Childhood in the Past最新文献

{"title":"New Prospects for Investigating Early Life-Course Experiences and Health in Archaeological Fetal, Perinatal and Infant Individuals","authors":"Claire M. Hodson","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1905884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1905884","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Children have become firmly embedded within multidisciplinary investigations of young lives, yet within these studies, the youngest members of past populations persist in lingering on the margins of discussion. Fetal, perinatal and infant lives are tangential; unable to articulate their thoughts and feelings, with their position and role in society typically a product of parental or wider social vectors, these individuals, their experiences, and their roles are complex to decipher. Yet as keepers of both biological and social data – regarding themselves, their mothers and wider community dynamics – these individuals are central in developing comprehensive narratives of infanthood in the past. However, a lack of methodologies for investigating these young lives has been a constant limitation. With recent advancements able to further our understanding of these early life courses, it is now pertinent to focus on fetal, perinatal and infant lives further.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2021.1905884","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48985602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘The Child that is Born of One’s Fair Body’ – Maternal and Infant Death in Medieval Ireland","authors":"E. Murphy","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1904595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1904595","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper explores the historical and archaeological evidence for maternal and infant death in medieval Ireland. An overview of a range of historical sources including law tracts, medical documents, and folklore are investigated for insights concerning the treatment of pregnant women, abortion, post-mortem caesarean, and the nature of herbs that were administered to assist with female reproductive matters. This provides the context for a review of 15 earlier and later medieval burial grounds in Ireland that produced 30 burials in which an adult female was associated with one or more foetal or perinatal infants. The individuals are considered to have potentially died as a result of obstetric complications. The overall frequency and age-at-death profiles of the women and babies are investigated. This is followed by an attempt to interpret the circumstances of each case to determine whether the death had occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or shortly after birthing.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2021.1904595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46947662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"E. Murphy","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1908213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1908213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2021.1908213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41676899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood in History: Perceptions of Children in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds","authors":"M. Carroll","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2021.1905885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2021.1905885","url":null,"abstract":"tigation of personhood of young children through an investigation of burial rites in an Iron Age (c. 900–450 BC) Italian cemetery. Using a range of markers such as age, gender, taphonomy, and mortuary treatment to gauge attitudes towards children during a period of increasing inequality and environmental stressors, the authors conclude that attribution of personhood was incremental with age, conditional, and not universal. Following the theme of age thresholds andmortuary inclusion as an indicator of social identity, Anna Serra’s chapter examined archaeological evidence from an Etruscan (c. 600–200 BC) necropolis. Like others in this time period, Serra finds that children are included in low numbers, indicating that their inclusion in mortuary ritual may have been selective. Hanna Ammar’s chapter departs from the theme of age thresholds and identity in funerary contexts, assessing iconographic depictions on Attic (c. 500–300 BC) miniature wine vessels called choes, used to celebrate children’s initiation to religious rites in ancient Greece. Ammar considers the imagery of choes, which frequently feature images of children at play, finding associations of gender and increasing age with the types of toys depicted. In the penultimate chapter of the book, Alexandra Syrogianni continues the Greek theme, discussing themedical basis for high infant mortality in ancient Greece and the risk of complications in pregnancy and childbirth due to undernutrition among young women pursuing a fashionably slender figure. The final chapter, by Irene Mañas Romero and José Nicolás Saiz López, closes the volume with a chapter on the rites and rituals leading to and around pregnancy and birth in ancient Rome. Mañas Romero and Saiz López consider the range of social rituals and rites of passage around reproduction, from fertility charms designed to encourage conception or ensure a successful pregnancy to the rituals intended to guarantee the safe delivery of a healthy child. Ages and Abilities is varied in its range of themes and topical matter, covering a range of issues throughout childhood and the further lifecourse, from inferred status in life to status in death. The range of methods used is also diverse, covering osteological, historical, iconographic, ethnographic, learning curve data, and taphonomic methodologies to contribute to a larger understanding of the world inhabited by prehistoric children in Europe and the Near East, and their place in it. This addition of a methodologically diverse exploration of age-related social thresholds and the relationship between age and social status will be a welcome addition to an important topic.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2021.1905885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45821008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood, Orphans and Underage Heirs in Medieval Rural England: Growing Up in the Village","authors":"H. Cunningham","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791494","url":null,"abstract":"Miriam Muller’s aim is to increase understanding of rural childhoods in England between the late thirteenth century and the end of the fourteenth century, a period marked by two crises, famine betw...","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43988411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Social Spaces to Training Fields: Evolution of Design Theory of the Children’s Public Sphere in Hungary in the First Half of the Twentieth Century","authors":"Luca Csepely-Knorr, Mária Klagyivik","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791495","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The first half of the twentieth century brought turbulent changes into the political and social scene of Hungary. Within a few decades the country shifted from being a partner in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, to the short-lived Hungarian – and later Soviet – Republic and ultimately to the independent Kingdom of Hungary. These changes strongly affected the ideologies of all fields of life, including landscape architectural and educational theory and practice. This paper discusses evolving Hungarian ideas about designing places for children in the international context of education, by following the changing concepts of play spaces, from designing for physical education and health, to the idea of training soldiers for an approaching war. By tracing the intricate links between these and the history of Hungary in the early twentieth century, the paper argues that the interwoven nature of design theory and the socio-political context of children’s spaces is key in understanding their development.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47183693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spaces for children as ‘citizens of the future’ by political ideologies of the twentieth century","authors":"A. Alegre, Yael Allweil","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791491","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper constitutes an introduction to the special journal issue on the twentieth-century architecture for children regarded as ‘citizens of the future’ by several distinct ideologies. Four papers from different geographical areas, performed at different times of the twentieth century, comprise the issue and present a rich array of political projects which nonetheless shared the belief in children and childhood as the objects for education, indoctrination, and social transformation. This introduction intends to contextualise architecture of spaces for children in a historical and theoretical perspective discussing its relations with social sciences and the recent field of childhood studies.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46458568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children’s voices from the past: new historical and interdisciplinary perspectives","authors":"Emma D. Watkins","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791493","url":null,"abstract":"This book sought to ‘find children’s voices in the past’ but with the acknowledgment of the ‘theoretical impossibility of directly and simply reading “experience” or “voice”’ (9). This collection h...","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48470142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programming Emotional Care: The Nuffield Study of the Children’s Hospital, 1963","authors":"Roy Kozlovsky","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791497","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The essay examines the integration of psychological expertise into the planning of the post-war children’s hospital in England. Its main objects of analysis are the Platt Report (1959), which conceptualized the child’s emotional needs and fears as distinct from those of adults, and the Nuffield Foundation’s study Children in Hospital (1963), one of the earliest attempts to develop a scientific methodology for integrating subjective experience into an architectural brief. The children’s hospital was conceptualized in relation to the familiar environments of the home and the school, to maintain their emotional stability in an unfamiliar social and technological environment. In the ways in which it sequenced admittance, treatment, recovery and discharge, the spatial organization of the children’s hospital not only reflected new ways of thinking about children and their emotions, but also promoted new desires, expectations, and truths regarding the relationship between children, parents, medical personnel and the state.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60434875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architectural Pragmatism and Poetry: Childhood in Fascist Era Summer Camps","authors":"Stephanie Z. Pilat, P. Sanzà","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791496","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the Fascist rule in Italy (1922–43), the regime sponsored and encouraged the construction of thousands of children’s summer camps or colonie (singular colonia) as part of a mission to shape the physical bodies and minds of the youngest citizens of the nation. Although the colonia building type originated in the nineteenth century, the regime adapted the type to their aims and constructed thousands of new camps throughout Italy, from the Alps to the shorelines of rivers, lakes, and seas. Some were tiny, no more than basic shelters; others resembled small cities. Many are known for their simple lines, profound conceptual gestures, and for fostering majestic and remarkable childhood experiences. This paper analyses three colonie, in Cesenatico, Cattolica, and Legnano, to understand how the regime’s desire to create the Fascists of the future was translated into built form(s) by an array of young architects.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46992136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}