American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence, Drinking Patterns, and Risk Factors of alcohol use and early onset among Ghanaian Senior High School students.","authors":"Emmanuel KofiBondah, L. Gren, S. Talboys","doi":"10.5455/ajpmph.20191004022611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpmph.20191004022611","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Alcohol use among young people (mostly late adolescents) contributes to a range of behavioral, social, economic and health consequences. This study assessed the prevalence, drinking patterns and risk factors of alcohol use and early onset among senior high school students in Ghana. \u0000Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study adapted from the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey was conducted. Using a cluster sampling technique at four randomly selected senior high schools, 803 participants (59.42% females; mean age= 17yrs, SD=1.72yrs, min/max age= 12/25yrs) were sampled for the study. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess prevalence, drinking patterns and associated risk factors to alcohol use and early onset. \u0000Results: With a reported prevalence of 38.2% (CI: 37.1- 44.1) alcohol use, no statistically significant differences were observed in the prevalence of drinking patterns among males and females. The average age of alcohol onset was 14.97 (SD= 2.84). A simple linear regression indicated that statistically significant independent variables associated with alcohol onset were age, grade, ethnicity, parental status, age of first sex, smoking parents, number of sex partners, age of first purchase and occasional drunkenness. A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that living with a single parent, having smoking friends, number of sex partners, having a single-sex partner and ever purchasing alcohol were significantly associated with ever drinking. \u0000Conclusion: With higher rates of alcohol use and decreasing age of alcohol onset in this study, School health programs, and policy development should focus on addressing associated modifiable risk factors to reduce underage drinking.","PeriodicalId":378759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127858297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of physical activity among community-dwelling older adults in Mansoura, Egypt","authors":"Nesrine S Farrag, Hala Abou ElWafa, A. Gilany","doi":"10.5455/ajpmph.20190627014113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpmph.20190627014113","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Older people represent a growing proportion of the population who often suffer from multiple diseases and disabilities. Hence physical activity is required to maintain body function and strength. Aims: This study aims to describe the pattern of physical activity of community-dwelling older adults (60 years and more) and its associated factors in Mansoura, Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in both urban and rural areas of Mansoura District, Egypt. Self-reported data were collected form a representative sample of 671 participants at their homes. International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form was used to assess physical activity. Logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of physical activity. P„T0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Results showed that 71.2% of participants had low physical activity level. Higher physical activity level was associated with male gender; normal weight; younger age; and current work with Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) of 4.2(2.3-7.6); 3.1(1.8-5.3); 2.4(1.4-4.4); 2.8(1.8-4.2); respectively. The use of assistive devices, the presence cardiac disease, or musculoskeletal disease were associated with lower physical activity level with Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) of 0.3(0.2-0.5), 0.3(0.2-0.6) and 0.3(0.2-0.5); respectively. Conclusion: These findings should draw attention of decision makers to the magnitude of the problem and might help them develop a tailored intervention to tackle physical inactivity.","PeriodicalId":378759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117240791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective experiences of stigma related to Tuberculosis: a qualitative exploration at peri-urban, Bangladesh","authors":"Sukanta Paul, Afzal Aftab, M. Rifat, Shaila Nazneen, R. Azmi, Shahed Hossain","doi":"10.5455/ajpmph.20190531042639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpmph.20190531042639","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Stigma related to Tuberculosis (TB) is still a global public health challenge. However, only a few attempts were found till date that explored the stigmatization experiences of pulmonary TB patients at the peri-urban context. This study provides a grounded description of the stigmatization experiences of TB from the perspective of TB patients and community people at resource-poor peri-urban settings in Bangladesh. \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The study was conducted in two districts of Bangladesh under BRAC TB Control Programme. Study participants were chosen conveniently. In total seventeen in-depth interviews with pulmonary TB patients (Nine female and eight male) and five focus group discussions with community people (three female and two male) were conducted. Data were audiotaped, transcribed into English, and coded accordingly. Finally, the thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The findings highlight that TB stigma is still prevailing in the community. Many of the TB patients and discussants revealed the isolation of eating utensils, drinking glasses and sometimes bed by family members due to fear of TB transmission, especially during the first two months of diagnosis. For men, concealment of disease was explained as fear of being shunned. For young women, TB preventing one’s eligibility for marriage was the main reason for hiding their TB diagnosis. Anticipated avoidance from family members, especially children due to fear of transmitting TB was commonly found in both male and female TB patients. Change in behavioral and psychological aspects, problem in the family and conjugal life, avoid sexual intercourse, inability to work, lower self-esteem, and discrimination in workplaces, as well as public DOTS facilities due to TB, was also documented in this study. Frontline health workers were found to be suggesting incorrectly about the route of TB transmission to some of the TB patients. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000Stigma exists in the personal life and social context of the TB patients which also adversely affects their psychosocial aspects of life. The information gleaned from this study will be useful for effective TB control strategies in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":378759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126570857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seventeen-year changes in cardiovascular risk factors: a cohort study of southern Brazilian young","authors":"SadiPoletto, N. Bruscato, Manoel Soares Pitrez Filho, L. Vargas, J. C. Santana, J. A. Hauschild, E. Moriguchi","doi":"10.5455/ajpmph.20181024121901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpmph.20181024121901","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The origins of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease are recognized to begin in childhood. Studies involving risk factor screening of children and adolescents can be predictive of future rate trends. This study aimed to evaluate changes in cardiovascular risk factors in asymptomatic individuals followed from age 10–18 years at baseline (1999) to age 27-36 years in 2016. \u0000Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. A total of 156 cohort participants were available for follow-up in 2016 (mean age, 29.9±0.2 years). Data collected in 1999, 2006 and 2016 were analyzed to determine the evolution of cardiovascular risk factors over time. Sociodemographic and behavioral data, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and triglycerides), and fasting glucose were assessed. \u0000Results: During 17-year follow-up, there were significant increases in BMI, WC, total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, and diastolic BP (p < 0.001-0.011), but significant reductions in systolic BP, fasting glucose, and physical activity (p ≤ 0.001). The increase in cardiovascular risk factors was significantly greater in men than in women over time (p < 0.001-0.032). \u0000Conclusions: Our results show a trend toward worsening of cardiovascular risk factors from childhood/adolescence to adulthood. This should serve as a warning to public health officials of the need for health promotion strategies aimed at beginning preventive measures in childhood and adolescence.","PeriodicalId":378759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125901300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking social acceptability: effect of age, gender, family influence and residence","authors":"S. B. Malhab, S. Hallit, L. Khabbaz, P. Salameh","doi":"10.5455/ajpmph.20190128104856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpmph.20190128104856","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To investigate the interactions of sociodemographic factors that are associated with acceptance or refusal of smoking in society. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between February 2017 and January 2018 using a proportionate cluster sample of 630 Lebanese adults. An index was constructed, the “smoking social unacceptability index” and a stratification analysis over age, gender, family influence, city of residence, smoking status was carried out. \u0000Results: The results of the linear regressions, taking the “smoking social unacceptability index” as the dependent variable, showed that having a smoker at home (Beta=-0.664) and big city residency (Beta=-0.481) were significantly associated with a lower score on the “smoking social unacceptability index”. Being a smoker (Beta=-0.696) was significantly and highly associated with a lower score. Whereas female gender (Beta=-0.522) and higher education level (Beta=-0.358) were associated with higher index score. Age and working status didn’t show a significant effect. \u0000Conclusion: gender, family influence, smoking status, big city residency and education level, would affect the attitude towards smoking bans. Public education and implementation of adequate policies are necessary.","PeriodicalId":378759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114164898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis A: A summary of a re-emerging public health menace and protective measures","authors":"Rifath Ali, T. Rawlins, Ismail El Amouri","doi":"10.5455/AJPMPH.20190225090239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/AJPMPH.20190225090239","url":null,"abstract":"The hepatitis A virus has re-emerged within the United States in areas such as Kentucky, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, among others. This outbreak has negatively impacted the health and safety of unaware and uneducated members of the general population. A lack of educational information from reliable sources about hepatitis A has caused some alarm and undoubtedly increased exposure incidences among the general public. The hepatitis A virus trend prompted this article, which serves as supplemental informational designed to (1) provide general background information regarding the virus, and (2) provide information to protect the general public from exposure. Essentially, if one suspects they have been exposed, they should seek medical treatment.","PeriodicalId":378759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125046378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of high psychological frail community dwelling older people using socioeconomic indicators","authors":"L. Hoeyberghs, N. Witte, E. Verté, D. Verté, J. Schols","doi":"10.5455/AJPMPH.20181024061102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/AJPMPH.20181024061102","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Within an aging in place policy, detection of frail community dwelling older people is a challenge. Moreover, previous research showed that psychological frailty contributes most to the overall feelings of frailty, pointing towards the necessity of detection. The main purpose of this study is to explore the socioeconomic profile of frail community dwelling older people in order to determine the possible risk factors of psychological frailty in later life. Methods: A cross-sectional study (N= 28,245) using data collected by the Belgian Aging Studies was executed. Psychological frailty was measured using the Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument, more specifically mood-disorders and emotional loneliness. Chi square tests were used to investigate the relation between psychological frailty and socioeconomic indicators. In order to get an insight into the hierarchical order of the predictors of high psychological frailty, a Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID)-analysis was applied. Results: The risk factors for high psychological frailty were: female, not having a partner, low education and inadequate financial resources. Concerning gender, high psychologically frail women were more often widowed, had no partner and had a lower educational and income level than high psychologically frail men. Results of CHAID analyzes, showed that being divorced or widow(ed), and having difficulties to make ends meet and being a woman were the best predictors for high psychological frailty in community dwelling older people.Conclusion: Asking if there are difficulties to make ends meet enables to detect community dwelling psychological frail older people.","PeriodicalId":378759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127514585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasite Prevalence in The Palajunoj Valley: Water System Case Study in Candelaria, Guatemala","authors":"S. Pugazenthi, Margarita Girón","doi":"10.5455/ajpmph.20190323071840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpmph.20190323071840","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to poor sanitation and lack of infrastructure in rural Guatemala, diarrheal disease is prevalent. The goal of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in children in the Palajunoj Valley and to conduct a case study in Candelaria – a rural Guatemalan community in the Palajunoj Valley – regarding the current state of their water system and household water practices. \u0000 \u0000Methods: The Primeros Pasos Clinic, a primary care medical and dental clinic in the Palajunoj Valley, collected over 1,000 fecal samples in 2015 from children in the Palajunoj Valley and tested them for parasites presence. Interviews and water tests were conducted in January 2019 in Candelaria with community leaders and women in the community. Data was analyzed in February 2019. \u0000 \u0000Results: 60.11% of children in the Palajunoj Valley and 50.47% of children in Candelaria presented with at least one type of gastrointestinal parasite. 37 out of 95 houses in Candelaria do not have access to tap water. Unfiltered tap water was highly contaminated with hydrogen peroxide producing bacteria. Boiled water and filtered water presented lower levels of contamination. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions The high level of parasite prevalence is at least partially due to lack of access to clean water. The three major issues in Candelaria are lack of infrastructure, financial barriers, and lack of sufficient education.","PeriodicalId":378759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127825862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19: economic damage is a health risk","authors":"S. Jargin","doi":"10.5455/ajpmph.20200402032426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpmph.20200402032426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123245643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the nutrient content of the lunch boxes of children in Early Childhood Development Centers in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa through parent programs: Baseline nutrition survey results","authors":"Odwour Midigo","doi":"10.5455/ajpmph.20190818083641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajpmph.20190818083641","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND \u0000Earlier research from Early Childhood Development (ECD) Centers in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB) showed a double burden of both chronic underweight and overweight in the same vulnerable communities. Lunch boxes that parents pack for children attending ECD centers have been noted to fall short of the recommended dietary standards. Despite this, no similar research has been done with the parents concerning the content of the lunchboxes and if nutrition education strategies can improve the lunchbox content. The primary aim of the study is to improve the nutrient content of the lunchboxes of the preschool children through parent programs. It is hoped that this will help increase access to healthy lunch boxes among preschool children in Nelson Mandela Bay. \u0000METHODS \u0000Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Nelson Mandela University. During February 2018, 485 participants from preschools in underprivileged areas were weighed and measured by trained fieldworkers to determine the weight-for-age Z-score, height-for-age Z-score and weight-for-height Z-score using the WHO Anthro. \u0000RESULTS \u0000The baseline nutrition survey results from 381 participants (age range 5-60 months) showed that 2.4% (n=9) of the participants were wasted, 14.5% (n= 55) stunted, 3.7% severely stunted (n=14) and 14.9% (n=57) underweight. The most wasted age group of the children was between 36-47 months 5.2% (n=6) while the most severely stunted age group was between 6-11 months 12.5% (n=8). Similarly, the same age group (6-11 months) registered the highest underweight percentage 12.5% (n=8). On the other hand, 37.2% (n=141) of the children were overweight. The overweight children were between 12-23 months of age. Findings indicate a double burden of disease in the form of stunting and overweight present in the same geographical populations. \u0000Conclusion \u0000This implies that any nutrition intervention should be targeted to the needs of specific individuals. In addition, urgent preventative strategies are needed to investigate the causes of this double burden and the potential contribution that parents can make to prevent this.","PeriodicalId":378759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122875303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}