is This a New Normal? 前列腺癌治疗差异的演变:这是一种新常态吗?

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_321195

Frank C Cackowski, Brandon Mahal, Elisabeth I Heath, Bradley Carthon

{"title":"Evolution of Disparities in Prostate Cancer Treatment: Is This a New Normal?","authors":"Frank C Cackowski, Brandon Mahal, Elisabeth I Heath, Bradley Carthon","doi":"10.1200/EDBK_321195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1200/EDBK_321195","url":null,"abstract":"Despite notable screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic advances, disparities in prostate cancer incidence and outcomes remain prevalent. Although commonly discussed in the context of men of African descent, disparities also exist based on socioeconomic level, education level, and geographic location. The factors in these disparities span systemic access issues affecting availability of care, provider awareness, and personal patient views and mistrust. In this review, we will discuss common themes that patients have noted as impediments to care. We will review how equitable access to care has helped improve outcomes among many different groups of patients, including those with local disease and those with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Even with more advanced presentation, challenges with recommended screening, and lower rates of genomic testing and trial inclusion, Black populations have benefited greatly from various modalities of therapy, achieving comparable and at times superior outcomes with certain types of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, androgen receptor-based inhibitors, and radiopharmaceuticals in advanced disease. We will also briefly discuss access to genomic testing and differences in patterns of gene expression among Black patients and other groups that are traditionally underrepresented in trials and genomic cohort studies. We propose several strategies on behalf of providers and institutions to help promote more equitable care access environments and continued decreases in prostate cancer disparities across many subgroups.","PeriodicalId":37969,"journal":{"name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book / ASCO. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Meeting","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38973926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6