Acta Mycologica最新文献_第5页

Geosmithia species associated with fir-infesting beetles in Poland 在波兰与侵害冷杉的甲虫有关的地土虫种

Acta Mycologica Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.5586/AM.1115

R. Jankowiak, P. Bilański

{"title":"Geosmithia species associated with fir-infesting beetles in Poland","authors":"R. Jankowiak, P. Bilański","doi":"10.5586/AM.1115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AM.1115","url":null,"abstract":"Geosmithia species (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) are common ectosymbionts of scolytine bark and ambrosia beetles that feed on coniferous and deciduous trees in different forest ecosystems. Geosmithia morbida is the canker pathogen that causes extensive mortality of Juglans nigra. Because little is known regarding the Geosmithia species on European silver fir (Abies alba), we have investigated the diversity and abundance of these fungi associated with insects infesting European silver fir in Poland. Samples associated with eight beetle species were collected from three fir forests. Fungi were isolated from beetles and galleries. Isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics, DNA sequence comparison for three gene regions (ITS, ßT, TEF1-α), and phylogenetic analyses. Geosmithia was detected in 33% of the total 531 beetle samples obtained from A. alba. Two undescribed species of Geosmithia were distinguished, Geosmithia sp. 9 and Geosmithia sp. 16. Associations of Pityokteines spp. with Geosmithia fungi were recorded for the first time. Pityokteines vorontzowi and Pityophthorus pityographus appear to be regular vectors for Geosmithia sp. 9 and Geosmithia sp. 16, respectively. Pityokteines curvidens and Cryphalus piceae were associated with Geosmitha sp. 9 at lower frequencies.","PeriodicalId":37880,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mycologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47842752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Additions to the lichen biota of the Sudety Mountains. I. Records from the Karkonosze Mountains 苏德迪山脉地衣生物群的补充。1 . Karkonosze山脉的记录

Acta Mycologica Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.5586/AM.1113

M. Kossowska, W. Fałtynowicz, Monika Dimos-Zych, Hanna Fałtynowicz, Katarzyna Patejuk, Amelia Piegdoń, M. Buksakowska, P. Jarema

引用次数: 4

The occurrence of Microstoma protracta (Fr.) Kanouse in Poland and assessment of its threat status 波兰卡氏微小瘤的发生及其威胁状况评估

Acta Mycologica Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.5586/AM.1114

A. Kujawa, A. Bujakiewicz, A. Winiecki, M. Dabert, R. Kubiński

引用次数: 0

Endophytic fungi from Vitex payos: identification and bioactivity 葡萄内生真菌的鉴定及生物活性

Acta Mycologica Pub Date : 2018-12-06 DOI: 10.5586/AM.1111

E. Sibanda, M. Mabandla, T. Chisango, A. F. Nhidza, T. Mduluza

{"title":"Endophytic fungi from Vitex payos: identification and bioactivity","authors":"E. Sibanda, M. Mabandla, T. Chisango, A. F. Nhidza, T. Mduluza","doi":"10.5586/AM.1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AM.1111","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants have an important role to play in the search for new bioactive natural compounds. However, despite their potential as repositories of bioactive compounds, the endophytes of African medicinal plants are largely underexplored. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the endophytic fungi associated with Vitex payos and evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The surface sterilization technique was used to isolate the endophytic fungi that were identified by rDNA sequencing of the ITS region. Crude methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion method and evaluated for antioxidant activity using a commercial total antioxidant capacity assay kit. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and functional groups present in the extracts were predicted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Seven endophytic fungi isolates identified as Glomerella acutata, Epicoccum nigrum, Diaporthe species, Penicillium chloroleucon, Diaporthe endophytica, Mucor circinelloides, and Epicoccum nigrum were isolated from the tissues of Vitex payos. None of the extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity and the crude ethyl acetate extract obtained from E. nigrum demonstrated both the highest total phenolic content (2.97 ±0.13 mg GAE g−1 dry weight) and total antioxidant capacity (231.23 ±2.03 μM CRE). Fourier-transform infrared spectral analysis of the crude extracts from E. nigrum confirmed the presence of molecules carrying bonded hydroxyl functional group characteristic of phenolic compounds. These preliminary results indicate that most of the isolated fungal endophytes from V. payos belong to the phylum Ascomycota and that the isolated E. nigrum strain has potential as a source of natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":37880,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mycologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46183937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

An annotated checklist of macrofungi in broadleaf Mediterranean forests (NW Italy) 地中海阔叶森林(意大利西北部)大型真菌清单注释

Acta Mycologica Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.5586/AM.1109

E. Ambrosio, G. Cecchi, M. Zotti, M. Mariotti, S. Di Piazza, F. Boccardo

引用次数: 1

Strigolactones as mediators between fungi and plants Strigolactones作为真菌和植物之间的介质

Acta Mycologica Pub Date : 2018-09-24 DOI: 10.5586/AM.1110

A. Kowalczyk, K. Hrynkiewicz

{"title":"Strigolactones as mediators between fungi and plants","authors":"A. Kowalczyk, K. Hrynkiewicz","doi":"10.5586/AM.1110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AM.1110","url":null,"abstract":"A constantly changing environment is challenging for all organisms on Earth, especially for terrestrial plants, which face several environmental stresses despite their static way of life. In attempts to understand the mechanisms responsible for plant growth and development, scientists have recently focused on a small group of carotenoid derivatives called “strigolactones” (SLs), which are synthesized mostly in the roots in response to a variety of external factors. Strigolactones are compounds that define plant plasticity towards many environmental factors, including the establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis under nutrient-deficient conditions. As exogenous signals, they can stimulate the branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) hyphae and as endogenous signals they adjust a plant architecture, including changes within the roots, allowing host plant and fungi to meet. SLs can also function as signaling molecules that allow colonization and establishment of the later stages of mutualistic symbioses between organisms such as AMF. SLs act on AMF metabolism by stimulating its mitochondrial respiration. Genes encoding enzymes crucial for SL biosynthesis – CCD7 and CCD8 – are also found in gymnosperm genomes, which encourages speculation that strigolactones may also be part of a host-plant and ectomycorrhizal fungi signaling pathway during the establishment of symbiosis. Nevertheless, SLs impact on ectomycorrhiza formation remain unknown. The broad spectrum of SL bioactivity has made these compounds valuable from an industrial perspective. In the future, SLs may be commercialized in plant protection products, biostimulants, or as substances used in genetic engineering to allow the creation of crops capable of growing under disadvantageous conditions.","PeriodicalId":37880,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mycologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41917034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Contribution to the knowledge of mycobiota of the Western Sudety Mountains and Western Sudety Foothills (SW Poland). Part 1 对西苏迪山脉和西苏迪丘陵真菌生物群知识的贡献（波兰西南部）。第1部分

Acta Mycologica Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.5586/AM.1106

B. Gierczyk, Ryszard Soboń, Tomasz Pachlewski, Tomasz Ślusarczyk

引用次数: 7

Analysis of virulence and genetic variability of Alternaria alternata associated with leaf spot disease in potato plants in Iran 伊朗马铃薯叶斑病相关互交稻瘟菌毒力及遗传变异分析

Acta Mycologica Pub Date : 2018-06-29 DOI: 10.5586/am.1105

M. Nasr Esfahani

{"title":"Analysis of virulence and genetic variability of Alternaria alternata associated with leaf spot disease in potato plants in Iran","authors":"M. Nasr Esfahani","doi":"10.5586/am.1105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/am.1105","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf spot disease in potato is caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, an opportunistic pathogen that infests many agricultural crops worldwide in the field and during postharvest storage of vegetables and fruits. Alternaria alternata is associated with leaf spot disease in potato in Iran. Thus, there is a need to investigate the virulence and genetic variability of Iranian A. alternata isolates to facilitate the development of appropriate management strategies. In the present study, we analyzed a total of 28 isolates obtained from the main potato-growing regions of Iran, including the Ardebil, Hamedan, Isfahan, and Fars provinces. The pathogens were characterized based on sequence analysis of the genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), plasma membrane ATPase, Alternaria allergen a 1 (Alt a1), calmodulin, and actin. In addition, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR), and virulence studies were performed. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined dataset indicated that the five representative isolates were grouped with the subcluster comprising A. alternata. RAPD and ISSR analyses clustered the 28 A. alternata isolates into different groups with no correlation with their corresponding geographical origins. Results of the pathogenicity assay indicated that all A. alternata isolates were pathogenic against potato. However, the A. alternata isolates showed high variability in terms of virulence.","PeriodicalId":37880,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mycologica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70899836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The first record of Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With. on Castanea sativa Mill. in Poland 肝吸虫的第一个记录（Schaeff.）。在Castanea sativa Mill上。在波兰

Acta Mycologica Pub Date : 2018-06-29 DOI: 10.5586/AM.1108

J. Piętka, W. Ciurzycki

引用次数: 3

Chitinolytic fungi from the Birjand plain of Southern Khorasan Province in Eastern Iran 伊朗东部呼罗珊省南部Birjand平原的几丁质分解真菌

Acta Mycologica Pub Date : 2018-06-28 DOI: 10.5586/AM.1107

Maryam Afsarzadeh Laein, A. Mohammadi

{"title":"Chitinolytic fungi from the Birjand plain of Southern Khorasan Province in Eastern Iran","authors":"Maryam Afsarzadeh Laein, A. Mohammadi","doi":"10.5586/AM.1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/AM.1107","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal chitinases play important roles in the decomposition of wastes, mycoparasitism, and biocontrol of nematodes and plant pathogens through chitin biodegradation. This study was conducted during 2013–2017 to investigate the presence of chitinase genes in Trichoderma and Clonostachys species from the Birjand plain, and to evaluate their ability to degrade chitin. Fungal spores and soil suspensions were cultured on minimal medium containing 1% colloidal chitin from crab bodies to isolate chitinolytic fungi. Chitinolytic ability of the isolates was evaluated on this medium by staining with 1% Lugol’s iodine solution and screening for the production of a bright halo around the colonies. Fifty-two isolates capable of degrading chitin were recovered. DNA extracted from the isolates was amplified using Chit2 or DECH degenerative primers that are related to the chitinase gene, and their sequences were aligned using the NCBI GenBank database. The Chit2 and DECH primers amplified 600-bp and 250-bp fragments, respectively, and according to sequence alignment, the isolates had sequences similar to that of the chi18 chitinase genes. Morphological and molecular characterization allowed identifying the isolates as belonging to the species Trichoderma harzianum (n = 41), T. longibrachiatum (n = 1), T. virens (n = 3), T. brevicompactum (n = 1), Clonostachys rosea (n = 5), and C. rogersoniana (n = 1), some of which may potentially be used as biocontrol agents of pathogenic nematodes and fungi. This is the first report of isolation of fungi capable of chitin biodegradation from the South Khorasan Province in Eastern Iran.","PeriodicalId":37880,"journal":{"name":"Acta Mycologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48358883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1