Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of the Yeast Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on Acute Diarrhea in Children","authors":"A. Mahyar, P. Ayazi, Haleh Pashaei, B. Arad, S. Oveisi, S. Esmaeili","doi":"10.5812/compreped.117391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped.117391","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of yeast probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on the frequency and duration of acute diarrhea in children. Methods: Sixty children were randomized to receive yeast probiotic S. boulardii in a daily dose of 250 mg (trial group-30 patients) or placebo (control group-30 patients) for five days. The clinical and demographic characteristics of two groups were recorded before the intervention. After intervention, the two groups were compared in terms of frequency of diarrhea, duration of diarrhea, and hospital stay. Results: The median (interquartile range) of frequency of diarrhea in the trial group was significantly lower than placebo group (4 [2] vs. 5 [2.5]) (P = 0.04). Also, the median (interquartile range) of duration of diarrhea in the trial group was significantly lower than placebo group (3 [2] vs. 4 [2.5]) (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference between groups for hospital stay (P = 0.8). Conclusions: The present study reveals that the use of yeast probiotic S. boulardii can reduce the frequency and duration of acute diarrhea. Therefore, we recommended S. boulardii administration to acute diarrhea in children.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46668616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Overweight and Obesity and Overactive Bladder in Children: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"F. Saffari, A. Mahyar, Amirhossein Kavian, B. Arad","doi":"10.5812/compreped.111361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped.111361","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common cause of voiding dysfunction in children and is classified as lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). In recent studies, obesity and overweight are assumed as risk factors for voiding dysfunction and urinary incontinence in children. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between overweight and obesity with OAB in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study measured BMI in 56 children aged between 3 and 16 years with OAB (case group) and 56 healthy matched children (control group). Overweight and obesity were compared between the two groups. The study also accessed lower urinary tract symptoms and their association with BMI in the OAB children. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 18.0 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: The mean age of the OAB patients was 7.71 ± 2.65 years, and 38 (67.8%) of them were female. Frequency and holding maneuvers were the most prevalent complaints. A history of urinary tract infection was detected in 46 (82.1%) of the OAB patients. There were no significant differences in overweight and obesity between the two groups (P = 0.23). Conclusions: No correlation was observed between overweight and obesity with OAB. The reason may be different socioeconomic conditions or malnutrition in these children. Thus, it is recommended to perform a study with a larger sample size in our community to assess malnutrition in the general children population.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47581562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Child with Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Stroke and Cardiac Insufficiency","authors":"Seyedeh Narjes Ahmadizadeh, Fariba Shirvani, Seyedeh Masumeh Hashemi, Azita Behzad, Zahra Pournasiri, M. Alemzadeh, M. Mohkam","doi":"10.5812/compreped.115888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped.115888","url":null,"abstract":": Multiple inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a multisystem inflammatory disease following COVID-19 in children. This disease occurs a few weeks after COVID-19. A child with this condition develops a cytokine release cascade that results in organ damage. The involved organs include the heart, lungs, brain, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system. Fever is present in all patients and Kawasaki-like symptoms are one of the common features in these children. In this article, we introduce a child with MIS-C who has skin, gastrointestinal, neurological, and renal symptoms and has been hospitalized in the PICU.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47707330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Different Educational Methods on Oral Health in 7-13-year-old Visually Impaired Children in Tehran: A Randomized Trial","authors":"Sheida Masoumi, N. Askarizadeh, M. Ghasemi","doi":"10.5812/compreped.112406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped.112406","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Conventional oral health education is not suitable for visually impaired children. Objectives: Considering the importance of oral health, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different educational methods on oral hygiene status. Methods: Following a clinical trial design, 88 visually impaired children, aged 7 to 13 years, living in Tehran were recruited and randomly allocated to four groups of verbal-tactile, verbal-braille, multisensory, and control. Initially, all children were well informed about the importance of oral hygiene; then, the baseline levels of plaque score and gingivitis were recorded by Silness & Loe plaque index and Loe & Silness gingival index, respectively. Experimental groups received oral health education through different methods. The instructions were repeated after one month, and plaque and gingival indices were reevaluated after two months. Data analysis was administered by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and posthoc tests using SPSS 20.0. Results: After receiving the intervention, all groups showed a decrease in plaque and gingival indices, with the most reduction in the multisensory group (with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0001) between multisensory & control for both plaque & gingival indices). The least change was observed in the verbal-braille group compared to the control (for plaque index and gingival index after two months (P = 0.04) and (P = 0.17), respectively). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the multisensory method (verbal-tactile-braille) is the best option to educate visually impaired children, with significantly more acceptable results.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48499180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes of Neonatal Jaundice Requiring Exchange Transfusion","authors":"H. Boskabadi, G. Maamouri, M. Abbasi, E. Heidari","doi":"10.5812/compreped.109539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped.109539","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal jaundice is highly prevalent in Asia and has serious complications, such as kernicterus. Therefore, it is very important to identify the risk factors of jaundice requiring exchange transfusion since it can be helpful in the prevention of the disease and early diagnosis of its complications. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the causes of neonatal jaundice requiring blood exchange. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 251 term and preterm neonates. The studied newborns were 2-14 days old (born at ≥ 35 weeks of gestation) with jaundice and bilirubin of more than 17 mg/dL and received exchange transfusion during 2011 - 2020 in Ghaem teaching hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The required data of the study variables, such as hyperbilirubinemia risk factors, laboratory tests, the documented history of the mothers and neonates, and physical examination results, were collected through a questionnaire and the medical records of the patients. Finally, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20). Results: Based on the results, the mean value of the total serum bilirubin level in neonates who received exchange transfusion was 27.53 ± 10.05 mg/dL. The blood types of about 40% of mothers and their neonates were O and A/B, respectively. Moreover, 11.4% of mothers were Rh-negative; however, their neonates were Rh-positive. The results also revealed that the causes of exchange transfusion were unknown, ABO incompatibility, Rh incompatibility, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), and sepsis in 52.7 %, 24%, 7.1%, 5.3%, and 5.3% of the neonates, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that after unknown causes, the most common causes of exchange transfusion were ABO incompatibility, Rh incompatibility, G6PDD, and sepsis. Therefore, since most of these causes can be recognized, it is recommended to perform related tests and take related measures in the Midwifery Department of the hospital to prevent the occurrence and exacerbation of jaundice. Moreover, it is recommended to perform an early follow-up after the discharge.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46668360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons for Requesting a CT Scan and Amount of Radiation Exposure in Hospitalized Children, the Issue Needs Attention","authors":"Alireza Kiani, L. Barati, M. Gharib, M. Vakili, Farshid Kompani, Azaleh Khajavi","doi":"10.5812/compreped.114476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped.114476","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Computerized Tomographic (CT) scan is a rapid, non-invasive, and common diagnostic modality in radiology. More and faster growth of cells, as well as longer lifespan of a child, may lead to a cumulative effect of radiation and a greater chance of mutation, especially in children who are more vulnerable. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the current trend in the use of this modality. Methods: In this descriptive study, all cases of children admitted to Taleghani Hospital who were studied by CT scan during the years 2018 - 2019, entered in survey. Demographic information, anatomical location of the scan, findings from the CT scan report, initial and final diagnosis, number of scans, patient’s complaint that led to his hospitalization and total amount of radiation received by the patient were analyzed. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 with descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage, and mean and standard deviation). Results: In this study, 344 scans of 280 patients were reviewed. Out of 280 patients, 222 patients underwent scan from one, 55 patients from two and four patients from three different anatomical locations. There were 146 male patients (52.1%) with a mean age of 57.7 months and 134 female patients (47.9%) with a mean age of 54.7 months. Out of all scans, the brain was reported with 45%, chest 30%, and other areas 25%. The CT scan was performed at the request of the doctor in charge. Pneumonia (19%) followed by convulsion (17%) and febrile seizures (12%) were the most common complaints. The number of completely normal CT was 151 scans (44.02%), with brain scans having the highest rate of normal scans with 74.19%. Brain scans with an average of 358.66 milliGray.centimeter (mGy.cm) and a maximum of 995.30 mG/cm had the highest average absorbed dose. Conclusions: In this study, the rate of normal CT scans was relatively high and the range of rays available for each modality was significantly wide. Effective interventions must be made in this regard.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46035815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Attitude Towards Cell Phone Use During Pregnancy; A Potential Harm to the Fetus","authors":"Gelareh Biazar, Ali Mohammadzadeh Jouryabi, V. Imantalab, Zahra Atrkarroushan, Yasmin Chaibakhsh, Zahra Mirmoazen, H. S. Fayazi, Fazilat Nojumi","doi":"10.5812/compreped.118566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped.118566","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the lack of conclusive and proven supporting epidemiologic data about the association between cell phone radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) and the developing fetus complications, there are frequent discussions about this matter. Methods: A medical student interviewed eligible pregnant women admitted to Al Zahra Hospital, an academic referral hospital in the North of Iran, to fill questionnaires intended to assess maternal demographic data and their attitude towards cell phone use during pregnancy in 2020. Results: A total of 322 pregnant women with the mean age of 30.12 ± 6.81 years enrolled in the survey, in which 3.1% of them were non-cell phone users, and 6.052% of all did not use a cell phone during the first trimester. Also, 38.81% of them mentioned healthcare providers as the main source of obtaining information, while 40.6% did receive any information. The mean years of cell phone use and the daily hours were 8.26 ± 4.1 and 2.66 ± 2.02, respectively. Also, 64.3% believed that cell phone use poses risks to the fetus, while 26.7% had no idea. A positive association was also found concerning maternal awareness from cell phones harmfulness to the fetus and maternal education, residency, and employment (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: In this study, the majority of pregnant women believed that cell phone use during pregnancy could be harmful to the fetus; however, most of them were cell phone users with no special consideration even during the first trimester. It seems that the importance of the issue must be revealed to them by more healthcare providers’ interventions.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49280450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen on Respiratory Parameters and Pulmonary Complications After Early Extubation Following Pediatric Heart Surgery","authors":"Farzaneh Enayati, S. Amini, Mohammad Gholizadeh Gerdrodbari, L. Jarahi, M. Ansari","doi":"10.5812/compreped.116104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped.116104","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) after early extubation on children undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed among 92 children aged 1 to 24 months undergoing cardiac surgery from March 5 to August 30, 2020, in a pediatric post-cardiac surgery intensive care unit (ICU). The patients were randomized to receive either HFNC or conventional oxygen therapy after extubation. Arterial blood samples were collected after anesthesia induction, after the end of the surgery, at the time of entering the ICU while they were intubated, 6 hours after entering the ICU, before removing the endotracheal tube, immediately after extubation, as well as 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after extubation. The patients were compared regarding PaCO2, PaO2/FiO2 ratios, respiratory failure, need for reintubation, development of atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and length of ICU stay. Results: The patients were similar regarding demographic characteristics, the duration of surgery, and mechanical ventilation (P > 0.05). On the first and second days after the surgery, the mean modified radiologic atelectasis score (m-RAS) was lower in the HFNC group compared to the conventional oxygen therapy group (P < 0.05). The frequency of respiratory failure did not differ in the groups before and after the surgery (P > 0.05). PaCO2 was lower in the HFNC group than in the control group after extubation (P < 0.001). PaO2/FIO2 ratio was significantly higher in the HFNC group one hour after extubation and afterward in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). The need for re-intubation (P < 0.013) and the length of ICU stay (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the HFNC group compared to the control group. Conclusions: It was found that HFNC could improve the respiratory parameters and reduce postoperative pulmonary complications in infants following a congenital heart surgery.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43873172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Management of an Atrioventricular Nodal Re-entrant Tachycardia in a Neonate: A Case Report","authors":"M. Hosseini, Hamid Khederlou, Samieh Ahadi","doi":"10.5812/compreped.112484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/compreped.112484","url":null,"abstract":": The most common tachyarrhythmias in fetal cases is supraventricular tachycardia (SVT); atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) type. Premature delivery, neonatal complications, and mortality following fetal SVT are high, and therefore, require proper management. Hereby, we introduce an AVNRT that was diagnosed in the fetus and adenosine infusion, and propranolol tablets were initially administered, but arrhythmia was not controlled; eventually, the tachycardia was controlled with flecainide tablets. She was discharged with the prescription of propranolol and flecainide tablets. She is currently 18 months old and under follow-up.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44764161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 in Children: Do They Have a Lower Risk of Severe Infection Than Adults?","authors":"M. Amiri","doi":"10.5812/COMPREPED.109345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/COMPREPED.109345","url":null,"abstract":": The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, has now spread around the world. It significantly affects the lower respiratory tract, and pneumonia is always present in patients with the severe form of the disease. Many studies have shown that the severity of COVID-19 is lower in pediatric populations. It is important to determine why infants and young children are not severely affected by COVID-19. By increasing our awareness of this disease, we can prioritize our limited health resources. Several theories have been proposed to explain such significant differences between the pediatric and adult populations with COVID-19. Some of them are: (1) the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); (2) cross-immunity with other severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like viruses; (3) obtunded systemic inflammatory response in children; (4) more efficient T cells in them; (5) interactions of SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with other viruses in the mucosa of the lungs and airways; and (6) a hypothesis that COVID-19 proteins onslaught the heme on the β-1 chain of hemoglobin. The important thing to keep in mind is that the asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic pediatrics are crucial in the spread of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":37929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48780366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}